Tambaya ta farko don daukar ciki shine binciken mai ban sha'awa ga mahaifiyar nan gaba. An yi amfani da shi ne don gano magungunan tayi, anomalies. Sakamakon binciken zai iya ƙaddara kawai da likita wanda yake lura da ciki.
Mene ne zane-zane na trimester?
Tambaya ta farko shine jarrabaccen jaririn tayi, wanda ya hada da duban dan tayi da binciken nazarin kwayoyin cutar jini. Domin dukan ciki za a iya yin wannan sau uku, 1 lokaci a kowace shekara. A mafi yawancin lokuta, kawai abin da aka tsara na duban dan tayi yana da muhimmanci. Idan likita yana zargin cin zarafin, rabuwa daga al'ada, baya, za a yi gwajin jini.
Domin samun sakamako mai kyau kuma ya fassara fassarar daidai, dole ne likita ya kula da wasu sigogi, irin su tsawo, nauyin mace mai ciki, kasancewar halaye mara kyau, wanda zai iya rinjayar sakamakon binciken. Da wannan a cikin tunani, mace mai ciki ba zata yi ƙoƙari ya ƙaddara ta farko da aka yi a lokacin ciki ba.
Me ya sa ake nunawa don daukar ciki ya zama dole?
Nunawa na farko na farko na farko ya bada damar samuwa na farko na ci gaban intrauterine don gano yiwuwar raguwa a cikin samuwar kwayoyin halitta, don gane cututtukan kwayoyin halitta. Daga cikin manyan manufofi na jarrabawa mace mai ciki za a iya gano:
- kawar da zubar da ciki ;
- ƙuduri na adadin tayi da mahaifa;
- kimantawa da sifofi na ainihin rayuwar tayi - ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, sauraron zuciya sauti;
- definition na sigogi na jiki na ci gaban jariri;
- nazarin binciken tayi na tayin (ganowar lahani a ci gaban);
- Binciken ƙwayar mace da kuma ganewa ta dysfunction.
Sakamakon farko a lokacin daukar ciki bai ƙayyade ƙwayar cuta a cikin tayin ba, amma kawai yana nuna alamun alamunta, alamomi. Sakamakon da aka samo asali ne don ƙarin bincike, aiki na ƙarin nazarin gwaje-gwaje. Bayan bayan karbar duk bayanan da suka dace dole ne a tabbatar da asali.
Binciken farko na ciki - lokaci
Domin samun sakamako mai kyau wanda ya ba da izini don daidaitaccen ƙirar ci gaban tayi, za a gudanar da bincike a wani lokaci. Sharuɗɗa na farko da aka fara yin ciki - ranar farko ta mako 10 - ranar 6 ga mako 13. Yawancin karatu ana gudanar da su a cikin makon 11-12 na ciki, wanda ake la'akari da lokaci mafi kyau.
Da aka ba wannan siffar, sakamakon da kuma haɓakawa na bincike ya dogara ne akan daidaituwa na ƙayyadadden lokacin. Doctors ƙidaya shi tare da ranar kwanan wata na ƙarshe, ranar farko. Bayar da kwararru na likita tare da bayanan da ba daidai ba game da lokacin watanni na ƙarshe yana da mummunan fassarar bayanin da aka samu yayin bayyanar.
Binciken Halitta na Biochemical
Irin wannan jarrabawa ga mata masu ciki a farkon farkon shekaru uku ana kira su a matsayin gwaji guda biyu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a yayin aiwatar da shi, ƙaddamarwa cikin jini na sigogi biyu an kafa: kyauta b-hCG da PAPP-A. HCG wani hormone ne wanda zai fara hadawa a cikin jikin mahaifiyar nan gaba tare da farawa. Cibiyarta tana ƙaruwa kowace rana kuma ta kai iyakarta ta mako 9. Bayan wannan, akwai karuwar haɓaka a hCG.
PAPP-A shine furotin na A-plasma, tsarin gina jiki ta yanayinta. Bisa ga abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, likitoci sun kafa tsinkaye ga ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta na chromosomal (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome). Bugu da ƙari, rashin daidaituwa na matakin PAPP-A na iya nuna wannan:
- fading daga tayin ;
- hypotrophy;
- pre-eclampsia .
Duban dan tayi, na farko na farko
Duban dan tayi a cikin farkon jimillar farko an gudanar da shi a baya fiye da makonni 11 na obstetric kuma yana daga bisani 14. Dalilin binciken shi ne kafa sassan jiki na ci gaban yaron, da ganewar asali a cikin tsarin. Daga cikin manyan sigogi da aka ɗauka cikin asusu a cikin duban dan tayi a farkon farkon watan ciki:
- KTP - nau'in coccyx-parietal (nisa daga kashi na nama zuwa coccyx);
- Hanyar kai;
- BDP - girman nau'i mai girma (distance tsakanin tubercles na kwari);
- TVP - da kauri daga cikin sararin samaniya;
- Zuciya ta zuciya (zuciya);
- tsawon ƙafar, cinya, goshin gaba, da ƙananan kafa;
- wuri na zuciya, manyan jini;
- wuri na mahaifa, shafin da aka makala, kauri.
Na farko da za a tantance shi ne yadda za a shirya?
