Yawancin feijoa ya zama sanannun sanannun kwanan nan. An gano shi a cikin gandun daji na kudancin Amirka ta Friedrich Sello na Jamus a tsakiyar karni na 19. A karo na farko a Turai, aka kawo shuka a 1890, na farko a cikin lambuna na Botanical Yalta da Sukhumi, daga baya - a California da Italiya. Daga Italiya feijoa yada a ko'ina cikin Bahar Rum da kuma kara a kudu maso gabashin Asia. A zamanin yau ana shuka wannan shuka a cikin Crimea, Latin America, Australia, Turkmenistan, kudu maso gabashin Asia, Italy, New Zealand.
Feijoa - bayanin
Gidan yana cikin iyalin Myrtov. Babu nau'in jinsuna a cikinta, kuma daga gare su kadai wanda yayi girma ne kawai feijoa. Mutane da yawa sun san abin da feijoa yayi kama da ita, ta san kawai da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Gidan kanta kanta itace itace mai ɗorewa kamar shrub. Zai iya girma har tsawon mita 4. An kafa tushen tsarin tushen ƙananan ƙananan a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Feijoa wani tsami ne mai dumi. Its ganye suna da wuya, pubescent, a haɗe zuwa rassan da takaice petioles. Ganye suna kore a saman da azurfa akan kasa. Akwatin ta rufe jikinta mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa.
Hakanan 'ya'yan itace na feijoa wani abu mai m, mai taushi, mai nama, mai dadi mai dadi kamar kiwi, abarba da strawberry a lokaci guda. Wannan haɗuwa ta dandani zai iya cin nasara daga ciyawar farko. Harshen tayin zai iya jingo daga siffar fatar jiki zuwa maras kyau. Girmansa ƙananan - kawai 2-5 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 60 g A cikin jiki na 'ya'yan itace akwai tsaba, kuma a waje shi ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar fata mai launin fata daga launin kore-kore zuwa kore mai duhu.
Ta yaya feijoa yayi girma?
Feijoa ke tsiro a duk inda yake dumi. Kasashenta sune tasirin sararin samaniya, a cikin yanayin nan yana jin dadi sosai. Amma game da yankuna, inji yana jure wannan yankin a cikin talauci. Mutane da yawa, sha'awar amfani da berries da kuma kayan ado na daji, suna ƙoƙarin girma a feijoa a cikin gida. Dole ne in ce, tare da wasu ilmantarwa game da kulawa da kuma yanayin da ya dace (ko kuma halittarta ta wucin gadi), a yawancin lokuta ya sami nasara sosai.
Flowering feijoa
Tsire-tsire da katako na feijoa a cikin watan Mayu-Yuni tare da furanni hudu masu ƙididdiga, duka guda biyu da kuma inflorescences. Ƙananan biki, a cikinsu akwai sifa (50-80 guda). Rashin ciwon yana haifar da kwari. Itacen feijoa a lokacin flowering yana da kyau sosai. Tsakanin masara yana da makonni uku, bayan haka petals da yawancin ovaries suka fadi. Daga dukkanin furotin na flowering, dabbar ovar da ke amfani da ita ta kasance kawai 17-18%.
Yaushe ne feijoa cikakke?
Delicious da arziki a iodine da bitamin C, da feijoa 'ya'yan itace ripens daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa marigayi Nuwamba. Cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa fada daga rassan, kuma suna tattara daga ƙasa. Don sayarwa, ana girbi girbi na berries kadan a baya. Yayin da Berry ba cikakke ba, an girbe shi daga rassan. Don haka ta fi dacewa da jurewa. Maturation na farko na feijoa 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin dakin zai faru shekaru 6 bayan dasa shuki tsaba. Idan ka dasa cututtuka ko tushen harbe, girbi na fari zai faranta maka rai bayan shekaru uku.
Irin feijoa
Kafin mu fara girma feijoa a matsayin tsire-tsire, bari muyi koyi game da ainihin iri:
- André. Da dama feijoa, daga Brazil. 'Ya'yanta suna da tsaka-tsaka, tsaka ko zagaye, tsayayyen dasu, haske a launi. Naman jiki mai yawa ne, tsaba suna ƙananan. Abin dandano yana da wadata sosai kuma ya cika. Tsire-tsire yana da kyau, yakan samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa.
- "Besson." Ƙasar ƙasar ta wannan nau'ikan ita ce Uruguay. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ƙananan ko matsakaici, m cikin siffar, tare da burgundy blush. Fata na 'ya'yan itace ne na bakin ciki, jiki ba shine lokacin farin ciki ba, mai laushi mai kyau, m, m, tare da yawan tsaba.
- Coolidge. Girma mafi yawa a California. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ko dai oblong ko pear-shaped, na matsakaiciyar matsakaici. Fatar jikin ta dan kadan. Ƙanshin 'ya'yan itacen ba shi da tabbacin. Ganye yana da kyau, mai karfi da kuma kafa.
- "Superba". 'Ya'yan wannan nau'i na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne na zagaye ne. Ba ƙasa da 33% kai-m. Daji yana raguwa, ƙarfin matsakaici.
- Choiceana. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai zagaye ko kadan, m, matsakaici a girman, m dandana. Daji yana da ƙarfin matsakaici, injin yana da kashi 42%.
Yadda ake tada feijoa a gida?
