Mysticism yana samuwa a cikin dukan addinai na duniya, koyarwar falsafa. Tunanin mutum na d ¯ a ya dogara ne akan yadda aka tsara nauyin yanayi da haɗin kai tare da su. Tare da haɗakar ilimi, mutane sun zama mafi kyau, amma imani da halin allahntaka ba ya canzawa.
Mene ne ma'anar mysticism ke nufi?
Ma'anar kalmar mysticism ta fito ne daga tsohuwar Girkanci μυστικός - mai ban mamaki - al'ada ta duniya da hangen nesa bisa tushen zato, fahimta da motsin zuciyarmu. Tambaya ta taka rawa muhimmiyar rawa a hanyar da aka sani na sanin duniya, ainihin asirinsa. Abin da ba abin da ya dace da tunani da dalili shine fahimtar tunanin tunani, bisa ga ji. Mysticism a matsayin rukunan yana da dangantaka da falsafanci da addinai.
Mysticism a Falsafa
Mysticism a falsafar shi ne halin yanzu da ya tashi daga karni na sha tara. a Turai. O. Spengler (masanin tarihin Jamus) ya bayyana dalilai 2 da ya sa mutane suka kasance da sha'awar hanyoyin da suke da su na sanin kansu da Allah:
- rikicin na al'adun Turai, ya ƙare kanta;
- yaduwar karuwar hulɗar al'adu tsakanin kasashen yamma da gabas, watau Gabas ta Gabas shine gamsar da mutanen Turai da ke sha'awar "sabon hangen nesa."
Falsafar falsafa - a matsayin hade da Kristanci na gargajiya da kuma ruhaniya na ruhaniya - ana nufin manufar mutum zuwa ga Allah da hadin kai tare da cikakkiyar (Cosmic Consciousness, Brahman, Shiva), nazarin yana nufin ma'anar dukan duniya ga dukan mutane: kasancewa, rayuwa mai kyau, farin ciki. A Rasha, ka'idodin falsafanci ya bunkasa a karni na ashirin. Shahararren shahararren:
- Theosophy - E.A. Blavatsky.
- Zane Rayuwa - A.K. E da A.A. Roerichs.
- Akidar Rasha (bisa tsarin Buddha Zen) - G.I. Gurdjieff.
- Ilimin tarihin tarihi (Kristanci da Vedic ra'ayoyi) - D.L. Andreev.
- Falsafar falsafar na Solovyov (abin da ke cikin masanin kimiyya na Gnostic Soul of the World - Sophia).
Jung da Psychology na Mysticism
Karl Gustav Jung, likitan psychiatrist na Swiss, daya daga cikin mahimmancin rikice-rikicen da yake sha'awa a lokacinsa, almajirin Z. Freud, wanda ya kafa masanin kimiyyar bincike , ya bude ra'ayi na "gama kai" ga duniya. An dauke shi masanin kimiyya ne maimakon masanin kimiyya. Ƙin sha'awar mismana a cikin K. Jung ya fara tare da matashi kuma ya kasance tare da sauran rayuwarsa. Abin lura ne cewa kakanin magungunan malaman, ya ce - halayen kwarewa masu iko: sun ji kuma sun ga ruhohi.
Jung ya bambanta da sauran masu ilimin kimiyya a cikin cewa ya amince da abin da ya sani kuma shi ne mai bincike. Dandalin daji ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami haɗi tsakanin mabambanci da ainihin, domin ya bayyana abubuwan ban mamaki na psyche-duk wannan yana ganin ya zama sananne. Idan ya kusanci abin da ba a iya fahimta ba, Allah ta hanyar kwarewa mai zurfi - daga ra'ayi game da K. Jung ya taimaki mutum da ke fama da neurosis don samun mutunci kuma ya inganta warkarwa na psychotrauma.
Mysticism a Buddha
Mysticism a Buddha yana nuna kansa a matsayin gani na musamman. Dukkanin - daga abubuwan a wannan duniyar, ga mutane har ma da Allah - suna zaune a cikin Shafin Allah, kuma a waje ba zai iya wanzu ba. Mutum, don haɗuwa tare da Bayyanacce, da farko, ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya - don neman samun kwarewa mai ban mamaki, haskaka kuma ya gane "I" ba zai iya raba shi daga Allahntaka ba. A cewar masu Buddhist - wannan nau'i ne na "jirgin ruwa", "don yin iyo zuwa wancan gefe, ya rabu da halin yanzu kuma ya rushe a cikin ɓarna." Hanyar hulɗa yana dogara ne akan yanayin 3:
- Rashin fahimtar hangen nesa: (tsabtace ji, gani, dandano, ƙanshi, taɓawa);
- cin nasara kan matsalolin kasancewar jiki (Buddha ya ki yarda da wanzuwar jiki);
- kai matakin Allah.
