Tambayar abin da kwayoyin hormones suke, zai iya zuwa gaban mutum bayan da babu ko rashin waɗannan abubuwa masu aiki zasu haifar da sakamakon lafiya. Kafin wannan, 'yan mutane suna tunani game da wadannan mahaukaci, suna cikin jiki ba tare da yawa ba, amma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Menene hormones kuma ina ake kafa su?
Don fahimtar abin da hormones suke a cikin mutane, kana bukatar ka san ma'anar su da tsarawa. Wadannan sunadaran aiki masu ilimin halitta waɗanda aka samar a cikin ƙananan yawa, amma wannan ya isa ga sakamakon da aka so. Wadannan abubuwa ba su dadewa ba, suna da tsari da tsarin mai juyayi da sauran mahaɗin aiki, wanda, idan ya cancanta, ta ƙarfafa ko rage aikin su.
Ana yawan adadin hormones a cikin gabobin musamman - glanders na ciki ko ɓoye mai raɗaɗi. Tare da duk wannan shi ne tsarin da ya dace. Bugu da ƙari, ana haifar da hormones daga hanta, kodan, filami, GIT, kitsoyin mai. Hormonal gland:
- thyroid gland shine giya, parathyroid gland shine giya , adrenal gland, pituitary gland shine ƙwayoyin cuta, epiphysis, hypothalamus, thymus (thymus gland shine) - na ciki mugunta;
- pancreas , gonads (gwaje-gwaje, ovaries) - raye-raye mai raɗaɗi.
Menene hormones - nau'o'in sunadaran sunadarai:
- samfurin amino acid (adrenaline, norepinephrine);
- ƙayyade na polyunsaturated fatty acid (prostaglandins);
- peptides ( insulin , girma hormone);
- steroids (cortisol).
Menene hormones, yaya suke aiki?
An tsara mugunta domin tsara tsarin tafiyar da jiki - ana iya kwatanta shi da maɓallan da ke motsawa ta hanyar tsarin sigina kuma "buɗe kofofin" - kunna ayyukan. Abin da aikin ke aiki a wannan ko wannan hanya ya dogara da "ƙwarewa" da adadin abu. Ba tare da dalili da kalmar Helenanci "hormone" an fassara shi a matsayin "sa" ko "tayi murna".
Mene ne sakamakon sakamako na hormonal:
- samar da ma'auni a jiki;
- ƙarfafa ko hana wani aiki na jiki - misali, rigakafi, ci gaban tsokoki da kasusuwa;
- sarrafawa da tsari na tafiyar matakai - misali, metabolism, tsufa, tafarkin ciki da haihuwa;
- tasiri a kan tunanin tunanin;
- shirye-shirye na jiki don yanayi marar kyau - balaga, ciki;
- tsari na jima'i, ci;
- motsawa ko rage yawan mutuwar mutum.
Hanyoyin hormones na ci gaba da rinjayewa da dama daga cikin abubuwan waje da na ciki:
- yanayin tunanin;
- lafiyar jiki;
- Magunguna masu ciwon sukari;
- raunuka daga cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya;
- kiba ko rashin nauyin nauyi;
- yanayin yanayi;
- yanayi;
- damuwa;
- shekaru;
- miyagun halaye - shan taba, shan barasa, magunguna;
- mata - a kowanne wata, zagaye, mazauni, lokacin bazara.
Hormones na adrenal gland
Glandan da ke cikin jiki sune nau'i ne wanda ke sama da kodan. Kwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke ciki a cikin gland, yana haifar da hormones na damuwa - adrenaline da norepinephrine. Ayyukansu shine don ƙara yawan ƙwayar zuciya, ƙara yawan karfin jini, ƙara yawan ƙarfin hali. Kwayar da ke cikin jiki ta samar da kungiyoyi masu yawa da ke da alhakin wurare da dama:
- mineralocorticoids - asirin sirri na wannan rukuni ya shiga cikin tsarin siginal - aldosterone - ya tsara gwargwadon ruwa-gishiri;
- glucocorticoids - tsara tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa, haɗakarwarsu ta haifar da kiba, ci gaba da ciwon sukari, ciki na ciki;
- androgens da estrogens - alhakin balaga, shirye-shiryen ciki da haihuwa a cikin mata, da samuwar spermatozoa a cikin maza.
