Daga cikin kayan lambu na Cruciferae iyali kusan dukkanin jinsin suna da kyau. Girman farin kabeji ya fi rare fiye da sauran nau'in - rapeseed, radish ko shuka radish. A babban taro na kabeji, tsayayya da sanyi da kuma irin nau'o'in matasan iri iri suna dauke da amfanin wannan kayan lambu.
Shuka farin kabeji
Tun da kabeji yana da kyau, a farkon shekara ta samarda launuka mai launin toka-launin toka tare da santsi mai haske, a kusa da juna. Sanin yadda za a shuka shuki mai kyau don yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa bai isa ba: yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da iri-iri, tsarin shuka, da abun da ke ciki da takin takarda da wasu dalilai. Shiri don dasa ya hada da:
- Cire daji. Kabeji fara shan wahala daga cututtuka idan gadaje a ƙarƙashinsa ba a yayyaɗa shi ba sosai kuma ya yayata weeds. Kusa da su, ƙananan katako ba su ci gaba ba.
- Samar da ƙasa mai dacewa da ƙasa. Dole ne a rufe saman gefen gado tare da loam: ƙwayar fararen kabeji na buƙatar babban abun ciki na humus tare da matakin ƙananan acid ko ma ba tare da su ba.
- Tsarin lokacin sarrafawa na shafin. Bayan girbi kayan lambu na baya, an sassauta ƙasa kuma an yi amfani da ƙananan kayan kayan lemun tsami - alli ko dolomite gari.
Yadda za a shuka farin kabeji seedlings?
Yawancin manoma sun fi son shuka don haifuwa. Babban amfani shi ne damar samun girbi a shekara ta farko, idan an yi amfani da tsaba na farkon iri iri. Shuka fararen kabeji a cikin ƙasa yana da muhimmanci ƙwarai na rage lokacin tsayawar kayan lambu a kan tudu, yayin da ya rage halayen bayyanar rot da sauran cututtuka. Ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:
- Dasa a cikin peat ko tukwane na ƙananan karami. Lokacin da canja wuri zuwa ƙasa, tushen tsarin sauƙi lalacewa, saboda haka za'a iya hana ta ta hana haɓakawa. Ana iya yanke gangar filastik kuma an sanya shi tare da dunƙule mai laushi a cikin tsagi a cikin gado.
- Shiri na rijiyoyin. A cikin gonar suna rike ramukan zurfi ba kasa da minti 10. A cikin kowanne daga cikinsu suna sanya dintsi na humus.
- Disembarkation na seedlings. Don namo fararen kabeji a cikin ƙasa, baza a kara ƙasa ba: an yi watsi da saman Layer tare da busassun ƙasa, idan an so shi, ta hanyar yin amfani da shi tare da sawdust ko needles.
Yadda za a shuka farin kabeji tsaba?
Girman Bezrassadnaya ya ba al'adun kayan lambu muhimmiyar amfani: tushen tsarin da aka kafa ba tare da "danniya" a cikin hanyar dashi ba, saboda haka ya kara yawan rigakafi ga cututtuka da cututtuka. A girma daga cikin m part an dakatar saboda dashi na 10-15 days. Namo fari kabeji tsaba bada shawarar domin wannan shirin:
- Disinfection na tsaba. Kafin dasa shuki, ana shuka tsaba a tsawon sa'o'i 2-3 a cikin wani bayani mai karfi na potassium permanganate don tabbatar da rigakafin rot da "baki kafa".
- Seed shuka. An immersed a cikin ƙasa mai damp na 2-3 cm for 3-4 tsaba da gida, da farko harbe wanda bayyana a ranar 7-9 bayan da shuka.
- Gyaran bayan bayyanar farkon leafyledonous leaf. Idan wani ɓangare na shuka yana da rauni ko ya lalace, an tsage shi daga gado.
Yaya za a shuka shukaccen kabeji?
Kulawa da wani nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama dole domin tushen su ba tare da juna ba, kuma ganyayyaki basu da kamuwa da cututtuka da suke a cikin makwabta. Nisa tsakanin layuka, lura lokacin da dasa shuki na kabeji, ya dogara da nau'ukan da girman kai:
- Kayan kayan toya mai nauyi daga 1 zuwa 2.5 kg - 30 cm;
- Nauyin nauyin nauyi har zuwa 4 kg - 40 cm;
- nauyin nauyi daga 4 kg da sama - 50 cm.
Wurin dasa shuki na farin kabeji
Ya dace da dasa shuki ƙasa, mai arziki a cikin peat ko nitrogen. Ƙasa da ruwa mai tsabta sunyi barazana ga wannan kayan lambu tare da bacteriosis. Ganye na fararen kabeji a ƙasa yana da wadatawa da cewa wadanda suka riga sun kasance - dankali, cucumbers da legumes. Jerin sauran shafukan zaɓi na shafin yana hada da:
- ƙazantar tsabta a cikin ƙasa don sauƙaƙe hanyar shiga iska;
- matsakaicin matakin hasken rana - ba tare da hasken rana ba da inganci mai karfi;
- "Backstage" daga tsire-tsiren tsire-tsire a kan gadaje makwabta;
- wuri a nesa daga itatuwan 'ya'yan itace.
Terms of dasa shuki kabeji
Lokaci na dasa shuki seedlings ko tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai bude ko gine-gine ya dogara da yankin da yanayin hawan dutse. Kabeji ba ya kasance cikin "fara dasa albarkatu", wanda aka canja zuwa wuri na dindindin bayan girma bayan da aka fara farawa. Za a iya dasa shuki da kulawa da farin kabeji saboda yanayin yanayi, amma yana da kyau a daidaita lokacin da aka dasa shuki don waɗannan lokuta:
- yankunan kudancin - a cikin watan Maris na watan Maris;
- Tsakanin tsakiyar shine ranar 25 ga watan Maris;
- yankuna tare da matsananci yanayi - Mayu 1-15.
