Ci gaba da maganin ya taimaka wajen rage yawan ƙananan yara, amma aukuwa na zamani na iya kasancewa - don hango hasashen yiwuwar cututtuka masu tsanani. A saboda wannan dalili, an yi amfani da nuni, abin da yake da kuma lokacin da aka yi, yana da kyau a kwance a cikin daki-daki.
Menene nunawa?
A lokacin daukar ciki da kuma nan da nan bayan haihuwa, ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje ne don tantance ƙalubalanci ga lafiyar uwar da jaririn gaba. Irin wannan gwaje-gwajen ana gudanar da sau da yawa don samun alamun alamar. Ba lallai ba ne a yi shakku ko yin nazari ya zama dole, abin da yake da kuma yadda hanya zata iya cutar da yaron, saboda WHO ya bada shawara. Wannan ƙaddamarwar sauƙi ma'auni bai zama marar lahani ba, kuma zai iya ceton ku daga matsaloli masu tsanani.
Nuna zane - mece ce?
A lokacin gestation, ana buƙatar sarrafa tsarin aiwatar da amfrayo a lokaci don lura da yiwuwar cin zarafi. An yi nazari akan mata masu juna biyu a cikin kowane watanni uku, da lambar da nau'i na gwaje-gwaje na ƙayyade ɗaya. Dikita zai iya aikawa don maimaitawa ko ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Lokacin da aka fara nunawa, mece ce, da kuma wace hanya dole ne a shirya mata, kowane mace ya kamata ya sani. Wannan yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga waɗanda suke cikin haɗari. Wadannan dalilai an ƙayyade a nan:
- shekaru fiye da 35;
- akwai yara tare da rashin hauka na chromosomal;
- fiye da guda biyu na jabu;
- liyafar maganin cututtuka a cikin watanni 3 na farko;
- aure tsakanin dangi dangi;
- barazana mai tsawo na rashin kuskure;
- irradiation na iyaye kafin zato.
Binciken Neonatal
Dole ne a gudanar da wannan tsari a duk gidajen da ba a haifa ba, irin wannan ƙwarewar kima zai ba ka damar gane cututtuka da kuma cututtuka. Cikakken jarrabawa yana ba da damar samun magani mai mahimmanci. Ana gudanar da tsari a matakai da yawa:
- gwajin jini da aka samo daga sheƙon jaririn;
- binciken gwaji;
- binciken bincike akai-akai;
- Ƙwararrun masu sana'a marasa lafiya idan akwai matsaloli.
Me yasa yadawa?
Dalilin kowane binciken shine gano ainihin cututtukan da suke ciki ko hadarin su. Lokacin da yaron ya kasance ciki, abu na biyu ya zo gaba. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya a lokacin da ake yin gwaji na biyu a lokacin daukar ciki, sakamakonsa ba cikakke ba ne, saboda haka alamar faɗakarwa tana buƙatar sake dubawa ta wasu hanyoyi. Kashe gaba ɗaya wannan binciken ba shi da daraja, domin ko da da shigarwa na gida don haifar da kowane yaro fahimtar yanayin zai taimaka wajen shirya matsaloli.
Binciken neonatal , wanda aka gudanar a farkon kwanakin jaririn, ya fi dacewa kuma yana taimakawa wajen gano irin wannan cuta. Ka guji wajibi ne, matsalolin da yawa da farkon ganewar asali sun fi dacewa. Ko da tare da cututtuka masu tsanani, sauƙi na inganta yanayin yana kara yawan gaske idan an gano abubuwan da ba a ciki ba a wannan zamani.
Nazarin ciki
Ana buƙatar ci gaba da kula da ƙananan Fetal don ci gaba, saboda haka ana yin gwaje-gwajen a kowane bidiyon:
- Duban dan tayi da gwajin jini.
- Duban dan tayi. Za'a iya nazarin jini idan an sake watsar da ciki na farko. Hanyoyin da ke cikin hanyar ba su da kwarewa a wannan mataki, sabili da haka, ƙarshen karshe ba shi da.
- Duban dan tayi. A gano ƙwayoyin rashin ci gaba, Doppler da cardiography zasu iya amfani dasu.
Binciken Biochemical
Don binciken, an dauki jinin jini, wanda aka samo shi da safe a cikin komai a ciki. Tun lokacin da suke yin binciken a farkon farkon watanni, sakamakonsa yana nuna matsaloli mai yiwuwa, kuma ba ya zama hukunci. An yi kimantawa akan lambobi biyu:
- In-hCG - taimaka kula da ci gaba da ciki.
- RARR-A - yana da alhakin maganin matsalar mace ta jiki, aiki da kuma samuwar ƙwayar mahaifa.
Ƙarin abun ciki na B-hCG iya magana akan:
- wanda ba a kai ba;
- Down syndrome da sauran canji na chromosomal;
- Lokacin da aka yi ciki ba daidai ba;
- ciwon sukari ciwon sukari;
- multiplicity .
Ƙananan taro na B-hCG ya nuna:
- Tsarin ciki;
- rashin isasshen kasa;
- Edwards ciwo ;
- hadarin zubar da ciki.
Ragewar mai nuna alama ta PAPP-A nuna alama:
- gyare-gyaren chromosomal;
- maras wata-wata zubar da ciki;
- inhibition na ciki;
- magungunan monogenic.
