Domin ƙarni, kakanninmu ba su iya hango ko wane irin yaro zai kasance ba. Muna zaune tare da ku a lokacin da, don godiya ga ci gaba da kimiyya, ba wuya a san kowane lokaci jinsi, launi na gashi da idanu ba, kaddarawa ga cututtuka da sauran siffofin jaririn nan gaba. Ya zama mai yiwuwa kuma ya san irin jini na yaro.
A shekara ta 1901, likitan likitancin Austria, likitan ilimin likita, likitan kwararru, masanin ilimin cututtuka Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) ya tabbatar da wanzuwar kungiyoyi hudu. Binciken tsarin erythrocytes, ya gano nau'in antigen na musamman na iri biyu (Kategorien), wanda ya sanya A da B. Ya nuna cewa a cikin jinin mutane daban-daban wadannan antigens suna samuwa a cikin haɗuwa daban-daban: mutum daya yana da antigens kawai a cikin category A, ɗayan yana da B kawai , na uku - dukansu biyu, na huɗu - basu kasance ba (jinsin jinin jini irin wadannan masana kimiyyar jini da aka zaba su 0). Ta haka ne, an rarraba ƙungiyoyi huɗun jini, kuma ana kiran sunan sashen jini na jini AB0 (ya karanta "a-be-nol"):
- Na (0) - ba tare da antigens A da B;
- II (A) - antigens A;
- III (AB) - antigens B;
- IV (AB) - antigens A da B.
An yi amfani da wannan tsarin har yau, da kuma binciken da masana kimiyya suka samu dangane da yaduwar jini (tare da wasu haɗin jini na jini akwai "gluing" na jini mai yaduwa da jini mai yaduwa, kuma a wasu - ba) an yarda suyi hanya mai lafiya, kamar jini.
Yaya zan san nau'in jini na jariri?
Masana kimiyyar halitta sun tabbatar da cewa ka'idodin Mendel (wanda ake kira bayan dan Austrian Botanist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), wanda ke tsakiyar XIX ya tsara dokoki na gado. Godiya ga waɗannan binciken, ya zama mai yiwuwa a lissafta wane jini wanda yaron ya gaji. Bisa ga dokar Mendel, duk wani bambancin yiwuwar gadon dangin jini ta hanyar yaro zai iya gabatarwa ta hanyar tebur:
Daga tebur a sama ya bayyana cewa ba shi yiwuwa a ƙayyade da cikakken daidaituwa, wanda jini yaron yaron ya gaji. Duk da haka, zamu iya yin magana game da abin da jini yaron ya kamata ba ya da iyaye mata da uba. Banda ga dokokin shine abin da ake kira "Bombay phenomenon". Mafi wuya (musamman a Indiyawa) akwai wani abu inda mutum a cikin kwayoyin yana da antigens A da B, amma shi kansa ba shi da jini a cikin jini. A wannan yanayin, ba zai iya yiwuwa a gano ƙwayar jini na ɗa bai haifa ba.
Ƙungiyar jini da Rh factor na uwa da yaro
Lokacin da aka bai wa jaririn gwajin jini, an rubuta sakamakon "I (0) Rh-", ko "III (B) Rh +", inda Rh shine Rh factor.
Rh factor shi ne lipoprotein, wanda yake ba a cikin jini jini a 85% na mutane (suna dauke Rh tabbatacce). Saboda haka, kashi 15 cikin dari na mutane suna da jinin Rh-negative. Matsayin Rh ya gada duk bisa ga ka'idojin Mendel. Sanin su, yana da sauƙin fahimtar cewa yarinya da jinin Rh-korau zai iya bayyana a cikin iyaye masu kyau Rh.
Yana da haɗari ga yaro irin wannan abu kamar Rh-rikici. Zai iya faruwa idan, saboda wasu dalilai, Rh-tabbataccen jini na jini na tayin zai shiga jiki na mahaifiyar Rh-negative. Mahaifiyar jiki tana fara haifar da kwayoyin cutar, wanda, shiga cikin jinin yaro, haifar da cututtuka na tayi. Mace masu ciki da ke dauke da kwayar cutar a cikin jini suna asibiti har sai da haihuwa.
Kwayoyin yara masu juna biyu da yara suna da wuya, amma yana iya zama maras dacewa: yawancin lokacin da tayin ne rukuni na IV; kuma yayin da ƙungiyar I ko III ta ƙungiyar kuma a cikin ƙungiyar tayin II; a cikin mahaifiyata I ko na II kuma a cikin tayin III. Halin yiwuwar irin wannan incompatibility ya fi girma idan mahaifi da uban suna da nau'in jini. Banda shine farkon jini na mahaifin.