Da abubuwan al'ajabi na yanayi!
Kasashen mafi kyau a duniya sune tsaunuka da teku. Duk da haka, wani lokaci akalla ana rinjaye shahararren ta wurin cavities da aka cika da ruwa ko a'a. A nan an tattara ramuka mafi ban mamaki a saman duniya, saboda dalilai daban-daban sun sami daraja.
1. Tsarin Blue, Belize
Ɗaya daga cikin shafukan da aka fi sani da dive don ruwa shi ne Blue Blue Hole, wanda sanannen mai binciken Faransa Jacques-Yves Cousteau ya san. Shi ne wanda ya fara saukowa zuwa ƙasa na zurfin, aunawa zurfin (120 m) da kuma ganowa a zurfin tsarin tsaunuka tare da matsakaicin matsakaici. Kusan wani rami mai zurfi da diamita na fiye da 300 m shine ramin karst kafa a lokacin dakin da ya wuce. A nan babu cutuka da jinsunan sharks, saboda haka, duk da nisan da ke da nisa daga wayewar gari (96 kilomita zuwa birni mafi kusa), Ƙungiyar Blue Blue tana shahararrun mutanen masu ruwa.
2. Gidan Gida, Monticello Dam, California
Rashin tsuntsaye na Monticello, wanda aka gina a kan shafin yanar-gizon duniyar ruwa, ba a san shi ba saboda girmansa, amma da farko dai mafi yawan tsuntsayen duniya don dumping ruwa. Samun diamita na 21 m, yana wuce mita 1370 na mita biyu, yana sa ya kula da yanayin ruwa mafi kyau a lokacin damina. A dam dai dukkanin kariya za a dauka don hana mutane su gano kansu kusa da hawan.
3. Karuwar kiwo na Ruwa Matattu, Isra'ila
Girman girma da ci gaba da masana'antun sunadarai sune ainihin dalilai na bayyanar babbar lalacewa a bakin tekun Tekun Matattu, a cikin ƙasar Ein Gedi National Park. A halin yanzu akwai fiye da 3,000 kawai sanannun sanannun, da kuma yawancin su a zahiri - babu wanda ya san. Bugu da ƙari, lambobin su suna karuwa sosai. Masu sana'a sun danganta wannan mahimmanci ga karuwa mai zurfi a cikin tekun Matattu (kimanin 1 m a kowace shekara), ta hanyar dalilai da dama, babban mahimmanci shine amfani da babban tashar ruwa na ruwa - Kogin Urdun - a raya yankin kudu maso kudancin kuma a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha a cikin wani ɓangaren mutane ƙasa. Gishiri na ruwa ya fita, kuma ruwan sama mai zurfi yana fitowa daga zurfin duniya, yana yada gishiri, wanda sakamakonsa ya zama ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da gazawar. Girman wasu mamaki - a cikin irin wannan rami na iya dacewa da gida guda takwas.
4. "Jahannama", Sin
Ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu ban sha'awa a duniya shine babbar damuwa ta duniya ta Tianken Xiaozha, wadda ke cikin daya daga cikin lardunan Sin. Yanayi na tsoma suna da ban sha'awa: 626 m na tsawon, 537 m a fadin, kuma daga 511 zuwa 662 m cikin zurfin. Bugu da ƙari, hawan gilashi yana da ganuwar bango, wanda ke zama a matsayin ƙarin abin sha'awa ga masu yawon bude ido. A daya daga cikin ganuwar garu an gina wani tsayi, 2800 matakai wanda ya kai ga kasa. Wani kogin ruwa mai zurfi da tsawon kilomita 8.5 yana gudana a gefen ƙofar karst karkara, wadda ta zo ne kawai a nan. Duk da cewa "underworld" ya kasance shekaru 129,000 da suka wuce, sanannun mazauna gida, masana kimiyya da kuma jama'a sun san wannan al'amari na ban mamaki ne kawai a shekarar 1994 a lokacin bincike na sababbin wurare don bincike na masu bincike na Birtaniya.
5. Rushewar Brimma, Oman
Wannan wuri yana da ban sha'awa ga kyawawan ƙawanta da ƙawa, saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa janyo hankulan masu yawon bude ido. Ƙwararren gilashin launi na cike da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda za'a iya gani sai dai a cikin hotuna. Hukumomi na gari sun yanke shawara su juya gazawar a cikin wurin shakatawa na ruwa don jawo hankulan yankuna da kasashen waje su yi iyo a wani wuri mai ban mamaki.
6. Bingham Canyon, Utah, Amurka
Mafi sananne ne kamar yadda kamfanin Kennecott ya yi, yana da mafi girma a duniya a kudu maso yammacin Salt Lake City. Girmansa suna fargaba: kimanin kilomita 1 da 4 km fadi! Idan kullun biyu na daular Land State suna tsalle a kan juna, ba za su kai saman rami ba daga kasa na rami. Kudin da aka gano shekaru 110 da suka wuce, har yanzu yana aiki, yana ba har zuwa 450 ton na dutsen kowace rana.
