Pear Lada - halaye na iri-iri, asirin girbi mai kyau

An fara cin nama na farko a Lada ta hanyar tsallaka iri guda biyu - Olga da Lesnaya Bela da shayarwa a Rasha a 1993. An samu nasarar samo tushen a duk fadin kasarmu. Kyakkyawan halaye na iri-iri: juriya ga cututtuka (musamman ga scab) da sanyi, sauƙi na kulawa, tsawon lokaci daga itacen, unpretentiousness ga ƙasa.

Halaye na pear Lada

Al'adu na nufin sabbin kayan amfanin gona da wuri. Pear Lada - cikakken bayani game da iri-iri:

Itacen itace matsakaici, yawancin rassan ƙananan ne;
Rashin ɓangare na gangar jikin shi ne launin toka, da harbe suna da launin ruwan kasa, ya bambanta da wani ƙarami;
bar - m-elongated, matte, m a waje, mai lankwasa tare da tsakiya tsakiya, gefen dan kadan serrate;
furanni tare da girasa mai siffar corymb - tare da 5-7 rosettes na matsakaici launi launi;
'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar siffofi, mai santsi, fuskar fata. Launi na 'ya'yan itace shine rawaya mai launin rawaya tare da ƙananan launin baƙin ciki;
Jiki yana launi a launin fari mai launin fari, yana da dadi mai ban sha'awa, m da m.

Yaushe ne pear fara fara 'ya'ya?

Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da al'adun ke da ita shine yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma ci gaba da bunkasa itacen. A wace shekara ne pear ya kai 'ya'yan itace Lada:

seedling fara kawo cikakken amfanin gona na 3-4 shekaru bayan saukar da shi a kan wani wuri m;
itacen zai nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa bayan shekaru 7-8.

Pear Lada - sharuddan maturation

An dauke jinsunan da wuri, lokacin da pear fructifies Lada - farkon ko tsakiyar watan Agusta, wato, maimakon sauran nau'in. Ba su gushe ba kuma suna rataye na tsawon lokaci a kan rassan, amma babu buƙatar ta daina girbin, in ba haka ba zai rasa dandano. Bayan girbi 'ya'yan itace an adana lokacin ƙayyadadden lokaci - kimanin 55-65 days a zafin jiki na 0 ° C. Abubuwan rashin amfani na sa sun haɗa da rashin ƙarfi ga harkokin sufuri.

Pear Lada - yawan aiki

Garden pear Lada a cikin bayanin ne halin high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Idan kana kula da itacen, to, ɗayan zai iya samun kilo 45-50 na pears - 10-15 buckets na 'ya'yan itace domin 100-150 g. A kan bishiyar da aka rarraba su a ko'ina, a saman saman' ya'yan itatuwa zasu iya kai nauyin 200 g. Lada - Hardy Hardy, ba tare da Ginin yana fuskantar sanyi, yawan amfanin ƙasa na yau da kullum. Kyakkyawan iri iri iri ne na haihuwa, ana iya girma a kananan ƙananan wurare guda ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, yawan amfanin itacen bai rasa ba.

Pear Lada - tsayi na wani itacen girma

Wannan gonar lambu itace sham, yana da matsakaicin matsakaici. A al'ada, tsayin Lada pear shine 2.5-3 m. Rashin kambi kafin cinyewa (har zuwa shekaru 3) yana da siffar sigar, bayan - pyramidal. Kyakkyawan saurin hunturu da rashin wadataccen girma don ba da Lada wani amfani, tare da kulawa da kyau itace zai iya zama har tsawon shekaru 90, ana kiyaye nauyin 'ya'yan itace mai kyau har zuwa 60-70.

Yadda za a shuka wani pear Lada?

Shuka itace a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin kaka ko farkon spring bayan sanyi. Mafi kyaun lambun Lada zai zama kudancin gonar gonar ba tare da iskar iska ba tare da iskar rana. Itacen itace mara kyau ga ƙasa, yana da kyau dacewa ga chernozem ko ƙasa mai laushi. A kansu, al'ada za ta samar da girbi mai kyau. Idan shafin yana cike da yumbu, an kara shi da peat da kogin yashi.

