Ciyar da tumatir tumatir a gida - ƙananan hanyoyin dasa shuki da tsayi

Tumatir yana daya daga cikin kayan amfanin gona da aka fi so. Idan mutum yana da yanki kuma yana so ya aiwatar da shi, to, tabbatar - tabbas zai shuka akalla wasu tumatir daji. Ba za a ce cewa girma tumatir a gida yana da sauki fiye da wakilcin turnip, amma, tare da bayanan da suka dace, shari'ar yana da araha kuma ko da amfani.

Dasa tumatir a kan sprouts

Ogorodniku ya kamata ya san yadda za a shuka tumatir a kan seedlings daidai, amma kuma yadda zaka shuka tumatir tumatir a gida, yadda za a kula da tsire-tsire kuma hana kurakurai masu kurakurai da zasu halakar da harbe ko kuma mummunan tasiri ga ci gaba, ci gaban tumatir da makomar amfanin gona.

Ƙasa shirye-shirye don tumatir seedlings

Wannan wani muhimmin mataki a cikin namo na tumatir seedlings a gida. Ƙasa don seedlings tumatir ba za a iya amfani ba tare da shirye-shirye ba, kawai buga shi, duk inda yake. Don tsabtace ƙasa daga larvae na kwari, tsaba na weeds, kwayoyin cututtuka da sauransu, an daskare shi don watanni 1.5, sa'an nan kuma ya kawo cikin ɗaki mai dumi, ya daɗa kuma ya sake komawa sanyi. Kada ku kasance m kuma saya a cikin kantin sayar da ƙasa na mai ba a sani ba. Mafi kyawun sakamako za su kasance idan kun shirya ƙasa da kanku tun lokacin kaka.

Abin da ke cikin ƙasa zai iya bambanta dangane da abin da aka samo sauki kuma mai rahusa don amfani. Haɗa a cikin rabo 2: 1: 1 (za a iya nuna yiwuwar zaɓuɓɓuka a parentheses):

1. Ƙasar Saddy (ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai noma daga karkashin dasa shuki na legumes, zucchini ko daga kwayar).
2. Cikakken sake takin takin (humus).
3. Ƙarya mai laushi, ba yashi yashi (perlite, peat, sawdust-overgrown ko bi da tare da urea bayani)

Shiri na tsaba tumatir don dasa shuki akan seedlings

Shuka seedlings tumatir a gida yana farawa tare da shirye-shiryen iri. Tsarin tumatir a gaban dasa shuki a kan kwayoyin ya hada da wadannan fasahohin injrotechnical:

1. Raba. Hanyar farko ita ce dubawa na tsaba: cire lalace, canza launi, komai. Hanya na biyu shine don tsallaka 1 tablespoon na gishiri a cikin lita na dan kadan dumi, ruwan tsarkake, sa tsaba a can da dama. Ya kamata a kawar da tsaba da aka rage, sauran wanke da ruwa mai tsabta, tace, dried, yada a takarda ko gauze.
2. Bincika don ƙwaya. Ana sanya adadin tsaba da yawa a kan takalmin auduga, an rufe shi tare da takalmin auduga, an shayar da shi har tsawon mako daya. Sa'an nan kuma ana kidaya yawan tsaba da aka haifa. Tare da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, an kara yawan ƙwayar iri. Tare da fitowarwa a ƙasa da 10-15%, ba a amfani da tsaba don dasa shuki ba (sai dai idan kuna ƙoƙarin ajiyewa da adana wasu nau'ikan da kuke so)
3. Warming. Gauze buhu tare da tsaba dakatar da wasu watanni kusa da batir din ko yadawa, ta haɗuwa akai-akai, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana don mako guda. Ba a aiwatar da shi ba don tsaba na hybrids kuma don an nufa don saukowa a yankunan kudancin.
4. Disinfection . Yawanci, tsaba suna disinfected a cikin wani m ruwan hoda bayani na potassium permanganate (1 MG da 1 lita na ruwa), ragewan tsaba a cikin gauze jaka na 15-20 minutes. Bayan an wanke tsaba kuma a bushe.
5. Soaking . Zai fi dacewa a gudanar da jaka a gauze a cikin ruwan da aka sha a cikin awa 12-18. Ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 22-25 ° C. Canjin ruwa sau sau 3. Tsaba kada su yi iyo cikin ruwa, amma kada su bushe. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, cire tsaba daga ruwa don yaduwa da oxygen. Soaking ya kamata a yi kafin dasa. Bushi na tsaba a tsakanin soaking da dasa ba a yarda.

A lokacin da shuka tumatir a kan seedlings?

