Mafi kyau a cikin lambu shine tsire-tsire mai girma okra, yana girma daga tsaba wanda - aikin ba wuya, amma yana buƙatar wasu yanayi. A cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara na wannan kayan lambu ya ƙunshi mai yawa furotin da bitamin, ascorbic da folic acid, baƙin ƙarfe, an samu nasarar amfani da shi a cikin abinci, cosmetology da magani (musamman amfani ga masu ciwon sukari).
Menene tsire-tsire mai tsayi?
Don fahimtar irin nau'in kayan lambu mai ban mamaki shine okra, yi kokarin kwatanta matasan zucchini, barkono barkono da kirtani wake. Gwargwadon shekara yana kai tsawon mita 40 zuwa mita 2 (tare da yanayin yanayin damuwa da girma), tare da tsire-tsire mai tsayi a cikinsa akwai rassan da yawa, tare da haske kore, fadi, sassaka ganye. 'Ya'yan itace mai yawa ne, mai siffar kamar kwasfa tare da tsalle-tsalle mai dadi (mai tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi), tare da peas a ciki, a ketare - yana kama da pentagon tare da tsakiya.
Haɗa mai haɗuwa
Akwai nau'o'in okra da dama, daban-daban na asali (zaɓi na waje da na gida), balaga, girman tayi, launi, yanayin girma. Alal misali, muna ba da bayanin darajar okra, mafi mahimmanci a cikin latitudes:
- Sopilka (tsakiyar maturing ripening). Tsarin yana da matsakaici, tsire yana tsiro daga 100 zuwa 110 cm, diamita ya kai kimanin 2.65 cm Yawan yana da biyar, haɗari, kuma yayi girma zuwa 20 cm a tsawon.
- Dibrova (tsakiyar ripening). Yawancin iri-iri ne, tsayinsa ya kai 80 cm, rabon diamita na 2 cm. 'Ya'yan itacen zai iya samun nau'i na 7-9, yana tsiro zuwa tsawon 21 cm.Da aka bada shawara don bude ƙasa, ana amfani da ita don abinci mai gina jiki.
Ra'ayoyin mafi kyawun wannan al'adun kayan lambu, wanda ya dace da yanayinmu da kasa, sune irin wadannan abubuwa:
- Farin karamin farin, karammiski mai launi - suna da kyau ga lambunan kayan lambu, mafi dacewa, ba kamar sauran kasashen waje ba.
- Karammiski mai laushi shi ne marigayi iri-iri, mai mahimmanci mahimmanci, fruiting fara bayan kwanaki 70
- Blondie - yana nufin iri-iri masu tasowa, alamar rahama, tsayayya ga sanyi
- Star of David - mafi yawan, tsayi, 'ya'yan itace kaɗan, har zuwa 8 cm.
Shuka okra tare da tsaba
A gaba, don wata daya da rabi, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena da aka shirya da ƙasa. Yana da mafi mahimmanci don fara shiri a farkon ko na biyu na watan Afrilu. Tattalin (an shafe tsawon sa'o'i biyu) tsaba da aka dasa a cikin akwati da aka shirya (akwati), zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm, saka gilashi a sama ko kuma shimfiɗa wani fim na gaskiya.
Kamar yadda ƙasa, dauka ƙasa, peat da yashi da aka haɗu a cikin kashi biyu na 2: 2: 1, preheated a cikin tanda. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau zaɓuɓɓuka ita ce ɗayan da ake girma daga tsaba mai girma daga seedlings an yi shi cikin kofuna waɗanda suke tare da peat, guda biyu ko uku (barin rami ɗaya, mafi ƙarfi). Ya kamata a shigar su cikin akwati na musamman kuma an rufe (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama). A cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, dasa tsire-tsire a cikin gilashin, don haka tushen shuka zai zama ƙasa da rashin rinjaye.
Kashe okra a bude ƙasa
Kafin dasa shuki okra daga tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai bude, rike tsaba na tsawon sa'o'i a cikin ruwa mai ruwan sama ko a cikin wani bayani da aka yi amfani da su don tada girma daga asalinsu. Ya kamata a yi saukowa bayan ƙasa ta warke sosai. Bayan sanya rami wanda zurfin ba kasa da 3-4 cm, zuba su da kyau kuma tsoma 2-3 tsaba a cikin kowane, yayyafa da ƙasa. Distance tsakanin ramuka yana barin akalla 25-30 cm (idan iri-iri ne gajeren) da 50-60 (na tsayi tsire-tsire). A lokacin da girma okra daga tsaba, bayan dasa, rufe har zuwa wani lokaci gadaje tare da fim, ja shi a kan dug-out arches.
Lokaci na dasa shuki okra
Noma na okra daga tsaba a gida yana farawa kwanaki 30-45 kafin dasa shuki a wuraren bude a gonar. A wasu yankuna, frosts kawai ya kaucewa kawai daga ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a wasu yankunan kudancin, ana shuka shuka ko tsaba a ranar 10 ga Mayu. Yanayin ƙasa da ake buƙata a zurfin da ya wajaba don cirewa ba ƙananan ba fiye da 14-15 ° C. Wasu shahararrun masu ilimin hotunan gargajiya sun bada shawarar shuka shuki na okra a farkon watan Yuni, bayan da kasar gona ta kasance mai tsanani.