Duban dan tayi
An shirya gwajin dan tayi a kowane mataki na gestation, sakamakon sakamakon nunawa ya bada damar ganin ciwon mahaukaci a samuwar tayi. Don cikakkun fassarar abin da kuke gani, kuna buƙatar cancantar likita don likita, don haka idan akwai shakka, zai fi kyau a bincika tare da wani likita. A farkon farkon watanni uku, an auna maki masu zuwa:
- Girman bakin sararin sararin samaniya - yawancin ya fi girma, mafi girma shine chances na samun ciwon kwayar halitta.
- Tsawon kashi na hanci zai iya nuna maye gurbin chromosomal, amma dole ne a tabbatar da sakamakon gwajin da suka rage.
A karo na biyu na farko, binciken ne kawai yake faruwa ne kawai ta hanyar ciki na ciki, an yi shi don dalilai masu yawa:
- Bincike na tayi na tayi ga ganowar ciwon ci gaba.
- Daidaitawa da digiri na ci gaba da kuma lokacin yin ciki.
- Tabbatar da gabatar da tayin .
A cikin shekaru uku na uku, ana kulawa da hankali ga matsalolin obstetric na yiwuwar karuwancin tayi, saboda a wannan lokacin ƙarshen lokaci ba zai iya nunawa ba, wadanda aka gano a baya. A lokacin binciken, likita ya dubi:
- girman girman jikin da kai (wajibi ne don shirya nauyin yaro);
- tsarin dabbobi;
- kwakwalwa;
- gabobin a ciki;
- kashin baya;
- jaw, kobit da yankin nasolabial;
- Hanyar hali;
- Jihar jijiyar haihuwa.
Binciko don ciki - lokaci
Yana da mahimmanci ga mahaifiyar nan gaba ba kawai don sanin abin da wannan "nunawa" yake ba, amma don wakiltar iyakokin lokaci na nassi. Gwaje-gwajen suna dogara da tsawon lokacin daukar ciki, idan an manta da wannan batu, to, yana yiwuwa a rage yawan tasiri na binciken ko samun bayanan ƙarya.
- Kwanni na farko - don gwaje-gwaje ana aikawa a makonni 11-14, amma masana sun gaskata cewa lokaci mafi kyau shine tsawon mako 12-13.
- Hanya na biyu - lokaci mafi kyau don nunawa ga ciki a wannan mataki shine makonni 16 zuwa 20.
- Na uku na uku - ana gudanar da nazarin a cikin makon 30-34, lokaci mafi kyau shine makon 32-34.
Sanin asali na jariri
Bayan yawancin hankali a lokacin gestation, mata ba koyaushe suna so su fahimci abin da jarrabawar jarrabawar jariri ke. Wasu suna dogara da nasu ra'ayi, suna manta da yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka a baya. Tsare-tsaren bincike a farkon kwanakin haihuwar yara zai iya bayyana matsaloli mai tsanani kuma ya ba da dama don kyautatawa. Ana nunawa a cikin matakai da dama, yana ba wa iyayensu bayani game da lafiyarsa.
Gyaran jariran jarirai don cututtuka
Na farko dole ne a bincika jarrabawar "gwaji", saboda daga nan an dauki jini don bincike. Idan ana samo alamar da ake so, an yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken, yawancin cututtukan da aka ƙaddamar da su akai-akai daga sababbin cututtuka, ana bada shawarar ga dukan yara, idan ba a tsare su a cikin gida ba, iyaye sunyi amfani da su. A sakamakon binciken, za a iya ƙayyade matsalolin da za a iya raba su.
- Phenylketonuria - bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana bayan watanni 6, sakamakon zai iya zama lalacewar tunanin mutum. Idan an gano a lokaci, yana yiwuwa ya hana ci gaba ta hanyar cin abinci.
- Cystic fibrosis - wani cin zarafi na aikin numfashi da narkewa saboda mummunan aiki na gland of mugunta na waje. Ana amfani da abinci da enzymes na pancreas don daidaita yanayin.
- Galactosemia - ba ya canza wani carbohydrate kiwo, wanda ke haifar da ciwon hanta, tsarin mai juyayi, idanu. A cikin farkon watanni na rayuwa sau da yawa yakan zama dalilin mutuwar, tsira da yara ba tare da magani ba yana da nakasa.
- Adrenogenital ciwo - yana buƙatar taimakon gaggawa, ba tare da hadarin mutuwa ba ne.
Nazarin muhalli
Don gano rikitarwa a cikin jarirai, ana amfani da hanyar yin watsi da tsirrai na zamani, yana nuna ko da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwarewar wannan kwayar. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna bayani game da bukatar yin aiki tare da yaro. Nazarin ya tabbatar da cewa karuwanci a mataki na 3-4 na sauraron asarar zuwa watanni shida yana taimakawa wajen jinkirta jinkirin magana da harshe na yara. Idan ana amfani da kayan jin labarin daga baya, to, za a sami bayanan baya. A saboda wannan dalili, ana bada shawarar don yin nazari akan wajibi ne.
Neonatal nunawa na jarirai - kwanakin
Kyakkyawan ingancin ya bambanta kawai a nunawa, lokacin da aka sadu. An yi gwajin jini a ranar 4 ga safe (a cikin jarirai na farko - a 7) 3 hours bayan ciyarwa. Sakamakon da aka sani ba bayan kwanaki 10 bayan haihuwa. Idan an sami matsala, za a buƙaci ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Ana gwajin gwajin bayan kwanaki 4 na rayuwa, kafin kurakurai zasu iya faruwa. Idan an samu sakamako mai kyau, za'a sake gwada gwajin bayan makonni 4-6.