Babban rabo ga 'yan adam shine wake, dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mara kyau na tsire-tsire marasa amfani - kyauta mai kyau don yin jari na abinci mai yawan calories, ba mai daraja a cikin abincin nama ba. Noma wannan al'ada ne mai amfani aiki, samun dadi wake, ku simultaneously saturate gonar da nitrogen mahadi.
Yadda za a shirya wake domin dasa?
Kusan dukkanin legumes na ƙaunar ƙarancin haske da ƙasa mai daushi tare da tsaka tsaki ko karamin acid. A kan ƙasashe masu yawa da yumbu da ruwa mai zurfi, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma cikin talauci. Anyi amfani da kasa mai laushi tare da shirye-shirye na nitrogen-potassium phosphate, amma a cikin wannan yanayin yana da kyawawa don yin taka tsantsan. Jirgin da ya wuce hadari yana haifar da ci gaba da tsire-tsire na kore ga amfanin gona. An tambayi masu farawa da tambayoyin, ko ya wajaba don shayar da wake a gaban dasa, wanda ƙudan zuma ba su dace da shuka ba, don haka za mu lissafa manyan matakai na aikin shiryawa.
Shiri na wake don dasa shuki:
- Don seeding, wake lalace ta hanyar grinders, tsaba marasa misali ga wani iri iri, da kuma waxanda suke da cuta abu ba su dace.
- Sanya da wake kafin dasa shuki da kuma barin a cikin ƙasa, mun inganta girman bayyanar kwayoyin cuta. Ana sanya wake cikin narke ruwa na dare daya (har zuwa 15).
- A tsakar rana na shuka, zaka iya sarrafa wake tare da microfertilizers da boric acid. Ɗauki 2 g ammonium molybdate da 2 g na acid acid, ya narke su a cikin guga na ruwa da zafi da ruwa zuwa zafin jiki na 40 ° C. A cikin shirye-shiryen da aka karɓa muna nutsad da tsaba na tsawon minti 5 a farfajiya na dasa. Abin da yake kyau game da wake da aka shirya a cikin wannan abun da ke ciki shine dasawa da kulawa da wake a cikin ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen kwari kuma yana ƙara yawan tsinkayen kwayoyin.
Shuka wake a cikin ƙasa
Yawancin al'adun nan sun kasu kashi biyu da daji, dangane da wannan, dasa shuki a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa bude kuma kula da shuka zai iya zama dan kadan. Kwayoyin shrub suna girma zuwa 0.4-0.6 m a tsawo. Suna dace da hanyar da ake amfani da su don samar da kayan lambu, ba tare da amfani ba. Girman nau'o'in ci gaba mai girma suna kama da inabi, cakuda suna girma fiye da 2 m kuma suna buƙatar garter a kan trellis. Giant Vigna wake ne babba a cikin girman, da kuma pods har zuwa 50 cm tsawo girma a kan 5-mita-high bushes.
Shuka wake a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba
A cikin shari'ar, yadda za a dasa kiban a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba, kana buƙatar la'akari da tsayin sanyi na wannan shuka. Hoto daga gare shi ya bayyana a rana ta biyar da ƙananan frosts na iya halakar da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na ci gaban shine daga 20 ° C zuwa 25 ° C. Abin da ke da mummunar tasiri a kan wake - dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi a yanayin sanyi, tare da barazanar sanyayawa yana da kyawawa don rufe rassan mai da agrofiber. Nan da nan bayan dasa tsaba a cikin gado, ana kara ƙasa da manyan rollers don kiyaye ruwan haɗi da inganta cigaba.
Dasa seedlings na wake a cikin ƙasa bude
Ana amfani da wannan hanya a arewacin yankunan da kuma noma iri iri, daidai dasa bishiyoyin wake a cikin hanyar shuka su taimaka wajen samun amfanin gona mai yawa. Ana yin noma da burodin wake bayan sunyi cikin tukwane kwana 30 kafin a shirya lokacin dasawa a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin da yake tsirowa, an ajiye seedlings a cikin greenhouses a 23-25 ° C, kafin a dasa su a kan gadaje, an rage yawan zazzabi zuwa 16 ° C. A cikin ƙasa mai bude mun canja ƙananan harbe bayan farawa mai zafi, saka su cikin ƙasa 3cm a kasa da abin da suke cikin tukwane.
Zurfin wake-wake
Lissafin dokoki na musamman don dasa shuki, ba za ku iya rasa irin wannan muhimmiyar factor kamar zurfin wake a makale a cikin ƙasa ba. Zai iya dogara ne akan tsarin da zafi na ƙasa a kan gado, yanayin yanayi. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine dasa shuki tsaba a zurfin 4-5 cm Idan ruwan zafi ya bushe kuma kasar gona bushe ne, to, zurfin nesa zuwa ƙasa ƙasa ya karu zuwa kimanin 7 cm.
Tsayar da naman wake
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dasa wake a cikin ƙasa. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsayi a kusa da shinge, kusa da ganuwar, kusa da bishiyoyi da gonaki masu girma. A cikin nests sa har zuwa 5-7 wake, a cikin rashin tallafi na halitta don tarin shuke-shuke gina trellis ko clog da tashe-tashen hankula. A babban gadaje low-girma irin wake suna girma a cikin layuka. Tsakanin bishiyoyi lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude har zuwa 30 cm na sararin samaniya, tsakanin layuka za mu iya kula da nesa na zuwa 40 cm.