Pituitary Hormones
Glanden gwal shine karamin gland, wanda ya kasance a cikin wake. Mene ne hormones na pituitary abu ne mai aiki wanda ya fito daga baya ko baya na kwakwalwa, wanda ke da alhakin mafi yawan ayyuka masu muhimmanci na jiki ta hanyar yin gyaran aiki na wasu ƙuƙwalwa masu yawa. Bayanin baya na kwarjin gizon sinadarai, wanda ke da alhakin sabuntawa cikin mahaifa a lokacin aiki, samar da madara, da kuma zubar da ciki, da sarrafawa diuresis.
Hanyoyin hormone (tsohuwar lobe) na somatotropin rinjayar ci gaban kasusuwa, tsokoki da gabobin. Melanostimulating hormone - alhakin fata pigmentation, metabolism, lactation. Bugu da ƙari, maɓallin gwargwadon ƙwayar cuta na baya wanda ke da alhakin:
- motsa jiki na adrenal, thyroid da jima'i gland;
- daidaitaccen ruwa;
- ƙaddamar da nama da ƙwaƙwalwarsa.
Hormones daga hypothalamus
Hypothalamus shine tsakiyar glandon tsarin endocrine wanda yake a gindin kwakwalwa. Hormones daga cikin hypothalamus suna da tasiri a kai tsaye a kan pituitary: statins rage aikinsa, 'yanci - ƙarfafa. A sakamakon haka, wadannan asirin sun shafi tasirin gwiwar thyroid, adrenal gland, da jima'i gland. Bugu da kari, hypothalamus yana haifar da hormones oxytocin da vasopressin. Ayyukan wasu hormones na hypothalamus ba a bayyana ba.
Hormones na pancreas
Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar jikin abu ne mai ɓoye wanda yake cikin wuri mai zurfi. Bugu da ƙari ga mugunta, ɓarna tana ɓoye enzyme mai narkewa, wanda wajibi ne don ragewar abinci a ciki. Babban hawaye na pancreas:
- insulin - ya tsara matakin glucose, sarrafa tsarin tafiyar da rarraba da rarraba tsakanin kyallen takalma da gabobin jiki, da rashin hormone zai iya zama dalilin ciwon sukari;
- c-peptide - daukan ɓangare a cikin carbohydrate metabolism, idan wannan hormone ya raunana, ciwon sukari zai iya ci gaba;
- glucagon - yaduwa lipids, yana inganta karuwa a glucose a cikin jini, normalizes cholesterol, stimulates hanta kai waraka, ƙãra jini hepatic jini;
- somatostatin - ya hana samar da wasu kwayoyin hormones, alal misali, insulin, somatotropin, inhibits da samuwar enzymes digestive.
Thyroid gland hormones
Thyroid (sunan kasa da kasa - thyroid) ƙarfe - wani kwaya wanda yake da hannu a cikin tsari da daidaitattun hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin dukkanin jikin mutum. An kira shi "babban violin" a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗaɗa na sigina na yanayi daban-daban a jiki. Lokacin da aka tambayi abin da ake kira hormones na thyroid, zaka iya amsawa a cikin kalma daya - wannan shine rayuwa, ba tare da su aikin jiki ba zai yiwu ba.
An kirkiro glandon maganin karoid daga likitoci da suka rayu da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce, kuma sun rigaya sun lura da girman girman da ake yi akan adadin aidin. Bugu da ƙari, girman da lafiyar jiki ya dogara ne akan shekarun, jima'i, sauyin yanayi, wurin zama, abincin abinci, kasancewa ko rashin mummunan halaye, raya rediyo, da kuma amfani da wasu magunguna.
Babban halayen glandon thyroid shine triiodothyronine (yana dauke da kwayoyin 3) da tetraiodothyronine ko thyroxine (ya ƙunshi kwayoyin iodine 4), an rage su kamar T3 da T4. A cikin jiki, T4 ya koma T3, wanda shine mafi alhakin aiwatar da matakai na rayuwa. Tare da aidin rage cin abinci, da kira na hormones thyroid ceases. Bugu da ƙari, ana bukatar Idinin don samuwar wasu abubuwa masu muhimmanci - dopamine, adrenaline. Ana samar da hormones na thyroid ne daga hypothalamus da glandon kwakwalwa, kazalika da kwakwalwa.
