Samar da tumatir a kan seedling ita ce mafi kyawun hanyar shuka iri

Hanyar zuwa rana mai daɗin ƙanshi da iska daga tumatir mai shuka daga gonarka ya fara da dasa shuki tumatir akan tsirrai. An zaba domin zaɓin lokacin shuka, hatsi mai kyau, ƙasa mai gina jiki da ƙaunar shuke-shuke zai zama garantin kyakkyawan girbin tumatir.

Dasa tumatir tsaba a kan seedlings

Namo na tumatir seedlings kunshi da dama matakai. Zalunci a kan kowane daga cikinsu zai iya zama idan ba mutuwa ga amfanin gona ba, to, zai haifar da mummunar ɓarna. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a bi duk dokokin don dasa shuki tumatir akan seedlings:

1. Zaɓi na tsaba. Lokacin sayen iri-iri yana da daraja bada fifiko zuwa tumatir, zoned ko tattara a cikin gari tare da yanayin yanayin damuwa. Daga nau'in kayan ku na tarin ku, dole ne ku karyata duk abin da ke ciki, ku bar tsaba na ainihin tsari ba tare da lalacewar waje ba.
2. Shiri na tsaba. Taimaka wajen gaggauta inganta germination da kuma kara juriya ga cutar. Ya hada da rarraba, disinfection, hardening da bubbling.
3. Shirya shiri. Shuka tumatir don seedlings za a iya samar da su a cikin duniya da kuma seedlings a hade gine-gine na samar da kansu. A kowane hali, dole ne a kula da ƙasa: gasa a cikin tanda (minti 10-15, 180-200 ° C) ko a cikin microwave (minti 1-2, 850 watts). Bayan haka, an zubar da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate kuma ya bar a dakin dumi na kwanaki 10-12 don haka kwayoyin halitta wajibi ne don tsirrai tumatir na iya ninka cikin ƙasa.
4. Zaɓin ikon. Don dasa tumatir a kan seedlings zai dace da zurfin zurfin (game da 10 cm) na kwantena masu fadi da kyau malalewa.
5. Dole ne yanayin tsare. Don seedlings su ci gaba da zama masu tasowa da kuma rayayye, suna bukatar samar da su da matsanancin zafi, watering watering, haske mai kyau (10-12 hours a rana), hasken rana da yanayin zafi na akalla + 16 ° C da dare da + 25 ° C a rana.

Shiri na tumatir tsaba don dasa shuki a kan seedlings

Don tabbatar da matsanancin fata da kuma karuwa da karfi, magani na tumatir tsaba taimaka kafin dasa shuki a kan seedlings:

1. Raba. Sifts kananan (dried) tsaba. A dafa shi daga 1 tbsp. wani gishiri na gishiri da gilashin ruwan dumi na ruwa yayyafa tsaba, bar na mintina 15, sannan kuma cire duk tsuntsaye akan farfajiya. Sauran an wanke kuma an bushe don ƙarin amfani.
2. Disinfection. A kan nau'in tsaba zai iya zama cututtukan cututtuka don cutar tumatir da cututtuka na fungal. Kashe su ta hanyar yin haka a cikin ɗayan hanyoyi masu zuwa:

• aloe ruwan 'ya'yan itace;
• karfi bayani na potassium permanganate;
• soda bayani;
• "Phytosporin".

Yarda lokaci don tumatir a kan sprouts

Lokaci na dasa shuki tumatir don seedlings an zabi ne akan cewa ya kamata su kasance cikin gonar a shekarun 45-50. An saita shi a kan wannan doka, tumatir za su zama ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa kuma kada su samar da cikakken girbi. A matsakaici, kwanaki masu kyau don dasa shuki tumatir sun fadi a kan:

• 20.02-15.03 ga yankuna kudancin;
• 15.03-01.04 A tsakiyar yankuna.
• 01.04-15.04 ga yankunan arewa.