7. Blue hole Dean, Bahamas
Hanya na biyu mafi zurfi a cikin duniya yana kusa da garin Clarence a Long Island. Ko da yake mafi yawan wadannan cututtuka na halitta suna da zurfin kimanin 100 m, rami mai laushi na Dean ya wuce wannan sigar fiye da sau biyu, yana barin ƙasa 202 m. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar sabon abu: yana da diamita 25-35 m kusa da farfajiyar, ɓacin hankali yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma a zurfin 20 m ta kai kimanin diamita 100 na m, ta zama nau'in dome. Mafi kyau a tsakanin masoya da ruwa mai zurfi da ruwa mai zurfi, ramin bakin ciki na Dean, ya kasance sananne a cikin mazauna: an ce an halicce shi ba tare da mummunar tasiri ba, kuma marasa hankali marasa kyau zasu iya jurewa cikin duhu.
8. "Gates of Hell", Turkmenistan
Wannan dutse, kamar yadda yanayin fim ya faru, tare da diamita 60 da zurfin 20 m, ya ci gaba da konewa har tsawon shekaru 45. An fara ne a shekara ta 1971, lokacin da masu binciken masana kimiyya suka gano wani filin samar da iskar gas. Lokacin da hawan haɗari ya fara, masu ci gaba sun zo a cikin kogon karkashin kasa, sakamakon abin da duk kayan aiki, ciki har da jirgin ruwa, ya fadi, kuma ramin da aka ƙosar da gas. Masu binciken ilimin halitta ba su tunanin wani abu da ya fi yadda za a sa wuta ga gas don ci gaba da aikin. An dauka cewa zai ƙone a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Duk da haka, an yi shekaru 45 da haihuwa, kuma wuta ba zata ci gaba ba. Dukan faɗin dutse an rufe shi da fitilar nau'o'i daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu sun kai 10-15 m.
A shekarar 2013, masanin binciken Kanada George Coronis yayi kokarin sauka zuwa kasan dutse, inda ya gano kwayoyin da ba su faruwa a ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma suna jin dadi a cikin wannan mummunar wuta.
9. Babban Rami, Afirka ta Kudu
Mafi yawan wurare mafi girma a duniya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki ba, shi ne mafi kyaun filin lu'u-lu'u na Kimberley, yanzu ya ƙare. Daga tsakanin 1866 zuwa shekara ta 1914, mutane 50,000 suka dauki nauyin kilo 22.5 na kasar gona tare da fuka-fuki da kullun, suna cire kilo 2,722 na lu'u-lu'u da suka kai kimanin miliyan 14.5. A daidai wannan lokacin, an kafa wani shinge mai nisa da 463 m kuma zurfin mita 240. Yanzu kasan ginin ya cika da ruwa zuwa zurfin 40 m.
10. "Rashin Iblis", Texas, Amurka
Kogin da ya ragu na 12 zuwa 18 m ya buɗe ƙofar zuwa babbar babbar masallaci mai saukowa zuwa zurfin 122 m. A cikin kogo akwai mazauna tsuntsaye masu sauri a cikin ƙasa - ƙugiyoyi irin na Brazil. Wadannan kananan dabbobi kimanin 9 cm kuma suna kimanin kimanin 15 g zasu iya bunkasa gudu daga cikin jirgin sama zuwa 160 km / h. A cikin "Lalacewar Iblis" yana da kusan kimanin miliyan 3 daga cikin wadannan mambobi masu ban mamaki.
11. Gashin Guatemalan, Guatemala
A shekara ta 2010, a babban birnin kasar - birnin Guatemala - ragowar ƙasa na kwatsam, wanda ya shafe ma'aikata uku kuma ya haifar da haɗari ga gine-gine na kusa. Kusan kusan rami da diamita na 20 m yana da zurfin kimanin 90 m. Haɗuwa da abubuwa na halitta da abubuwan anthropogenic sun haifar da irin wannan mummunar haɗari: ambaliyar da Hurricane Agatha ya yi, rushewar tsaunin wutar lantarki na Pakistan da ke kusa da birnin, da kuma tsagewa na tsawa mai tsabta.
Wannan gazawar ba shine farkon wannan abu ba a Guatemala. A shekarar 2007, birnin yana fama da irin wannan rushewa daga cikin surface zuwa zurfin kusan 100 m.
12. "Lake of Morning Glory", Wyoming, Amurka
Wani kyakkyawan wuri mai zurfi, mai zurfi mai zurfi mai ruwa, ya sami sunansa saboda kamanninta da furen witchberry, wanda a cikin Amurka ana kiranta "ɗaukaka tsakar rana." Da farko, an zane mai launin blue a tsakiyar, a cikin wuri mafi zurfi, da hankali ya juya cikin rawaya a kan gefen hawan, da kuma a kan petioles na convolvulus. Amma a kwanan nan, saboda rashin kulawar masu yawon shakatawa da aka jefa tsabar kudi da kowane datti a cikin ruwa, majiyar da ke ciyar da geyser ta zama abin ƙwanƙwasa, wanda ya haifar da sake haifar da kwayoyin cuta da canji a cikin shuɗi zuwa kore da launin ruwan rawaya zuwa orange. Kusa da tushe, har ma alama ce da gargadi game da bukatar kulawa da tafkin da ke cikin lalacewa saboda hadarin canza sunan zuwa "rasa daraja".