Akwai sauye-sauyen canje-canjen a cikin tsabta hangen nesa, shahararrun su ne myopia da hyperopia. Astigmatism sau da yawa yana "damuwa" tare da waɗannan cututtuka, wani lokaci daga haihuwa. A wani mataki mai sauƙi, yana cikin mafi yawan mutane, kuma baya haifar da rashin tausayi. A wasu lokuta, ilimin cututtuka yana ɓatar da hangen nesa kuma yana buƙatar gyara.
Astigmatism - mece ce?
An fassara shi daga harshen Latin, matsalar da ake tambaya ita ce babu wani wuri mai mahimmanci. Don ƙirƙirar hoto daidai, ƙirar ido da ruwan tabarau dole ne a yi kama da ball don ƙwallon ƙafa (ƙwallon ƙafa). Dangane da daidaitaccen tsari, hasken ya dace daidai kuma ya mayar da hankali sosai a tsakiyar dakatarwa a wata aya (macula). Astigmatism shine, a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, ƙirar hankalin ko tabarau (mafi sau da yawa), kamar kwallon kafa don kwallon kafa na Amirka ko rugby. Saboda hanyar haɗuwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi, hasken ba daidai ba ne, kuma an kafa matakai da dama akan mayar da hankali.
Adadin da ke ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar astigmatism - mece ce, kuma menene ma'anar samfurin samfurin a kan dakatarwa? Hoton yana nuna ido mai kyau, tare da spherical cornea da ruwan tabarau. Hanyoyin suna ficewa tare da ɗaliban da ake kira daga kowane ɓangare, kuma suna haɗawa a wuri daya a tsakiyar ɗakin. Hanya na biyu cikin siffar, ta hanyar astigmatism, ta watsa haske daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Saboda wannan, akwai maki 2 ko fiye. Za a iya sanya su a gaban dakatarwa ko a bayansa, kuma mutumin zai ga duk abin da ya ɓace ko maras kyau.
Astigmatism - mawuyacin
Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan cututtukan suna cikin manyan kungiyoyi biyu. Sakamakon astigmatism na iya kasancewa da kuma samu. A cikin akwati na farko, ba zai yiwu a rinjayar haɗarin tasowa ba, ko don yin rigakafi. Cutar da aka samu yana faruwa a lokacin rayuwar mutum a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayi mara kyau.
Tsarin astigmatism - haddasawa
99% na yawan mutanen duniya suna da lahani na gani. Tsakanin mataki na curnea na ƙananan ƙwayar ko kuma ruwan tabarau ya yi ƙanƙara cewa astigmatism na duka idanu ba ya wuce 0.4-0.5 diopters. Wannan karamin alama ne wanda ba zai shafi tasiri mai gani ba kuma baya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a rayuwar yau da kullum. Marashin jin dadi yana faruwa yayin da curvature ya fi 0.75 diopters. Dalilin da ya sa ya zama mummunan kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon ido shi ne farfadowa. Saboda wasu kwayoyin iyaye, yaron ya taso ne a cikin wani motsi mai haɗari ko wani ruwan tabarau mai tsayi tare da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi.
An samo astigmatism - haddasawa
Rashin ƙaddamarwa da wasu sassa na idanu na iya faruwa a cikin girma. An samo asali ko sakandare na biyu - haddasawa:
- ciwo na ido tare da lalacewa da ruwan tabarau ko kuma abin da yake ciki;
- magungunan ƙwayar ophthalmological;
- keratoconus ;
- konewa na conjunctiva ko cornea;
- keratitis ;
- hawan dystrophy ;
- ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ido;
- mummunan cututtuka;
- magungunan kwayan cuta da cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta;
- seams, scars a kan cornea.
Astigmatism - jinsunan, rarrabawa
A cikin siffofin ilimin likitanci 5 na ilimin lissafi da ake la'akari da su an bambanta. An haɗu da haɗin ruwan tabarau ko kuma abin da ake kira tare da ko dai hyperopia (hypermetropia) ko myopia (myopia). Dangane da cututtukan da ke fama da ita, an kwatanta astigmatism:
- Alamar wucewa;
- myopic.
Idan aka ba da ma'anar astigmatism, wannan shi ne haɗin ginin ko kuma ruwan tabarau tare da ɗaya daga cikin magunguna (a tsaye ko a kwance), masu ilimin kimiyya suna kwatanta tsananinta tare da masu cin amana. Idan muna tunanin rabawa ido cikin kashi 4 daidai da kashi biyu na layi, a kowane yanki ya kamata ya kasance daidai da sassan ɗalibai. Idan fatalwa ko ruwan tabarau suna tafiya tare da daya daga cikin masu cin amana, za a mika matakan tare da ɗaya daga cikin gatari, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi. Wannan halayyar tana ƙaddamar da sauƙi da kuma hadaddun abubuwan da ke tattare da su.