Tumatir - dasa a kan sprouts, hanyoyi

Tushen tushen tumatir mai sauƙin magance kananan raunuka. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a zabi yadda za a dasa tumatir don seedlings: classic (a cikin seedlings) tare da kara ɗaukarwa, a cikin cassettes, tukwane, kwayoyi na peat da katantanwa. Daidaita dasa bishiyar tumatir don seedlings a cikin hanya na al'ada anyi kamar haka:

1. A cikin furrows (zurfin 1 cm), da tsaba an dage farawa a matakai na 5-7 cm, yafa a saman tare da m ƙasa.
2. An shuka albarkatun gona da wani karamin kwalba da kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumi (+23 ... + 25 ° C).
3. Kafin bayyanar sprouts, ana cike da greenhouse a kowace rana, kuma ana kiyaye ƙasa cikin ruwan sanyi (amma ba rigar) ba.
4. Bayan makonni 1.5-2, an cire tsari, kuma an shayar da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin tushen.

Samar da tumatir a kan seedling a cikin wani cochlea

Alamar mahimmanci ajiye sarari a kan windowsill taimaka dasa shuki tumatir a cikin katantanwa . An samar kamar haka:

1. Gida (polyethylene film ko laminate substrate) an yanka zuwa tube 10 cm fadi da mita 1.5 tsawo.
2. A saman tushe, an ajiye nau'in takarda na bayan gida da kuma tsaftacewa sosai daga bindigogi.
3. Sanya shirye-shiryen tumatir a kan takarda don su kasance 2 cm daga daya daga gefuna na tef kuma 3-5 cm daga juna.
4. An noma albarkatu da wani takarda na takarda da kuma moisturized.
5. An tsara tsari tare da takarda (cochlea), kasan tef ɗin ya samo daga ƙananan gefen tef ɗin (tucked) da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani akwati mai zurfi.
6. Bayan bayyanar sprouts, an cire cochlea kuma an zuba kashin ƙasa a kan takarda sannan sai ya koma wurin asalinsa.
7. A cikin kwanaki 10-14, an karya seedlings a kan kofuna waɗanda aka bari, suna barin seedlings mafi girma a cikin cochlea su yi girma.

Shuka tumatir akan seedlings a cikin kwayoyin kwayoyi

Girma a cikin maɓallin takalmin kwalliya yana kare tushen daga lalacewar kuma yana inganta rayuwar maigida - babu buƙatar ɗaukar da kuma dasawa. Seedlings yi ƙaura cikin ƙasa tare da ganga ( kwamfutar hannu ) da suka girma. Samar da tumatir a cikin nau'in peat kamar haka:

1. A cikin rami a tsakiya na kwamfutar hannu (diamita 4-6 cm), an ajiye hatsi daya ko biyu.
2. Ana shigar da kwamfutar a cikin rami drip tare da ramuka mai laushi kuma an wanke shi sosai.
3. Kafin bayyanuwar sprouts, an sanya pallet a cikin wani karamin gilashi (an rufe shi da polyethylene ko gilashi).

Shuka tumatir ba tare da zaba ba

Rabu da tsire-tsire mai yaduwa yana taimakawa wajen dasa shuki tumatir ba tare da yaduwa ba :

1. Kowane kwantena (cassettes, tukwane) suna cike da ƙasa da 1/3.
2. A kowace kwandon hatsi 3-4 ana dage farawa da kuma yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai zurfi. A saman saitin hothouse da aka sanya shi a wuri mai dumi.
3. Yayinda girma ke tsiro, yawancin bishiyoyi suna cinye sau da yawa (yanke a tushe), kuma ana yayyafa kasar gona, yana maida hankali akan ci gaba da asalinsu.

Lokacin da aka shuka tumatir bayan dasa?

Lokacin fitar da tumatir bayan dasa shuki ya fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi. A cikin daki da zafin jiki na + 25 ° C wannan tsari zai dauki kwanaki 3-5, a + 20 ° C farkon girma zai bayyana daga ƙasa a ranar 7, kuma sanyi a + 10 ... + 12 ° C zai jinkirta cigaban seedlings kuma ba za su wuce ba kafin 12 -15 days. Duk wannan lokacin, dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa a cikin ruwan sanyi, amma ba a cika jihar ba.