Shuka farin kabeji a cikin ƙasa
Bayan canja wurin zuwa ƙasa ya kamata a wuce akalla kwanaki 20, don haka zai yiwu a gane abin da seedling ya ba nasara harbe, da kuma abin da - za a durƙusad da. Da kwantar da hankali kwatsam, ana iya rufe harbe da filastik don 1-2 makonni. A matsayin babban asirin girma farin kabeji ana dauke:
- Lokacin ɗaukar hoto . Idan tsire-tsire ba su ci gaba a kan gado ba, suna cire wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ke cikin cututtuka ko ɗaya bisa uku na tushen.
- Ajiyewa bayan ruwan sama. Ƙasa mai ƙasƙantar da ƙasa ya kai zurfin 3-5 cm.
- Ƙuntatawa a ci gaba. An yanke ganyayyaki na kayan lambu na waje don ƙara yawan yawan amfanin gona.
Peculiarities na girma farin kabeji - watering
Bayan canjawa zuwa ƙasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a rana mai zuwa, yana jagorantar rafin ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen. Shuka sprouts na farin kabeji a nan gaba ya ɗauka irin wannan makirci na watering:
- 1-2 makonni bayan disembarkation - kowane 2-3 days;
- 3-4 makonni - 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 5;
- daga watanni 2 - sau ɗaya a mako.
Girman fararen kabeji - saman miya
Yin amfani da takin mai magani na lafiya ya ba da damar ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma hanzarta aiwatar da kayan lambu. Za'a iya samar da taro mai kyau idan kun fara ciyar da kabeji tsawon kwanaki 20 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Cikin cikakkiyar lokacin girma, zai zama wajibi don yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa 3-5 tare da takin mai magani don kara ruwa don ban ruwa. An hada taki mai dacewa don dasa shuki na farin kabeji a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- mullein ;
- superphosphate ;
- nitrofosca ;
- potassium sulfate;
- ƙwallon kaji.
Kula da farin kabeji a filin bude
Bugu da ƙari, dacewar ban ruwa da haɗuwa, ana buƙatar kabeji da kulawa. Akalla sau ɗaya a wata, an yi amfani da saman lakaran ƙasa da turf ƙasa ko wani matsayi da ash. Bai isa ya fahimci yadda za'a kula da kabeji ba - yana da muhimmanci a kula da yanayinta akai-akai, nazarin ganye da tushen tushen shuka. Idan akwai wajibi don aiwatar da wannan magani, an shirya shirye-shiryen da aka zaɓa tare da ruwa kuma yafa masa ganye.
Cututtuka na kabeji
Kayan lambu yana iya amfani da kayan aikin likita, amma ba a bada shawara don magance shi da sunadaran guba. Wannan ya haifar da yaduwar wasu cututtuka, don haka samfurin bincike na yau da kullum ya zo ne don hana ci gaban kamuwa da cuta a cikin gadaje. Tomawa da kula da fararen kabeji na iya ƙwaƙwalwa cikin lambu tare da daya daga cikin cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Kogin kabeji. Naman gwari yana shafar matasa ganye ko shuke-shuke a cikin greenhouses. Watakila sun iya shuka shuka. A kan tushen kuma bar daga naman gwari bayyana mummuna growths.
- Mafarki mai yalwa. An kuma kira shi peronosporosis - wannan naman gwari yana shafar dukkan nau'o'in kabeji tare da fararen fata da stains na launin launi.
- Fusarium. Girman fararen kabeji sau da yawa yana kare wannan naman gwari, wanda ya zama bayyane ne kawai a lokacin da yanke wani ganye. Naman jikin yana rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa.
- Mutuwar Musa. Tare da kayan aiki mai laushi da kwari, ya shiga cikin nama na kabeji da kuma haifar da canje-canjen da ba a iya canza shi ba. A kan shi yana nuna alamun necrotic, saboda abin da ganye ya bushe kuma ya mutu.
- Black kafa. Tare da tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu yawa ko rashin haske, tushen cervix ya zama duhu kuma ya fi dacewa a cikin tsire-tsire. Young seedlings suna maras kyau kuma fada a kashe.
- White rot. Wannan cututtuka kamar kamuwa ne. Ta rufe kayan kabeji tare da fararen mucous fata tare da "ruffy" shafi.
Kabeji kwari
Bugu da ƙari, cututtuka masu cuta da cututtuka, akwai cututtuka da cututtuka suka haifar. Suna da nau'o'in bayyanar cututtuka: tushen al'adun kayan lambu yana bushewa, ganye suna nuna alamomi da ƙaddarar lalacewa. Sarrafa kwari na kabeji za a iya gudanar da magunguna guda biyu, da kuma shirye-shiryen sana'a da ake kira kwari . A kan gadaje tare da wannan shuka, akwai lokuta da dama kamar:
- Spring kabeji tashi. Cutar da ke tashi a farkon yana rinjayar tushen shuka, sannan sai ya fara cin amfanin gona.
- Kayan kabeji. Kwaro yana haifar da asarar kabeji, saboda caterpillars daga cikin wadannan butterflies suna ciyar da ganye masu m.
- Kabeji aphids. Ƙananan tsire-tsire mai cike da ƙuƙwalwa an kafa shi ne a kan stalk na kabeji, samun ruwan sha da kayan abinci daga gare su.
- Gilashin Cruciferae. Dama cikewar ci gaba, kwari ya fita ta cikin ramuka a jikin ganye.