Bamia - girma
Kwararrun masu sana'a a kan yadda za su yi girma okra mai sauƙi ne, tun da shuka ba ta buƙatar duk wani ƙoƙari mai tsanani. Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu sauƙi, riƙe da abin da zai taimaka maka wajen girma girbi mai kyau:
- Yi takin kasar gona sosai kafin dasa shuki, a wannan yanayin, ba a buƙatar karin takin mai magani ba. Idan akwai rashin ƙarfi na ci gaba da tsire-tsire, za ku iya shayar da su, a shafe su da ruwa, hadaddun, ma'adinai na ma'adinai.
- Ba shi yiwuwa a wanke ƙasa, musamman ma a lokacin da yake gaban 'ya'yan itace.
- Don yin motsi na tillering, toshe babban mai tushe a nesa da 50, 60 cm daga ƙasa.
- Ga wasu iri-iri iri, bayar da goyan baya.
- Tudun dutsen mai tushe ne mai tushe a tushe, yana sassaƙa ƙasa.
- Shuka okra a cikin wani gine-gine ko a karkashin fim, samar da tsire-tsire tare da iska mai yawa.
Dukkanin wadannan hanyoyi masu mahimmanci shine babban mahimmanci na hanyoyi masu amfani da fasahar zamani, wanda hakan zai tabbatar da ingancin shuka da kuma girbi mai yawa. Kada ku dasa okra a wuraren da ke cikin ƙasa, ko wurare inda ruwan karkashin kasa ke kusa da farfajiyar, zaɓi wurare tare da wata ƙasa mai haske wanda ke inganta karuwar haihuwa.
Ta yaya okra yayi girma?
Ci gaban wannan al'ada yana da sauri. Kyra shine thermophilic, don haka yana kusa da eggplant. Kyakkyawan zafin jiki, wanda ya ba da damar shuka ya ci gaba da kullum, yana da maki 23-26 ° C, lokacin da yawan zazzabi ya sauko zuwa -16 ° C, okra ya girma kuma yana tasowa, kuma lokacin da ya fice, zai ɓace. Ogorodniki, raba kwarewa, yadda za a yi girma a bamya a dacha, bayar da shawarar dasa ta seedlings. Bamia, girma da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin rassan greenhouses ko a cikin yankuna masu zafi. Land don dasa shuki zabi mai kyau-lit, windless.
Kayan lambu shuka okra - ƙasa
Don haka shirya ƙasa a kaka, tono shi kuma takin shi da kwayoyin, phosphorus da potassium mahadi, humus. A cikin bazara, sake gwadawa tare da ƙarin ammonium nitrate . Mafi kyawun al'adun kayan lambu shine chernozem, a cikin wuraren da ba ta da amfani, ko amfani da gine-gine ko tsari daga fim, an yi imanin cewa okra yana tsiro akan kasa mafi yawa, sai dai yumbu, saline ko daɗaɗɗa. Girman okra daga tsaba a gida zai sauya canja wurin zuwa ƙasar, idan kunyi shi a hankali, ba tare da damuwa da tushen tsarin tushen shuka ba.
Okra shuka - watering
Kayan lambu shuka okra baya buƙatar m watering, ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki biyar, idan babu ruwan sama. Wannan tsarin mulki na watering ya kasance har sai lokacin 'ya'yan itace, bayan kwasfan farko a kan mai tushe an daura, kana buƙatar ruwa da shuka sau biyu a wata. Watering moderately, ba overdo shi sabõda haka, tushen sannu daga okra ba su fara rot.
Kayan lambu shuka okra - saman miya
Ciyar da ci gaban okra an yi shi a yanayin saurin ciwo, rashin talauci na ƙasa mai sau biyu ko sau uku, a lokacin da ya fara bayyanar ovar. Amfani da wannan shine hadaddun ma'adinai na ma'adinai, ana daukar nauyin asibiti. Da farko na lokacin 'ya'yan itace, yin amfani da takin mai magani sau ɗaya, saboda wannan dalili ana amfani da potassium nitrate .
Lokacin flowering okra fara a watan Yuli, furen babba ne, yellowish-creamy, yana samuwa a cikin leaf leaflum, a can ne an kafa tayin, mai haske mai haske mai haske. Hanya na farko da aka saka na abubuwa masu ma'adinai, kana buƙatar yin bayan bayyanar buds, idan an ba da ƙasa a cikin bangaskiya mai kyau domin dasa shuki seedlings ko tsaba.
Maganin shafawa - kula
Bisa ga masana'antun kayan lambu, dasawa da kula da okra ba shine matsala mai wuya ba, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da nauyin halayya. Ƙungiyar zafi mai zafi, kudancin, mai kyau, kulawa mai kyau, ke tsiro da kyau kuma yana samar da girbi mai yawa, mai nisa daga zama a kudancin yanayi. Ana shuka mafi kyau tare da seedlings, saboda tsaba suna da tsawon lokaci na germination (daga makon 3 zuwa 4), kuma suna bukatar dumi, ƙasa mai tsabta.
Kulawa na yau da kullum ga tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire mai tsauri, babu tsinkaye a kusa da tsirrai na katako, yana da mahimmanci a farkon watan, a nan gaba irin wannan kulawa bai zama dole ba. Watering da okra ya kasance a cikin fari mai tsanani, idan kasar gona ta bushe, sai dai ƙasa tana da muhimmanci a zurfin har zuwa 40 cm. A lokaci, sako da sassauta ƙasa, abinci da ruwa - wannan ita ce mafi ƙarancin matakan da darajar okra ta buƙaci.