A sakamakon hormones na thyroid gland shine gland shine:
- ƙara yawan zafin jiki na jiki;
- farawa na kira na kwayoyin Kwayoyin don gina sabon kwayoyin halitta;
- kula da ci gaban jiki, balaga da ci gaba da tsarin tausayi da kwakwalwa;
- haɓaka tsarin tafiyar rayuwa, karuwar glucose saboda samuwa daga amino acid da ƙwayoyin cuta;
- shigar da mai mai kona daga kayan ado;
- da samuwar kwayoyin jini - erythrocytes.
Harshen parathyroid
Glanden parathyroid yana da bayan ciwon sanyi, kuma yana kunshe da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i na jikin jiki - daga 2 zuwa 6. Hanyoyin hormones na Parathyroid suna da alhakin metabolism (parathyroid hormone) da kuma maida hankali cikin jinin calcium (parathyroid hormone). Glanden parathyroid yana da masu karɓa, tare da ragewa a matakin calcium da ke motsa sakin parathyroid hormone, kuma yana kara inganta karfin nauyin a cikin jini kuma yana jinkirta saurin janyewa da fitsari.
Hormones na gonads
Harkokin jima'i na namiji da na mace sun ƙayyade dukan yankunan da ke haifa da haihuwa: balaga, samar da spermatozoa da qwai, ciki, lactation da sauransu. Estrogens da androgens ana samar da su ta hanyar irin kwayoyin halitta, amma bambanta ƙwarai a cikin aiki. Menene hormones a cikin mata da kuma rawar da suka taka wajen kafa mace:
- A ƙarƙashin rinjayar hormones na pituitary a lokacin balaga, 'yan mata suna fara ci gaban estrogen da progesterone.
- Harkokin mace suna haifar da ci gaba da halayen jima'i na biyu da kuma farawar haila, shirya jiki ta mace don ciki da haihuwa.
Mene ne halayen namiji da kuma rawar da suke cikin jikin namiji:
- A ƙarƙashin rinjayar glandar a lokacin balaga, yara sukan fara samar da hormones, wanda babban abu shine testosterone.
- Hanyoyin jima'i suna haifar da ci gaba da halayen jima'i na maza - ci gaba da jiki kamar yadda namiji yake, muryar murya, ci gaba da al'amuran, girma daga gashi a fuska da jiki, samar da spermatozoa.
Yaya za a ƙayyade matakin hormones?
Don sanin ƙimar mugunta, kana buƙatar tuntuɓar likitancin da zai iya gane rashinsa ko kuma abin da ya dace da kuma daidaitaccen farfadowa. Hanyar mafi kyau da kuma mai araha don gano ainihin halin ku na hakika ya ɗauki gwajin jini don hormones. Don sakamakon haka ya zama daidai, dole ne ku bi umarni na likita kafin gwajin - an dauki wasu fences na samfurori da safe a ciki, wasu - a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Mene ne rashin cin nasara?
Wani lokaci don magance magungunan gwagwarmaya a duniya zai iya zama gazawar hormonal cin zarafin aiki a duk tsarin endocrin. Sakamakon da ya kawo mummunan sakamako yana da rashi da kuma haɗari na hormones. Dalilin wannan shi ne lamarin da yawa, tun lokacin da aka aiwatar da tsarin endocrin shine sakamakon mummunan haɗuwa da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya da endocrin gland.
Hanyoyin cututtuka na hasara na hormonal iya zama:
- mai kaifi ko asarar nauyi;
- canje-canje ga cin abinci da cin abinci;
- rashin haihuwa, rashin nasarar sake zagayowar mata;
- raunin gaba daya, wahala mai tsanani;
- tace tunanin;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
- walwala, ciwon kai, matsalolin tsalle;
- rashin daidaito yanayi, tashin hankali, tearfulness;
- ci gaban gashi;
- haddasawa a cikin aikin gurasar kwayoyi;
- lalata fata da gashi - bayyanar kuraje, dandruff.