Narcotic analgesics

Magunguna sune ƙungiyar magunguna da ke da ikon ragewa ko kawar da jin zafi. Ta wurin yanayin su, ilimin kwayoyin halitta da cututtuka akan jiki, analgesics sun kasu kashi biyu: narcotic da non narcotic.

Narcotic da kuma marasa narcotic kwayoyi

Magunguna marasa narcotic sun hada da:

1. Shirye-shirye dangane da salicylic acid: aspirin, sodium salicylate.
2. Shirye-shirye dangane da pyrazolone: ​​analge, amidopyrine, butadione.
3. Shirye-shirye dangane da aniline: paracetamol, panadol, phenacetin.
4. Shirye-shirye dangane da alkanoic acid: diclofenac sodium, brufen.
5. Wasu: natrofen, piroxicam, dimexide, chlorotazole.

Magungunan Narcotic:

1. Tincture da kuma cire daga opium.
2. Alkaloids na opium: shirye-shirye da ke dauke da morphine da codeine.
3. Maman alamomi kamar morphine: ethylmorphine, hydrocodone, da dai sauransu.
4. Sauye-sauye na maye gurbin morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

Pharmacology na narcotic analgesics

Yawancin waɗannan analgesics sune kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin roba ko alamomi kamar na morphine. Dangane da tsari, su ne ko dai masu tayar da hankali ko masu tsauraran ra'ayi-wadanda suka saba wa masu karɓa na marasa lafiya (opioid).

1. Agonists: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, levorphanol, oxycodone.
2. Abonists masu hankali: codeine, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
3. Magungunan antagonist : buprenorphine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, nalorphine (shirye-shiryen haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe ne masu tsauraran zuciya ko masu tsauraran nau'in nau'i na nau'in mai karba da masu tayar da hankali ga wasu, wanda zai rage haɗarin numfashi na numfashi, cututtuka na ciki da sauran illa).
4. Antagonists: naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene.

Ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a cikin jerin ba ta koma ga magungunan narcotic ba, amma masu tsaurin ra'ayi suna da dukiyoyi don toshe tasiri na analgesics narcotic. An yi amfani da su a cikin ƙwayoyin maganin narcotic don magance sakamakon su.

Effects a jiki

Don maganin analgesics, wadannan kayan halayen suna halayyar:

1. Yayinda yake da karfi, wanda ya ba su damar amfani da su saboda raunuka da cututtuka tare da ciwo mai tsanani.
2. Rashin tasiri a kan tsarin da ke cikin tsakiya, wanda yake nunawa a cikin karfi mai karfi, da kuma haifar da kwakwalwa ta jiki da ta jiki tare da shiga cikin lokaci mai tsawo.
3. Ana fitar da ciwon rashin lafiya a cikin mutane tare da ci gaba da dogara.

Magungunan Pharmacological irin wannan kwayoyi, baya ga sakamako mai tsauraran ra'ayi, sune damuwa, numfashi na numfashi da kuma tarihin tari, ƙarfafa sautin mafitsara da kuma hanji. Hakanan zasu iya haifar da tashin hankali, zubar da ciki, tashin hankali daga tsarin tsakiya mai dorewa (hallucinations) da sauran sakamako masu illa.

Tsarin aikin

Magungunan wannan rukuni suna da tasiri a kan ɓangaren ƙwayar kwakwalwa, wanda ke da alhakin ƙwaƙwalwa na tunani, wanda ya ɓad da ƙwaƙwalwar tunani da tunanin mutum na ciwo, ya hana tsoron da ya sa. Ƙara yawan samar da endorphins, waxanda suke da maganin agonists mai zafi (watau kashe su), wanda zai haifar da hani da rage yawan ciwo. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar miyagun ƙwayoyi, cibiyoyin jin dadi da farin ciki suna aiki a cikin kwakwalwa, jinin haske, haɓaka, ƙwaƙwarar kirki, wadda take haifar da farfadowa ta tunani.