Simple hypermetropic astigmatism
Magungunan da aka bayyana irin wannan cuta shine haɗuwa da sauƙi na haske a cikin ɗaya daga cikin masu sadaka, kuma ba daidai ba - a daya. Yana yiwuwa a ayyana irin wannan astigmatism a wani hanya, cewa wannan shine fitowar maki biyu na mayar da hankali. Ɗaya yana daidai daidai, a tsakiyar dakatar, kuma ɗayan yana baya. Harshen magungunan ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar sauƙi yana haifar da mawuyacin hali, amma ba mai lalacewa ba. Yana da kyau maganin farfado ko gyaran horo.
Ƙasar hypermetropic astigmatism
A cikin shari'ar da aka gabatar, hasken ya fice a cikin kuskuren duka. Ƙwararren astigmatism na siffar hypermetropic shine hangen nesa tare da hanyoyi 2, amma a cikin digiri daban-daban. A sakamakon rashin kuskuren haske ta hanyar ruwan tabarau ko ta hanyar abin da ke ciki, babu cibiyar mayar da hankalin da aka kafa a kan dakatarwa. Sun kasance a bayansa a wurare daban-daban, ɗaya daga baya, ɗayan kusa.
Simple myopic astigmatism
Wannan bambance-bambancen cutar yana da sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar kwatanta da nau'o'i na baya. Sanin ma'anar myopia ( rashin tsaro ), ya bayyana a fili kuma ya hada shi tare da shi, cewa wannan shine samuwar daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke mayar da hankali a gaban macula. A kan dakatarwa saboda wannan, ba a kafa siffar hoto ba, amma kuskuren wuri. Wannan sauƙi mai mahimmanci na irin wannan yana nuna kasancewar kallon mayar da hankali na biyu a cikin macula. Wannan nau'i na ilimin lissafi yana haifar da myopia mai ganewa, amma yana da kyau a gyara, musamman ma ta hanyar miki.
Ƙasar myopic astigmatism
An gabatar da nau'i na ɓoye na jiki don nunawa da launi na ƙwayar koran ko kuma ruwan tabarau a cikin mazaunan biyu. Saboda wannan dalili, myopic astigmatism na siffar siffar yana tare da mai tsanani short-sightedness. A cikin macula, babu wata kalma guda ɗaya da aka mayar da hankali, duk suna a gabansa. A kan kwance akwai ƙaton haske mai girma da yawa.
Mixed astigmatism
Bambanci da aka yi la'akari da cutar shine ana ganin ya zama mafi yawan rikitarwa kuma yana haifar da mummunan rashin gani. Astigmatism gauraye - mece ce: murya mai haske na cikin haske guda daya da hypermetropic a wani wuri. A sakamakon haka, babu wata kalma ta mayar da hankali kan ragamar. Idan nau'o'in astigmatism da aka bayyana a sama, ciki har da haɗuwa, suna bada shawara game da hasken hasken hasken baya a baya ko a gaban macula, to, gauraye mai siffar ya haɗa wadannan matsalolin. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali shine a bayan bayanan, kuma ɗayan bai isa ba.
Astigmatism - cututtuka
Hoton hoto na pathology ba shi da ƙayyadadden abu, har zuwa wani mahimmanci bazai danganta da cutar ba. Alamomi masu yiwuwa:
- azabar ido mai sauri;
- defocus na hangen nesa;
- ciwon kai yawanci na yanayin bugun jini;
- damuwa, rikici, sau biyu daga siffar da aka gane;
- buƙatar buƙata lokacin kallon abubuwa;
- ƙwaƙwalwar hankalin ido;
- ciwo, hasken wuta a idanun ;
- redness na sunadaran saboda zuba jini;
- jin dadin yashi a idanu.
Girma da yawan wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sun danganta da mataki na astigmatism:
- Dama - har zuwa 3 diopters. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'o'in pathology, saboda yana da kyau ta hanyar duk wani hanyoyin da aka samu.
- Matsakaicin - har zuwa 6 diopters. Ana nuna alamun astigmatism sosai cewa gyaran da aka yi wa gilashin ba su sake tsoma baki ba. Ana buƙatar hankulan ko tiyata.
- M - fiye da 6 diopters. Wannan nau'in yana nuna babban canje-canjen a cikin kamannin kamin. Matsalar zata iya daidaitawa ta hanyar aiki kawai.
Astigmatism - magani
Hanya na curvature na cornea ko ruwan tabarau ya dogara da nauyin cutar da kuma tsananin hoto. Ana aiwatar da gyaran na astigmatism cikin hanyoyi 4, sau da yawa an haɗa su da juna:
- saka takamaiman lambobi na musamman;
- amfani da tabarau;
- aiki na yau da kullum;
- yin aikin laser.
