Tambora Volcano

• Adireshin: Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
• Ƙarshen karshe: 1967.
• Hawan taron: 2850 m
• Nau'i na dutsen mai fitattun wuta: stratovolcano
• Lokacin ilimi: shekaru dubu 57 da suka wuce

Mutane da yawa sun san Sanarwar Sanarwar ta Waterloo, amma kaɗan sun ji labarin dutsen mai suna Tambor. Babu littafi na tarihi da zai gaya maka cewa cikin watanni 2 kawai. kafin shan kashi na Napoleon, a 1815 a Indonesia , a tsibirin Sumbava ya rushe wutar tsaunin Tambora, mafi karfi a cikin 'yan shekaru dubu na ƙarshe. Duk abubuwan da suka faru sunyi tasiri sosai a kan tarihin mutum, amma saboda wani dalili shine yaki a filayen Belgian da ke ba da ɗakin dakunan karatu, yayin da tudun Tambor na shekaru 200 bai faɗi kome ba.

Muna ba ku damar koyon abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da abubuwan ban mamaki game da dutsen tsaunuka na Tambor, wanda za'a iya gani a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.

Wadanda suka riga sun faru a cikin masifar

Afrilu 5, 1815 a cikin dutse na dutsen mai tsabta akwai kananan fashewa. Hukumomin tsibirin Java na dogon lokaci basu iya gane inda yazo daga irin wannan rumbling mai karfi ba. Ya yi kama da mutane cewa wasu jirgi suna raguwa ko 'yan tawaye sun kai farmaki a Birtaniya. Don gano abin da ya faru, Gwamna Stamford Raffle ya aike da jiragen ruwa 2 zuwa yankunan Sumbawa, amma sojojin ba su sami wani abu ba.

Rushewar tudun Tambor

A gaskiya ma, wadannan fashewar sune farkon farkon hadarin wutar lantarki a tarihin dan Adam. Ta yaya duk ya faru:

1. Ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu, 1815, an rufe tudu a cikin radius 600 daga Tambor. Rashin fashewar ya kara tsanantawa, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki kwakwalwa ya juya zuwa dutsen gudun wuta. A cikin misalin karfe 7 na yamma a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, ginshiƙan wuta guda uku sun tashi a kan dutsen mai fitad da wuta. Daga nesa kamar kamar wuta, wanda daga bisani akwai duwatsu da duwatsun da suke warwatse a cikin dukkan wurare.
2. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da mummunar abin mamaki da mamaki: daga saman dutsen, wani babban wutar lantarki mai tsanani mai tsanani ya fadi, a cikin hutu, ya hallaka kauyen Sagar, mai nisan kilomita 40 daga Tambor. Rashin hadari ya rushe kuma ya kone itatuwa tare da asali, dukkanin ciyayi, dabbobi da mutane. Sa'a daya daga bisani, mai lakabi da diamita na 20 cm ya fara fada daga bakin Tambora Volcano. Bayan wani sa'a, tsarar yana gudana daga gangarawa da lalata duk abin da ke cikin hanyarsa.
3. Da karfe 22 a kan tsibirin Malaysian, raƙuman mita 4 sun bugi bakin teku na gabas Java, sai ya koma cikin tsibirin Moluccas tsakanin Sulawesi da New Guinea, kuma daga bisani suka isa Tambora. Har zuwa 43 m, hayaki da ash sun tashi, suna haddasa 650 km kewaye da dare, wanda ya dade kwana 3. Ruwa na dutsen mai fitattun wuta ya ji har sai daren Afrilu 11. Tsunami, wanda girgizar asa ta haifar, ya wanke kusan dukkanin yankunan tsibirin Malaysian kuma ya kashe mutane 4.6.
4. A cikin watanni 3. dutsen tsabar Tambor a Indonesia ya girgiza kuma ya haskaka. Sai dai bayan da shiru ya zo, Gwamna Stamford Raffle ya yanke shawarar aikawa da tsaunuka zuwa ga mazaunan yankin. Amma kafin ƙungiyar masu ceto sun bayyana mummunar hoto. Da zarar wata babbar tudu kusan ta zama daidai da filin jirgin ruwa, an binne yankin a cikin toka da laka tare da tons of bishiyoyi da itatuwa masu iyo a cikinta.