Tsugunin shuka na farko don seedlings a gida zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa sprouts "," ƙwayoyin su ma maɗaukaki, wanda zai haifar da saukowa a cikin ƙasa kuma zai iya shafar tsirrai na seedlings. Idan kun yi marigayi tare da dasa shuki na tsaba, ba za ku sami girbi na farko ba, kuma don mafi girma a cikin latitudes, ba za a sami isasshen lokacin da za ku samar da 'ya'yan itacen a karshe ovaries ba. Hanya, lokacin da dasa shuki tumatir a kan seedlings, ba iri ɗaya ba ne ga tumatir na balagaguwa daban-daban:

• farkon farawa - kwanaki 40-50 kafin bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko;
• tsakiyar - ripening - 50-65 days;
• marigayi ripening - kwanaki 70.

Hanyar dasa shuki tumatir a kan seedlings

Samar da tumatir tsaba ga seedlings yana daya daga cikin matakai mafi muhimmanci na namo, wanda nasararsa ta shafi rinjayar tumatir. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar gargajiya (shuka a cikin kwalaye, ɗaukar kofuna tare da kara dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai bude) girma tumatir seedlings a gida za a iya za'ayi ta hanyoyin da ya fi dacewa da sauƙaƙe kula da seedlings da inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Girma seedlings tumatir a cikin peat dafuna

Kwayar tumatir a cikin nau'in peat ba su buƙatar tsire-tsire, saboda haka tsarin ci gaba yana sauƙaƙe. Abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan hanya:

1. Za a iya amfani dasu don yin girma, tsada iri ko, idan akwai kananan adadin tsaba.
2. Karamin, mai sauki don matsawa kwantena da kwayoyi.
3. Tsaba ba sa buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa, tun da kwayar rigaya ta riga ta ƙunshi ci gaba mai mahimmanci da ma'adinai;
4. An samar da tushen tsarin da iska.
5. Ba a damu da shuka a lokacin da aka shuka a ƙasa, tushen tsarin ba ya ji rauni.
6. Bayan dasa shuki da tsire-tsire, jikin mutum wanda ba shi da ƙwayoyi da masu tausayi yana kare nau'in shuka daga cututtukan cututtuka na dan lokaci.

Shuka tumatir a cikin cochlea

Wannan hanya mai ban sha'awa bai riga ya zama tartsatsi ba, don haka ba duk masu girbi na kayan lambu sun san yadda za su yi girma tumatir a cikin tsutsawa ba. Kuma gaba daya a banza! Hanyar yana da alamar alkawari kuma tana da alamun bangarori masu yawa:

• sauki da kuma amfani;
• Tsarin sararin samaniya;
• babu kudi mai yawa;
• Zaka iya amfani da kayan ingantaccen abu;
• Ana buƙatar buƙatar ruwa kaɗan;
• tsarin tushen yana tasowa sosai;
• yana daukan lokaci kaɗan don karɓar.

Hanyar Sin don girma tumatir seedlings

Hanyoyin Sin na shuka namun tumatir suna dubi sosai. Babban bambancin da ya kasance daga sauran hanyoyi shine cewa a yayin ɗaukar tushen tsarin ya kasance a cikin ƙasa: ana shuka shi ne kawai tare da ƙananan aljihunan ƙananan ƙwayar kuma saukewa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin akwati da ruwa don haifar da sababbin asali. Wannan hanya tana da tasiri sosai ga tsayi iri . Ƙara:

1. Don wata daya da rabi, lokacin rage tsaba zuwa transplanting da seedlings an rage.
2. An riga an riga an riga an kafa gurasar 'ya'yan itace a tsawon kimanin 20 cm.
3. Tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya ga cutar.
4. Tsawancin daji yana taqaitaccen, ƙwaƙwalwar yana ƙunci, tsire-tsire ya fi ƙarfin iska.

Kula da seedlings tumatir

Wani lokaci mai muhimmanci da muhimmanci shi ne kula da tumatir na tumatir bayan germination. Kyakkyawan kayan dasawa da girbin tumatir na gaba zai dogara da shi. Kula da haske da yanayin yanayin zafi a gida, dacewa mai dacewa ba tare da yin amfani da tsaka-tsalle ba, ciyarwa, lokacin shafe tsire-tsire - ba tare da wannan yana da wuyar samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin fall.

Top miya na tumatir seedlings

Don samun tsire-tsire wanda ke da alaƙa ga cututtuka da yanayin yanayi mara kyau, tare da ƙarancin ganye na ganye, ƙarfin ƙarfin da ba ya shan wahala sosai lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da matasan girma da tumatir ta hanyar ciyarwa ta dace. Yadda za a ciyar da tumatir seedlings da kuma yadda za a ƙayyade cewa akwai kasawa na alama abubuwa:

1. Nitrogen - yellowing daga cikin ƙananan ganye, jinkirin da girma a karkashin yanayin yanayi na al'ada da watering dace. Adadin urea, ammonium nitrate.
2. Phosphorus mai launin shuɗi ne a baya na ganye. Ƙara yawan superphosphate bayan saukarwa a cikin ƙasa.
3. Potassium - an hana girma daga tushen tsarin, necrosis na ganye. Ƙarar potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate.
4. Magnesium - spots tsakanin streaks a kan ƙananan ganye, da ganye bushe da fada a kashe. Top miya tare da magnesium sulfate.

