A cikin dictionaries na zamani, autarky an kulle, tsarin da ke ciki, tare da dogara mai zurfi akan yanayin waje - watau. cikakken mulki. Tsarin ra'ayi shi ne tsarin da aka bude, dogara da yanayin.
Mene ne autarky?
Autarky - wannan ra'ayi, kamar sauran mutane, ya zo ne daga zamanin Girka. Da farko, ta yin amfani da wannan lokaci, yana nuna mutumin da ba ya buƙatar taimako kuma yana samar da dukiya. Autarky wani lokaci yana rikicewa tare da autocracy, amma waɗannan su ne ra'ayoyi daban-daban kuma na biyu shine ikon iko na mutum daya. A cikin ƙamus na sha'anin kasuwanci, autarkyism shine ƙirƙirar ƙirar rufewa a cikin tattalin arziki, alal misali, a matsayin hanyar gwagwarmaya don farfado da yankunan tattalin arziki.
Mene ne autarky a falsafar?
Autarchy a cikin falsafanci na nufin halin mutuntaka, adalcin kai da haƙurin kai - dukkan waɗannan halaye na iya zama halin Homeric Girka. Kalmar da Aristotle da Neoplatonists yayi amfani da su sunyi amfani da duniyanci don komawa zuwa wata ƙungiya na tunanin falsafanci, kamar:
- "Mutumin da kansa";
- wani ko wani abu, mai yiwuwa don ceton rai, don samar da zaman rayuwa mai zaman kansa kuma ya kare daga hallaka.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan lokacin yana ci gaba da canje-canje kuma yana saduwa tsakanin masana falsafa a cikin siffanta halin da Plotinus, Proclus da sauransu suka kira:
- "Tsarin Jiki";
- "Ƙungiyar autarkic duniya";
- "Ƙungiyar autarkic jikin halittu".
Dattijan Democrat ya sadu da kullun a cikin yanayi, halin kirki, yanayi. Alal misali, "cin abinci mai cin abinci" shine kishiyar wani abincin marmari, marar iyaka. Tsarin tafarki na rayuwa a gefen hagu shine bambaro don kwanciya da kuma sha'ir na sha'ir, wanda ya isa ya gamsu da yunwa da gajiya. Ƙasar a Democratus wani abu ne wanda ke tabbatar da mafi yawan bukatun jiki, amma yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa "jin dadi", "zaman lafiya na rai."
A Plato, autarky yana da kishiyar farko - wannan ba muni bane, amma akalla. Bisa ga wannan masanin kimiyya, autarkic cosmos "allah ne mai rai", shi marar lalacewa kuma baya buƙatar wani abu, ransa yana yalwace ko'ina, yana yalwaci duk abin da ya san kansa. Daga baya, wannan ma'anar autarky ya ci gaba da rubuce-rubucen masana falsafanci da masana Krista. Autarky mai kirki ne ga Allah, ruhaniya, hikima.
Tattalin arzikin tattalin arziki
Autarky a cikin tattalin arziki shi ne batun da ke nuna yanayin tattalin arziki da aka tsara a ciki. Tabbatar da kai da kuma cikakkun ikon sarauta shine manyan alamu na jihar autarky, wanda yawancin kasashe ke jawo hankalinsu. A karni na 21, irin wannan yanayi na jihar ba shi yiwuwa ba, har ma al'ummomin da suka fi rufewa da kasashe suna da dangantaka da wasu jihohi.
Autarky da kuma tattalin arziki
Bude tattalin arziki ko autarky - gwamnatocin zamani ba su da irin wannan zabi. Avtarkizm zai yiwu kawai a wasu yankuna. Alal misali, wasu ƙasashe ba sa shigo da kayayyakin abinci mai shigo da shi, samar da ƙirar rufewa a cikin wannan ɓangaren na samarwa, wanda yana da tasiri mai amfani a kan ci gaban gonaki na wannan jiha. Ƙananan jihohi a matsayin duka ba su iya tallafawa autarky, ba zai iya samar da jama'a tare da komai ba.
Avtarkia - ribobi da kuma fursunoni
Ka'idar autarky a halin yanzu ita ce mafi girma a cikin Koriya ta Arewa, amma har ma wannan ƙasa tana ci gaba da shiga cikin tattalin arzikin duniya. Irin wannan dacewa ta dangi (na ɗan gajeren lokaci) yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan samar da gida, domin yawancin jama'a ana tilasta su saya kawai abin da aka samar a gida, don haka bukatar kaya yana da yawa. Tsarin wannan tsarin yana da alaƙa da haɗin kai, saboda ba za'a saya abu ba sai dai kayan kayan da aka yi.
Autarky a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya
Masana tattalin arzikin duniya sun tabbatar da cewa autarky yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga tattalin arzikin kasar da mazauna. Manufar autarky a matsayin mulkin tattalin arziki na kasar yana la'akari da misalai da dama da ke tabbatar da wannan ka'ida.
- Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Jakadanci na Amirka - mulkin da ake dadewa a} asashen ya jagoranci harkokin fasaha na} asa, don haka ikon da ya fi girma a yau shi ne mafi girma ga masu samar da makamashi. Autarky ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin kariya ga matsa lamba na waje.
- Jamus, Japan, Italiya - waɗannan ƙasashe a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu sun yi amfani da autarky a matsayin hanyar da za a kara sabuntawar duniya, da kuma karfafa ikon kan jama'a. An bayyana wata manufar da aka yi a yunkurin bunkasar tattalin arzikin.
- A {asar Afghanistan, mulkin mallaka ya kasance daga 1996 zuwa 2001, a lokacin mulkin gwamnatin Taliban.
- Amurka - wannan kasar ta kusa da ka'idodin autarky daga 1807 zuwa 1809 a lokacin da aka kulla shi, lokacin da aka bayyana shugaba Jefferson a matsayin abin da ya dace.
- Australiya-Hungary ta kasance tare da autarky tun daga 1867 zuwa 1918. Wannan shi ne kawai misali mai kyau, tun da yake sarauta ta kasance na halitta, kuma kasar ba ta dogara ne akan kasuwar duniya ba.