Sakamakon

Babu wani abu da ya wuce ba tare da wata alama ba, kuma irin wannan bala'i na bala'i ya bar abubuwan da suka fi zurfi a duniya. Har ila yau, tarin Tambor a Indonesia ya bar tunaninsa:

1. Wadanda suka tsira sun sha wahala daga yunwa, ƙishirwa da kwalara, wani ruwa mai tsabta da kuma shinkafa mai yawa sun kasance a shirye su ba da na ƙarshe. Rundunansu na mutane da dabbobi sun kewaye tsibirin Sumbawa, wandanda suke rayuwa suna tawaye a cikin ƙura a cikin laka don neman abinci. Bayan yawanci, daga mutane 11 zuwa 12 sun mutu, amma wannan ne kawai farkon. Sauran abubuwan da suka faru a cikin yanayi bayan fashewar ya zama tasiri ga "hunturu na nukiliya", sakamakon haka wasu mutane dubu 50 da ke zaune a Indonesia sun mutu saboda yunwa da cutar. A cikin stratosphere sulfur na dogon lokaci tare da toka, da kuma mai da hankali mai sanyi a dukan duniya ya dade shekaru da yawa.
2. Wasu ƙasashe na dutsen mai suna Tambora sun shafi. Ruwan sanyi ya fara a lokacin rani na 1815 a arewacin Arewacin duniya, yawancin jama'ar Arewa maso gabashin Amurka sun kamu da mummunar sanyi. Snow, wanda ya fadi a watan Yuni, ya haifar da lalacewar dukan aikin noma.
3. A kudu maso gabashin Turai a cikin tsawon 1816-1819. sauya sauyin yanayi ya ɗauki rayuka da dama, mutane sun kamu da rashin lafiya, kuma saboda rashin nasarar amfanin gona da annoba na dabbobi, sun sha wahala daga yunwa.
4. Rushewar dutsen mai fitattukan a 1815 ya lalata kauyen Tambor. Tare da mutane dubu 10 a ƙarƙashin harsashin mita 3 na ash, al'adun gida, harshen Tambor da dukan tarihin waɗannan mutane an binne har abada. A shekara ta 2004, an yi nisa a wannan ƙauyen, kuma masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun gano gidaje na mazaunin Tambor, kayan aiki, kayan aiki da yawancin Aboriginal. Duk wannan an binne shi a karkashin wani kwanon ash har tsawon shekaru 200, kuma an kira wurin da ake kira Excavation Eastern Pompeii.

Menene mai ban sha'awa dutsen mai Tambora don masu yawon bude ido?

An san Indiyawan ba kawai ga shimfidar wurare masu kyau ba, ƙananan rairayin bakin teku masu , amma har ma manyan tsaunuka masu tasowa , mafi haɗari da muni shine Tambora a duniya. A yau, Dutsen Tambora an yi shiru a cikin shiru, amma mazaunan yankin suna shirye-shirye don fitarwa. Mutanen yankin sun san makamashin wannan dutsen sosai, kuma suna jin dadin tsoro da girmamawa ga dutsen mai tsabta, saboda wannan labarin Sumbawa ne, wanda kowane mazaunin gida zai gaya muku.

Masu sha'awar yawon shakatawa suna janyo hankulan wannan wurin: da yawa mafarki don hawa zuwa sama kuma ga babbar babbar dutse mai mita 7,000 daga Mount Tambor wani kyakkyawar ra'ayi na Sumbawa ya buɗe. A daya daga cikin gangara an gina tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, inda aka gudanar da bincike akan ayyukan tsaunuka na Tambor.

Samun taron na Tambor

Masu tsalle-tsalle sukan ziyarci Tambor. An gina hanyoyi da yawa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya ci dutsen tsawa. Har zuwa yau, tsawon tudun Mount Tambor yana da 2751 m. Hawan dutse:

• Daga ƙauyen Doro Mboha, zaka iya farawa a kudu maso gabashin. Hanyar a nan yana da sauki kuma yana kaiwa zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar dutsen;
• daga ƙauyen Panchasila hanya tana da haɗari kuma yana jagorancin hawan arewa maso yamma. An kira shi Doro Peti kuma yana daukan kimanin kwanaki 2, kuma masu yawon bude ido sunyi tafiya a cikin gandun daji. Amma tafiya ya fi dacewa, a gaban ku za ku ga hawan teku mai girma mai girma a kan dutsen Edelweiss, kuma wani hoto mai ban sha'awa na dutsen tsabar Tambor zai zama babbar kyauta ga ƙarfin hali.

Yadda za a samu can?

Babban birnin tsibirin Sumbawa zai iya kaiwa ta iska. Kamfanonin jiragen sama na "Trigana" da "Merpati" daga Denpasar sun yi jiragen zuwa tsibirin sau 4 a mako. Har ila yau, akwai jiragen ha] a hannu da Lombok da Poto Tano, da kuma aiki a kowane lokaci. Na gaba, hayan mota a filin jirgin sama kuma ku ci ko dai a ƙauyen Doro Mboha ko Panchasilu.