Mysticism cikin Kristanci
Koyaswar Orthodox yana da dangantaka da mutumin Almasihu kuma yana ba da muhimmanci ga fassara fassarorin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Babban rawar da aka sanya wa al'ummomin addinai, ba tare da abin da yake da wahala ga mutum ya kusaci Allah ba. Ƙungiyar da ke tare da Kristi shine ainihin manufar zama mutum. Kiristoci na kirista don fahimtar ƙaunar Allah suna neman canzawa ("tsarawa"), saboda wannan, kowane Kirista na gaskiya dole ne ya wuce matakai da dama:
- tsarkakewar (jiki) na jiki - azumi, abstinence, sallah a wani lokaci, rahama ga wahala;
- Haskaka - fahimtar Littafi Mai Tsarki da gaskiyar ɓoye a cikin bayyanar halitta;
- Unification (Contemplation) - sanin zuciya na ƙaunar Allah: "Allah mai ƙauna ne, wanda yake ƙauna, yana zaune cikin Allah, Allah kuma a cikinsa."
Halin Ikklisiya zuwa addinin Krista ya kasance mawuyacin hali, musamman ma a zamanin Kwancin Mai Tsarki. Mutumin da ya tsira daga kwarewa na allahntaka zai iya kasancewa bidi'a idan abubuwan da ya shafi ruhaniya sun bambanta da koyarwar Ikilisiyar da aka yarda. A saboda wannan dalili, mutane sun kalli ayoyin su, kuma wannan ya hana kiristancin kiristancin ci gaba.
Mysticism a matsayin hanyar sanin
Mysticism da mysticism ne ra'ayoyi da aka jawabi ga mutum wanda ya hadu da wani wanda ba a iya bayyanawa, mai karfin gaske kuma wanda ya yanke shawarar fara koyi wannan duniya a cikin wani hanya m, dogara ga ya ji da kuma ilmantarwa. Hanyar mahimmanci shine a cikin zabi na al'ada na ruhaniya, da kuma ilimin tunanin tunani:
- bangaskiya mai zurfi ga al'ada, tsari, mafi girma;
- dangantaka tsakanin na ciki da na waje, da abubuwan mamaki, wasu mutane;
- dogara da kanka: dandalin sirri mai zurfi ya fi muhimmanci fiye da rubuce a littattafai;
- kasancewa a nan da yanzu;
- Tambayi kome;
- ayyuka na ruhaniya da tunani, dabaru na motsa jiki - kayan aiki a kan hanya mai zurfi na cognition.
Mysticism da Occultism
Mysticism da sihiri suna da alaƙa da alaka da juna, idan da mystic ya yanke shawarar ba da kansa ga ilimin kimiyya. Mysticism ne mafi girman tunani da yarda, da kuma occultism wani aiki mai amfani da amfani da magical dabaru na rinjayar duniya. Kimiyya na yau da kullum an rufe shi da wani ɓoye na asiri da kuma bayar da shawarar irin yadda aka fara shiga cikin al'ada a cikin al'ummomin da aka rufe. Ƙungiyoyin da suka fi ban sha'awa:
- "The Order of Rose da Cross" (Rosicrucians) - an kafa shi ne a 1600;
- "Golden Dawn" - wani sihiri na tsari na XIX karni;
- Masonic babban gidaje. Masons ko "freemasons" suna juyo ga Allah a matsayin "Babban Mawallafin Duniya".
Mistism na zamani
Masanin kimiyya da kimiyya sunyi daidai da fahimtar juna, amma idan masanin kimiyya na iya tabbatar da "hankalinsa" a cikin kalma mai bayyane, to, mystic yayi magana ne akan kwarewarsa wanda ba za'a iya gani ba ko kuma ya taba. Wannan shine rikitarwa tsakanin kimiyya da mysticism. Masanin kimiyya na yau da kullum ya dangana ne akan ka'idodin akida, wanda shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, amma ya zama kasuwancin kasuwanci, wanda ke kula da bukatun mutane. Ba tare da barin gida ba, mutum zai iya "shiga ta hanyar farawa", "janyo hankalin mahaukaci", "dũkiya".