Don dasa shuki a watan Agustan, an yi amfani da mãkirci tare da kilogram 7 na takin, 50 g na superphosphate, 25 g na potassium a gishiri 1 m ² . Sa'an nan an haƙa zuwa zurfin sponge bayonet. Ana gudanar da saukarwa daga ƙarshen Satumba. Makonni biyu kafin shi, rami da diamita na 1.3 m da zurfin 80 cm an shirya, wanda ya cika da cakuda ƙasa tare da takin mai magani: 200 g na azofosca, 10 kilogiram na takin, 600 g na ash, 700 g na dolomite. Distance tsakanin mazaunin - 1-2 m.

Don dasa shuki, an kafa rami mai tushe da kuma hadu a kaka. Ana aiwatar da hanya don shayarwa har sai Mayu, har sai buds sun bayyana, don haka tsire-tsire yana da lokacin da za ta dakatar da kyau kafin hunturu. Shuka pear Lada a cikin bazara:

dace da kiwo ne seedlings 1-2 years old tare da karfi rootlets na 20-25 cm;
daɗin ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓauren bishiyar an yalwa cikin ruwa har tsawon sa'o'i 2 kuma ya shiga cikin zane-zane.
a cikin kafuwar rami wani rami an yi tare da diamita of 1 m da zurfin 70 cm;
Zuwa ƙananan qwai 10 suna cinyewa, wanda zai samar da abinci ga itace a farkon shekara ta rayuwa;
An kafa fatar katako a tsakiyar;
an saukar da seedling a cikin rami, ƙuƙwalwar wuyansa ya kasance a mataki na 6 cm a saman matakin ramin;
lokacin da dasa shuki, an dasa bishiyar dashi har ƙasa ta ajiye;
Tushen ya yadu kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, an ragu da matsi;
kusa da gangar jikin an kafa tudu, don haka wuyan wuyansa ba ya zurfi;
a kusa da seedling yi zagaye rami, wanda zuba 3 buckets na ruwa, ƙasa ne mulched tare da peat ko humus.

Iyaye iri-iri na Lada - kulawa

Kulawa da kyau ga pear na Lada talakawa ne yake dacewa da watering, pruning, ciyarwa. Wasu siffofin namo:

Ita itace tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire kuma baya buƙatar yawan watering, amma ya zama mai yawa. Anyi amfani da Humidification a lokacin lokacin fari, kuma a mataki na fruiting. Sa'an nan kuma a bai wa kowannen ƙaramin yarinya buckets na ruwa, mai girma itacen - 4-5. Don ban ruwa shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi rami mai zurfi a kusa da gangar jikin tare da ciwon katako na 20 cm. Ka ba da itace tare da danshi da zurfin sanyi kafin zuwan sanyi, to, tushen tsarin zai bunkasa sosai, kuma seedling zai iya kai hunturu.
Bayan watering, an bada shawara don sassauta ƙasa don cire weeds, halakar da ƙasa ɓawon burodi kuma mayar da samar da oxygen zuwa ga tushen.
A lokacin hunturu, an umarci igiya itace don tsabtace, wanda zai zama kariya daga kwari. Pristruilny da'irar shi ne mafi alhẽri a yayyafa da sawdust.

Trimming pears Lada

Lambar lambu Lada ta tsabtace a cikin bazara a watan Maris har sai ruwan ya kwarara. Yana cire ɓangare na tsofaffin rassan, hanya tana ba ka damar motsa bayyanar sabon kodan. A cikin farkon shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa, an kafa itace tare da kambi na daidaita daidai - a farkon spring 4 rassan karfi sun bar, rage su da tsakiyar tsakiya by 25%. Pear Lada ba shi da lokacin rani pruning. A nan gaba, a lokacin bazara da kaka, kulawa ya kunshi cire lalacewa, kamuwa da cutar, rassan rassan daji, tsohuwar, busassun busassun, yawanya kambi. Sassan da diamita na fiye da 1.5 cm ana bi da su da lambun miya .