Kafin yin gwaje-gwaje a farkon farkon shekaru uku, mahaifiyar da zata jira zata bayyana ka'idodin likita don shirya musu. Wannan zai kawar da karɓar sakamakon da ba daidai ba kuma da bukatar sake sake dubawa saboda wannan. Game da karatun da suka hada da farko da aka yi a lokacin daukar ciki, manyan sune duban dan tayi da gwajin jini.
Lokacin da aka fara yin nazari, magungunan duban dan tayi a ciki ba sa bukatar wani shiri na musamman. Duk abin da yake buƙata ta mace mai ciki kafin ta yi bincike shi ne sha 1-1.5 lita na ruwa ba tare da iskar gas 1-2 hours kafin hanya. Bayan haka, ba za ku iya zuwa ɗakin bayan gida ba. Jummalar da aka cika a wannan yanayin yana taimakawa wajen duba cikakkiyar mahaifa, da ɓangarensa. A cikin yanayin binciken binciken, ba a buƙatar wannan ba.
Shirin shirye-shiryen nazarin biochemical ya fi dacewa sosai. Don 'yan kwanaki, mace ta bukaci biyan abinci. A ranar binciken, kada ku ci da safe, da ranar da ta wuce, daina dakatar da shi a kalla 8 hours kafin gwajin. A lokacin da ake shirya daga abinci, likita suna da karfi ga shawarar su share:
- cakulan;
- abincin teku;
- kitsen nama da nama;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus.
Yaya aka fara yin fim din farko?
Lokacin da aka gudanar da allon, ana farawa da farko. Kafin a aiwatar da wannan bincike, likita ya sanar da mace mai ciki a gaba, ya gaya masa game da ka'idodin shirye-shiryen da takamaiman aikin aiwatar da kowane magudi. Hanyar hanya na duban dan tayi ganewar asali ba ya bambanta daga saba duban dan tayi. Yawancin lokaci an yi shi ne don yin nazarin tayin. A lokaci guda kuma, ana amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, wanda zai taimaka wajen gano jima'i na yaron a farkon farawa.
Wani gwajin jini na biochemical, wanda ya hada da farkon nunawa lokacin daukar ciki, ba ya bambanta da samfurin samfurin jini. An cire kayan daga ƙwayar ulnar da safe a cikin komai a ciki, an mayar da shi zuwa wani bututun bakararre, wadda aka lakafta kuma ana aikawa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.
Na farko zangon ga ciki - na al'ada
Bayan an fara binciken farko, kawai likita ya kamata ya kwatanta sakamakon tare da sakamakon da aka samu. Yana sane da dukan siffofin wani ciki, da yanayin uwar nan gaba, da ta aikatanesis. Wadannan dalilai dole ne a la'akari da su lokacin fassara sakamakon. A wannan yanayin, likitoci kullum suna yin gyare-gyare ga halaye na jiki na mahaifiyar jiki, saboda haka ba a yi la'akari da rashin kuskure daga ka'idar da aka kafa ba.
Duban dan tayi a farkon farko na ciki - na al'ada
Rahotanni na dan tayi (ƙwararren farko na ciki) an yi amfani da shi wajen bincikar cututtuka na ci gaban tayi. A ganinta likita ya kafa sigogi na bunkasa jaririn, wanda yake da dabi'u masu biyowa:
1. KTR:
- Makwanni goma na ciki - 33-41 mm;
- Mako 11 - 42-50;
- 12-51-59;
- 13 zuwa 62-73.
2. TVP:
- A makonni 10 - 1,5-2,2 mm;
- a cikin 11 - daga 1.6 zuwa 2,4;
- a cikin 12 - ba kasa da 1.6 ba kuma fiye da 2.5;
- a 13 - 1,7-2,7.
3. Zuciyar zuciya (beats a minti daya):
- 10 makonni - 161-179;
- 11 - daga 153 zuwa 177;
- 12-150-174;
- 13-47-171.
4. BDP:
- 10 makonni - 14 mm;
- 11-17;
- 12 - 20;
- 13 makonni - 26.
Binciken biochemical - ka'idodi na alamun
Binciken biochemical na trimester, wanda aka gudanar da shi daga likita, yana taimaka wajen gano irin kwayoyin halittu a cikin jariri a cikin gajeren lokaci. Masu lura da al'ada na wannan binciken sunyi kama da wannan:
1. hCG (mU / ml):
- Makonni 10-11 na ciki - daga 20,000 zuwa 95,000;
- Makonni 12 - 20000-90000;
- 13-14 - ba kasa da 15,000 ba kuma fiye da 60,000 ba.
2. RAPP-A (MED / ml):
- 10 makonni - 0.45-3.73;
- 11 - 0.78-4.77;
- 12 -1.03-6.02;
- 13 - 1.47-8.55.
1st nunawa trimester - bambanci
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ƙaddarar farko na farko za a gudanar ne kawai ta hanyar gwani. Dole ne mahaifiyar nan ta gaba ba ta kwatanta sakamakon bincike tare da ka'idoji ba. Dole ne a yi la'akari a hanyar da ta haɗaka - likitoci ba su bincikar su ta hanyar nunawa kadai ba, kwatanta ka'idoji na farko na gaskiya. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a yi tsammanin game da yanayin pathology. HCG mai mahimmanci ya nuna:
- cututtukan kwayoyin halitta - Down syndrome, Edwards , trisomy;
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- mai tsanani .
Ragewa a cikin haɗin HCG yana faruwa a lokacin da:
- ectopic pathology;
- hadarin zubar da ciki.