Tun lokacin da 'ya'yan feijoa na daga Brazil, wajibi ne a lura da manyan yanayi biyu don amfanin gona - zafi da zafi. An shuka shuki ba kawai ga 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, har ma a matsayin shuka mai ban sha'awa - furancinsa yana da kyau sosai, furanni suna da hadari, tare da mai yawa launin ja a kan bangon snow da fari da burgundy stipules. Idan kun sami damar samar da yanayi mai zurfi don feijoa, girma zai zama muku ainihin sha'awa.
Feijoa shuka - ƙasa
Mafi kyawun ƙasa ga wannan shuka shi ne cakuda peat , yashi, humus, turf da deciduous ƙasar a daidai rabbai. Gaba ɗaya, inji ba shine musamman ga kasar gona ba, saboda haka sababbin furotin zasu yi. Na farko shekaru 2-3 yana da muhimmanci bayan dasa. Yadda za a yi girma feijoa a wannan lokacin: kana buƙatar dasa shi a kowace shekara a cikin wani sabo ne na gina jiki substrate. Ya kamata a rike da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ta tushen yayin da ake dasawa, kuma ƙasa mai kyau ya cika filin har zuwa ganuwar tukunya.
Yadda za a shuka feijoa?
Kamar tsire-tsire masu yawa, ana iya shuka feijoa ta iri. Yadda za a yi girma a feijoa daga tsaba:
- Tsaba ya kamata ya zama sabo ne, ba a cikin wata bara. Zai fi kyau a tattara su da kanka, ba dogara ga kantin sayar da ba. Suna buƙatar ɗaukar su daga wani 'ya'yan itace mara kyau.
- Ana wanke tsaba da kuma bushe don kwanaki 6.
- Da tsaba da aka sa a kan ƙasa surface an yayyafa shi da wani Layer na ƙasa na 5 mm.
- Watering ya zama mai hankali kada ku wanke kayan. Don yin wannan, zaka iya rufe akwati da nama.
- Zababbun farko zasu bayyana cikin wata daya bayan dasa shuki da kuma makonni 2 bayan an shuka a lokacin rani.
Feijoa a tukunya - watering
Watering da kuma dacewar ƙasa na iska da iska suna da muhimmin mahimmanci na kulawa na feijoa a gida. Ganye yana da tsarya, a lokutan zafi banda watering, yana buƙatar saurin spraying. Ruwa da ƙasa kamar yadda ka bushe, cire ruwa daga kwanon rufi bayan gurasa. A cikin hunturu, injin yana da amfani don yaduwa da ruwa mai dumi, watering a wannan lokacin na shekara ya kamata ya zama matsakaici.
Yadda za a ciyar da feijoa?
Wani yanayi na girma dakin feijoa - yana ɗauke da takin gargajiya. Yana da mahimmanci don yin wannan a cikin lokacin flowering da 'ya'yan itace. A cikin shekara guda, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itace daga feijoa subtropics kowace kwanaki 15, tare da phosphorus, nitrogen da potassium. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da taki da ruwa a cikin kashi 1:10, da kuma superphosphate da tashi ash. Kafin kowane abinci, ana shayar da shuka tare da ruwa mai ma'ana.
Yadda ake kula da feijoa?
Ga ƙwayar feijoa, kulawa ma yana da mahimmanci a bangaren ɓangaren haske da kuma lura da wani tsarin mulki. A lokacin rani, zaka iya ajiye tuban tare da flower a kan baranda, inda za'a kiyaye zazzabi a + 30 ° C. Zai fi kyau don kauce wa hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin hunturu akwai yanayin raguwa a ci gaba da shuka, don haka yana buƙatar hutawa. Ya kamata a rage yawan zazzabi zuwa 14 ° C.
Idan ana so, yana yiwuwa don samar da fararen pruning. Saboda wannan, a farkon shekara, duk mai tushe mai tushe an yanke shi a 30-45 cm daga tushe. Wannan ya haifar da kwarangwal kuma ya kawar da ci gaba maras muhimmanci a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren daji. A cikin shekaru 2-3 a gefen gefe an kafa su a sama da kara. An yanke su a nesa na 30-40 cm daga juna a cikin nau'i na karkace. Harsunan su rabuwa daga gangar jikin dole ne 45-60 °, tsakanin rassan - 90-120 °. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, rassan pruning da kuma cire na busassun da raunana harbe suna da za'ayi.
Feijoa - haifuwa
Propagate wani 'ya'yan itace da ake kira feijoa yafi cuttings ko tushen harbe. A lokacin da cututtuka, kana buƙatar samun mahaifiyar mama feijoa ko kuma kai babban ɓangaren kambi, cire dukkan ganye daga gare ta, barin haɗin kai kawai kuma sanya a cikin maganin heteroauxin na tsawon sa'o'i 16. Bayan haka, za ku iya shigo da shi a cikin cakuda humus da yashi zuwa zurfin zurfin, ya bar kashi uku na cuttings a farfajiyar.
Girma feijoa a gida daga tushe ma sauƙi. An yi amfani da wannan hanya a kalla sau da yawa kamar yadda cututtuka. Samun harbe kawai - feijoa tana nufin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire wanda ke ba da tushe mai yawa, wanda dole ne a cire shi har abada. Za'a iya amfani da wani ɓangare daga ciki don haifuwa. Saboda wannan, a lokacin da aka dasa shukin shuka, kana buƙatar ka rarraba matakai.