Da farko za a bincika tambayar yadda za a shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai bude, dole ne mutum ya fahimci cewa akwai wasu siffofin da zasu shafi tasirin wannan amfanin. Idan ba tare da ban ruwa ba, takin mai magani, dacewa na yau da kullum da ƙwayoyin cuta, ba za'a iya samuwa mai yawa a kan shafin ba.
Yaya yadda za a shuka kabeji a filin bude?
Kafin ka fara fahimtar hanyoyin da za a magance matsalar, yadda za a shuka kabeji, kana buƙatar saya, ko kanka yayi girma da kyau don bude ƙasa. Daban-daban da kuma hybrids suna raba ta balaga da manufar 'ya'yan itace. Shugabannin farko sun kasance marasa ƙarfi, ci su a cikin salads da sauran jita-jita kawai a lokacin rani. Yawan iri iri ne mafi mahimmanci, ana iya kiyaye su don ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin kaka, kuma kabeji mai hunturu da manyan kawuna shine mafi mahimmanci, zai iya yin karya har zuwa bazara.
Babban irin kabeji:
- Kwayar kabeji wani tsofaffin kayan lambu ne na kayan lambu don bude ƙasa, dace da shirya kayan abinci, yana da kyawawan kayan abinci mai gina jiki.
- Kyakkyawan kabeji - a cikin nau'i na kabeji yana kama da jinsin fata, amma yana da launi mai laushi-bluish. Babban manufar - salads, gefe yi jita-jita, pickling.
- Savoy kabeji - siffofin sako-sako da shugabannin tare da m shafe ganye, cikakke ga salads. Yana da shahararren babban abun ciki na bitamin D, baƙin ƙarfe da alli, amma an ba shi talauci a cikin sabon nau'i.
- Farin kabeji - yana samar da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na launin kirim mai tsami, da ciwon haɓakaccen sinadaran. Ya dace da soups, abinci mai soyayyen, casseroles.
- Broccoli - yana da yawa a na kowa tare da farin kabeji, amma yawancin sa na launin kore, dandana kamar irin bishiyar asparagus.
- Kohlrabi - ya bambanta waje daga magabatansa, ya kirkiro wani tsirrai mai tsami, dandano kamar saƙar fari-iri-iri. Shahararren kohlrabi yawancin halaye iri iri, yana da amfani a kara karuwa, atherosclerosis, cututtuka na gabobin ciki, ana amfani dashi a cikin shirye-shirye na salads da garnishes.
Yadda za a dasa kabeji a bude ƙasa seedlings?
A warware matsalar ta yadda za a dasa kabeji seedlings, yana da matukar muhimmanci a shuka cike da tsire-tsire na wannan al'ada. Dole ne a lissafta cewa a lokacin canja wurin seedlings zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin ƙasa wanda ke da kusan kimanin kwanaki 50. Lura cewa a matsakaici, germination na germination daga tsaba faruwa a game da 10-12 days. Ga broccoli, savoy da Brussels sprouts, da shekaru na seedling an yarda ya zama ƙasa da - 35-45 days.
Zaɓan hanyoyi yadda za a shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa, za ka iya amfani da hanyar da zaba , wanda aka samar makonni biyu bayan bayyanar seedlings. Tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena na mutum yana haifar da iko, tare da tsarin tsarin mafi kyau, fitinar squat. Girman tukunya ya dogara da nau'o'in, ya zama dole ya yi aiki tare da damar 6x6 cm zuwa 8x8 cm Ba tare da dauka ba, ana girma da kabeji a cikin allunan da ke gina jiki, da cassettes ko crates 7-10 cm high. An shuka wasu tsaba a cikin dakin, cire wani tsire mai rauni.
Yayinda yake shiga aikin shuka shuki a fili a ƙasa mai bude, tsayar da juyawa mai noma, kauce wa magabata a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ana binne tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa har zuwa na farko daga cikin wadannan ganye, an saka ƙasa a hankali, karamin, da kuma shayarwa. A cikin farkon lokacin, don kare daga yanayin sanyi, suna amfani da fim kuma suna tsaura zuwa gadaje.