Temperatuur don seedlings tumatir

Tsarin zafin jiki na tumatir ne muhimmiyar mahimmanci don samun lafiya, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Yayin yawan ci gaban tumatir, yawan zafin jiki zai zama:

• germination na tsaba 25-30 ° C;
• fitowar iri bayan shuka 23-25 ​​° C;
• da abinda ke ciki na seedlings a 'yan kwanaki kafin da kuma bayan ɗaukar 16-18 ° C;
• girma seedlings a cikin rana 20-22 ° C;
• abun ciki na seedlings a daren shine 14-16 ° C.

Rikewa da tumatir seedlings

Dalilin da yasa za'a sauya seedlings tumatir: don al'ada photosynthesis, tumatir yana buƙatar tsawon lokaci 12-16 na hasken rana. Seedlings tare da rashin lighting stretches, yana da na bakin ciki rauni tushe da kodadde ganye. Don sauƙaƙe seedlings ya kamata a cikin rana hadari daga sa'o'i 6 zuwa 20. A wata rana, za a iya kashe fitilar a lokacin mafi haske a rana, da safe da maraice, kada ku daina shakatawa. Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da fitilun fitilu don haske. Su ne na tattalin arziki, amfani da dogon lokaci, sauƙi don shigarwa.

Cututtuka na tumatir seedlings

Yaya muni, lokacin da girma tare da irin wannan kulawa da kuma kokarin da yawa, seedlings ba zato ba tsammani ya fara ciwo kuma ya mutu! Seedlings iya lalata irin wannan cututtuka:

1. Fungal. Ya faru a lokacin canje-canje, daga matsananciyar watering da stagnation na danshi, daga ƙasa gurbata, wuce kima thickening na plantings.
2. Kwayoyin yanar gizo da sauri. Dalilin dalilai ne marasa kyau na yanayin gyaran iri, kwayoyin kamuwa da cutar, kwari suna yada cutar, rashin abinci na gina jiki.
3. Kwayoyin cuta. Kamuwa da cuta na faruwa daga substandard tsaba, kamuwa da ƙasa a yanayin zafi mai zafi da abun ciki.
4. Ba masu ciwo ba . Tsire-tsire za su iya sha wahala daga rashin abinci ko mahimmancin abubuwa masu ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa (nitrogen, ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, potassium, alli da sauran abubuwa).

Don hana wannan daga faruwa, yin shuka iri iri, sarrafa tumatir daga cututtuka zasu taimaka. Da kyau a shirya da kuma gurɓata ƙasa, kada ku ɗauka dasa shuki, ku tsayar da tsarin mulki da tsarin mulki. Yi la'akari da ci gaban seedlings, a farkon alamun cutar yayi kokarin ƙayyade dalilinsa, cire shuke-shuke marasa lafiya kuma fara jiyya.

Pickling tumatir seedlings

An yi amfani da tsire-tsire na tsirrai tare da manufar samun fungal daga tsarin tsarin sandan. Tushen tushe yana zurfi a cikin ƙasa, cikin layi waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin kayan abinci. Tushen fibrous yana samuwa a cikin tudu, mai gina jiki mai gina jiki mai gina jiki mai kyau, wadda ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tsire-tsire mai karfi da kuma yawan amfanin tumatir.

Don sanin lokacin da za a nutse tumatir seedlings a, ba zai zama da wuya: a kan wani ƙwayoyin cuta ya kamata ya bayyana biyu real ganye (ban da biyu na cotyledonous ganye). Wannan yana faruwa kamar ranar bakwai na goma bayan fitowar. Yana da kyawawa don amfani da ƙasa ɗaya wadda kuka shuka tsaba. Don yin wannan, da farko a cikin gida, shirya karin ƙasa don samun isasshen kayan shuka tsaba kuma har yanzu ya bar don ɗaukar. Sanya shuka a cikin ƙasa zuwa matakin har zuwa ganyayyaki na cotyledonous.

Tsarin tsire-tsire tumatir a gida ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, amma don koyo yadda za a gudanar da dukkan matakan da ya dace ya zama mawuyaci har ma ga mai gwadawa sosai. Domin kada ku yi kuskure cikin sharuddan, ku riƙe rikodin. Bari ta kasance wata mujallar ta musamman ko littafin rubutu, inda kuke shigar da bayanai game da ranar dasa tsaba, abun da ke ƙasa, lokaci na ɗauka, ciyar da wasu muhimman bayanai. Za su taimake ka, idan ya cancanta, ƙayyade inda aka yi kuskure ko kuma, a wasu, tuna da kuma amfani da matakai mafi nasara.