Pear Lada - pollination

Lambar lambu Lada tana nufin jinsuna masu haɓakaccen jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa don ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itace da dandano' ya'yan itace kusa da shi, kana buƙatar shuka wasu iri. Babban mahimmanci na zaɓi shine daidaituwa na lokacin flowering da girman kambi. Waɗannan sharuɗɗa sun sa ya yiwu kada a rage yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda shading wasu tsire-tsire ta wasu. Pear Lada - mafi kyaun pollinators: Severyanka, Chizhovskaya, Cosmic, Rogneda. Suna da karamin ƙananan ƙananan. Nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi ya zama m 4. Domin yadda za a yi watsi da shi, togi biyar na Lada iri zasu isa ga daya pollinator.

Coar-shaped pear Lada - taki

Wani fasali na wannan iri-iri shine babban halayensa ga rashin abinci. Idan babu ingancin hawan kai mai kyau, itace zai fara raunana, zai iya yin rashin lafiya kuma yana da wahala ga hunturu. Tare da 2 ko 3 shekaru na rayuwa da seedling fara takin. Pear Lada - bayanin abinci:

Mataki na farko an yi a cikin bazara bayan kafa yanayin bushe yayin kumburi da kodan. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da kwayoyin: 90 g na carbamide (ko mai kaza) don lita 7 na ruwa, an zuba itacen a cikin da'ira tare da 2-3 buckets na abun da ke ciki.
Bayan flowering, ana iya hadu da seedling tare da 3 buckets na nitroammophoska diluted da ruwa 1: 200.
A lokacin rani, a lokacin da aka samo 'ya'yan itatuwa a ƙarƙashin akwati, an gabatar da wata mullein ko slurry, tare da ruwa tare da ruwa 1: 6. Kasuwancin kuɗi ne 2 buckets kowace itace.
A lokacin kaka, lokacin da duk fadin ya tafi, sun shirya na uku abinci: 15 g na potassium chloride da 35 g na superphosphate ana bred a lita 10 na ruwa. Wani ɓangare na abun da ke ciki shine isa ga takin gargajiya 1 m ^{2 na} mãkirci. A karkashin digging, 140 g ash / m ² za a iya kara.

Pear Lada - Cututtuka

Kayan lambu na Lada yana nuna juriya ga scab, ƙwayar kwayan cuta da sauran cututtuka. Amma tare da ba daidai ba kula kuma ta iya samun rashin lafiya. Alal misali, idan kullun Lada ba ta yi fure ba, to lallai ba shi da kayan abinci ko ƙimar su kuma raga ya rabu. Wani dalili na rashin 'ya'yan itace ne kwari da cututtuka . Mafi yawan su shine:

Brown tabo. An rufe ganye a ja tan. Don magani, an cire rassan da aka lalace, an haƙa ƙasa. A matsayin rigakafi a cikin bazara, ana kula da itacen tare da cakuda Bordeaux 3% kafin flowering. Bayan faduwar dabbar, an yi amfani da shirye-shirye na jan ƙarfe - Champion, Meteor.
Mafarki mai yalwa. Naman gwari, ya rufe jikin da ke bishiyoyi, dabbar dabbar ta fadi. A kan ganye akwai murfin haske, wanda a lokaci ya wuce cikin dots duhu. Don yakin da kake buƙatar colloidal sulfur - 25 g / 10 lita na ruwa. Don rigakafi kafin flowering, ana kula da itace tare da fungicide da ake kira Fundazol.
Rust. Yana bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da foliage, bayan faduwar kore taro dole ne a lalata. Ana bi da itace tare da urea, ta narke 700 grams na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Hawthorn. Caterpillar, lalata da ovary da foliage. An lalata itacen da aka shafa tare da Carbophos.
Aphids, pear alewa. Yana lalatar da ganyayyaki, harbe, tsokar da tsire-tsire daga tsire-tsire, ƙananan ovaries suna fadowa. A lokacin bazara, ana bi da itace tare da Nitrofen - 200 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi da lita 10 na ruwa.