Lens da astigmatism
Wannan zafin maganin ya dace don gyara ƙwayar magunguna da matsakaici. Akwai nau'i-nau'i biyu:
- External. Mahimmancin astigmatism an zaba su ne daban-daban ga kowane mai haƙuri bayan ganewar asali, lokacin da aka kafa magungunan cutar da ainihin ainihin, tare da bayani game da kusurwar mayar da hankali. Lensuna suna da siffar cylindrical da tsarin tsari. A wasu magungunan ƙwararrun likitoci wadanda suke saka irin wannan tabarau sun haifar da jin dadin jiki - ciwon ciwon kai, ciwo a idanu, rashin jin dadi da kuma rashin hankali.
- Saduwa. Da farko don gyara astigmatism, an yi amfani da ruwan tabarau mai mahimmanci, wanda ya haifar da wahala a amfani da su. Sun lalata ido, tare da busassun bushewa, konewa, jin dadi da sauran abubuwan da basu dace ba. A cikin zamani na ilimin kimiyya, ana sanya takalman gyaran fuska toric. Suna da taushi, amma suna da siffar spherocylindrical ta musamman. Wannan yana samar da hangen nesan gani ba tare da rashin amfani da na'urori marasa ƙarfi ba.
Babu gilashin, ko kuma ruwan tabarau masu hulɗar su na da tasiri mai kyau don kawar da astigmatism. Suna taimakawa mutumin ne kawai don ya gani a fili, amma kada ku kawar da dalilin da ya dace da maganin. Dole ne a canza saurin lokaci, kuma hangen nesa za ta ragu sosai. Hanyar hanyar da za a iya magance wannan cuta ita ce magani mai mahimmanci - m aikin wucewa.
Astigmatism - Ayyukan ido
An tsara kayan aikin gymnastics ga marasa lafiya tare da cutar da aka bayyana, amma don kare rigakafi ko kuma a farkon matakai. Har ma yau da kullum motsa jiki ba hanya mai tasiri, yadda za a warkewarta astigmatism. Gymnastics ba ta taimaka wajen mayar da ainihin siffar gine-gine ko ruwan tabarau, kawai yana sauke tashin hankali daga idanu kuma inganta yanayin jini na gida.
Gwargwadon tsari ya hada da abubuwa 4 na ainihi, bayan kowane ɗayan su wajibi ne don rufe murfin don hutu na 5-10 kuma shakatawa:
- Ku dubi, sannan ku sauka. Yi maimaita sau 10-15.
- Yi nazarin kallon zane-zane (mafi girma) sama da ƙasa. Maimaita a kowane gefe sau 5-8.
- Dubi hagu, to, dama. Maimaita sau 10-20.
- Gyara idanu a cikin shugabanci da kuma ƙari. Make 10-12 juya.
Kyakkyawan horo na hangen nesa da kuma damar da za a iya mayar da hankali a hankali da sauri shine motsa jiki mai sauki wanda za'a iya yi kowace safiya. Ya kamata ku tsaya a taga kuma ku bincika kowane abu mai nisa - itace, matattara kusa, tsuntsu a kan reshe. Bayan minti 20-30 kana buƙatar ɗaukakar idanunka zuwa wani abu mai kusa, misali, hannunka ko alkalami a kan taga. Maimaita sau 5.
Astigmatism aiki ne
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don yin maganin ƙwayar cuta a cikin wannan cuta. Astigmatism na ido - jiyya ta hanyoyi masu juyayi:
- Keratotomy. A yayin aikin, ana amfani da radial (kamar mai magana a cikin motar) tare da katako mai amfani da launi. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen raunana kuskuren rashin haske a cikin maida hankali, wanda ya tabbatar da daidaitawa na mayar da hankali a tsakiyar dakatarwa.
- Laser gyaran astigmatism. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa kuma marar zafi, dace da maganin pathology zuwa 3-4 diopters. A lokacin aikin, likita mai kwantar da hankali ya kwashe wani ɓangare na bakin ciki ta hanyar laser a daidai zurfin lissafi. A sakamakon haka, ya samo siffar siffar daidai, wadda ta nuna ikonsa don watsa haske.
- Gabatar da ruwan tabarau na toric. Ana sanya wannan hanyar idan aikin laser ba zai yiwu ba saboda kowane dalili. Lambar lambobin sadarwa na analogue, wadda aka sanya ta kayan aiki mai kwakwalwa, an dasa shi a cikin ido (baya ko baya). Wannan yana mayar da hankali sosai kuma yana inganta bayyanar hangen nesa.
- Lensectomy. Ana amfani da wannan zaɓi a cikin maganin lokuta masu tsanani na astigmatism. Yin aiki shi ne canza maye gurbin ruwan tabarau. An maye gurbin shi da wani implant artificial, wanda yake shi ne ruwan tabarau na intraocular na musamman.