Yanayin dasa shuki wake a cikin ƙasa
Matasa harbe na wake suna mutuwa a cikin yanayin sanyi a kan 1 ° C, kuma shrubs tare da tsire-tsire marasa tsayi zasu iya jure wa farkon sanyi har zuwa 4 ° C. A game da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, babu wanda ya yarda ya yi rush. An shuka masu shuka shuka masu zafi a cikin iska bayan sun wuce barazanar sanyi. Ga yankuna daban-daban wannan lokaci ba daidai ba ne, saboda haka yanayin yanayi da yanayin gida suna shiryar da mu. A cikin Ukraine da kuma yankunan kudancin Rasha, ana yin aikin shuka daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Mayu.
Kula da wake
Babu wahala mai yawa a kula da wake, duk halayen da ake girma suna rage zuwa kaucewar weeds, cire kayan ƙasa, shayarwa da shuke-shuke. Idan ana buƙata, yana yiwuwa don ƙarfafa ƙaddamar da ƙananan bishiyoyi, ƙaddamar da matakai na tushe. Tsuntsaye yana sa ciyawar kwari, yana taimakawa wajen riƙe dashi. An fara yin gyaran ƙasa a lokacin da tsire-tsire ta kai ga tsawo na 1 cm, mun samar a cikin duka har zuwa 6 ya rabu da kakar har sai layuka sun rufe gaba daya.
Girma mafi kyau na wake a cikin ƙasa
A cikin tambaya mai mahimmanci, yadda za a yi girma da wake a fili, kana buƙatar ka mai da hankali game da ciyar. Rigar iska a cikin kulawa yana haifar da karfi mai girma na foliage da ragewa a cikin samuwar kwasfa. A cikin fall, an watsa takin a kan gadaje tare da shirye-shirye na potassium-phosphoric. A lokacin bazara, ba za a iya gabatar da takin mai magani ba bayan kwanaki 14 kafin dasa. A kan meter mita ana ba da gadaje zuwa 8 kilogiram na takin, 20 g na superphosphate da 25 g da takin mai magani. Lokacin da buds ya bayyana, ƙara zuwa 40 g na superphosphate kuma har zuwa 15 g na potassium gishiri. A lokacin girkewar kwalaye, za ka iya kare kanka zuwa topping tare da itace ash.
Girma na wake a bude ƙasa - watering
Don yawan amfanin wake, yanayin girma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, rikitarwa yana haifar da ci gaban ganye, kuma a cikin fari ya sauke ovary. A cikin zafi har zuwa bayyanar da farko buds, da gadaje suna moistened tare da matsakaici doshin sau ɗaya a mako. Adadin ruwan ya dogara da yanayin da tsarin ƙasa, har zuwa 20 l / m 2 a kowace mako. Kimanin kwanaki bakwai kafin flowering, an dakatar da ruwa, sai dai ga tsawon lokaci, lokaci mai dadi. Bayan bayyanar kwasfan farko, za mu shayar da dasa bishin wake a cikin ƙasa ta ƙasa tare da ƙananan mita, ba kyale barin bushewa na gado a cikin kulawa ba.
Cututtuka da kwari da wake
Wannan al'ada yana da yawan kwari da cututtuka da zasu iya rage yawan amfanin wake. Cutar cututtuka da kulawa da su na yau da kullum suna da muhimmanci ga kowane kayan lambu. A rawaya launin launi, bayyanar launi maras fahimta, kasancewar cin nama, za mu iya magana game da kamuwa da cuta ta shafin tare da fungi ko kwari masu cutarwa. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da matsaloli masu yawa, wanda ya kamata a ba da hankali sosai a lokacin da yake girma a ƙasa:
- Anthracnose. Kwayar cutar tana haifar da samuwar nau'i na nau'i na bakin ciki, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, yellowing da mutuwar ganye. Gwanan ya canza siffar, an rufe shi da datti mai laushi, ulcers.
- Mosaic hoto na bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Rashin kamuwa da cutar aphids yana dauke da shi, ganye tare da cutar canza launi, ya zama bambance-bambancen, wrinkled. Lokacin da aka girbe shi da mosaic wake, a lokacin da girma a cikin ƙasa bude, ya girma talauci, lags a baya da makwabta, da yawanci na bushes ragewa.
- Farin wake na wake. Lokacin da aka gano cututtuka na lakabi da kuma ganye, canji a launi. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna lalace kuma suna mutuwa.
- Fitaccen man shanu na wake. A kulawa na waje, an gano wannan kamuwa da cuta mai hatsari, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar babban yawan shuka. A farkon fararen fata an kafa, to, tsire-tsire suna juya launin rawaya kuma ya bushe.
Rigakafin da kariya daga cututtukan wake:
- Kada ku yi tsire-tsire, ku tabbatar da tsire-tsire a cikin kulawar samun iska.
- An cire tsire-tsire marasa lafiya.
- Ganyoyin daji suna taimakawa wajen yaduwar cututtuka, cire su daga gado a dace.
- Yi amfani da shi wajen shuka tsaba mai kyau.
- Ganye iri kafin shuka ya rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta.
- Kula da juyayin noma a fili.
- Anthracnose da kuma farin rot suna ci da Bordeaux ruwa da wasu jan karfe-dauke da shirye-shirye.
- A cikin yaki da mosaic taimaka farkon dasa wake, m matakan da yaduwar aphids.
- An kashe man fetur a cikin wargazawa tare da shirye-shirye na sulfur.
Mafi hatsari kwari na wake ne hatsi, sprouts da slugs. A lokacin da dasa shuki, duba hatsi, ban da shuka abincin da ya kamu. A kula da kwari suna amfani da maganin gadaje "Decis", "Metaphos", wasu kwari . Idan aka samo slugs, an yayyafa kasa da toka ko superphosphate, ƙwayoyin ciyawa da ƙwayoyin tumatir suna farfado da cutar. Za ka iya shigar da baits a cikin nau'i na kwalaye filastik filastik da ke cike da giya, a koyaushe suna kwance su daga ruwan kwari.