Yadda za a shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba?
Ba dukkanin lambu ba zasu iya shuka amfanin gonar gona. Madaba, ko da yake ba koyaushe abin dogara ba ne don shuka tsaba kai tsaye cikin ƙasa. Ana sayen kayan da aka saya don rabin sa'a a manganese, shirya wani bayani mai duhu. Bugu da ƙari wajen magance matsalar, yadda za a dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba, shirya gadaje, tono nests mara kyau, tsaftace ƙasa. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa don 2 cm, da farko kin amincewa da mummuna seedlings samar a cikin lokaci na 3 ganye, karshe - 6 ganye. Tsakanin tsire-tsire masu girma suna barin sarari har zuwa 70 cm.
A wane nesa ya kamata a dasa shuki?
Shirin da aka zaba na dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya dace da girma da karfi na tsire-tsire. A wani ɓangare mai tsabta, baza su sami adadin yawan hasken rana da haske ba. Lates iri na bukatar karin sararin samaniya, kamar tsayi Brussels sprouts. Akalla sararin samaniya don rayuwa kana buƙatar broccoli da farin kabeji. Abincin yana da girman kadan da zurfi fiye da diamita daga cikin tushen tsarin.
M makirci na dasa iri daban-daban na kabeji:
- farkon fari - 30x40 cm,
- matsakaici-ripened farin-gangarawa - 50x60 cm,
- marigayi fararen fata - 60i70 cm,
- launi - 25x50 cm,
- broccoli - 35x50 cm,
- Savoy - 40x60 cm,
- Brussels - 60x70 cm.
Kabeji - lokacin dasa a ƙasa
A lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, shuke-shuke da kyau yayi girma har zuwa ganyayyaki 7, kai tsawon mita 20. A cikin kasuwanci, yadda za a dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa, wani muhimmin tasiri yana takaita ta tsada tsire-tsire, wadda aka samar tare da karuwa cikin zafin jiki na matsakaici zuwa 8 ° C. Da zuwan zafi mai zafi, ba a rufe bishiyoyi da dare. Shuka kabeji seedlings a wurare daban-daban na wurare daban-daban an yi a lokuta daban-daban. Ga Ukraine da Kudancin Rasha, ana iya shuka iri na farko daga Afrilu 25, marigayi - daga Mayu 10. Muna ƙoƙarin kammala dukan ayyukan dasa kafin farkon watan Yuni.
A ina za a dasa kabeji akan shafin?
Sau da yawa magoya baya sun rasa a cikin tambaya game da inda za su shuka kabeji, yin kuskuren yawa, kuma sun ƙare tare da mummunan girbi. Mafi kyau wadanda suka riga sun kasance a cikin ƙasa don amfanin gonar su ne nau'o'in hatsi, albarkatu masu tushe, bulbous, wake, cucumbers. Ba'a so a yi amfani da wuri ɗaya don shekaru da yawa a jere kuma komawa baya a cikin ƙasa da 4 yanayi. Zabi wani wuri mai bude, mai tsabta da wuri mai haske. Kabeji yana son ruwa, amma cike da ƙasa kullum tare da rashin isashshen oxygen yakan haifar da bacteriosis.
A wace irin ƙasa za ku shuka kabeji?
Mafi kyau ga wannan al'ada na chernozem, sod-podzolic da launin toka mai laushi. Mafi kyawun acidity na ƙasa a kan shafin shine 6.7-7.4 pH. Zabi wani wuri inda ya fi kyau shuka kabeji, muna shirya gonar a ƙasa mai bude don kakar. Kuna iya yin buckets daya da rabi na peregremshego humus a kowace mita mita na shafin. A cikin ƙasa mun kara a cikin digging 2 spoons na superphosphate da spoonful na potassium da takin mai magani.
Me zan iya shuka kusa da kabeji?
Wannan inji yana da sada zumunci tare da gonar gonar da yawa, saboda haka tambaya na dasa shuki kusa da kabeji a fili shine sauƙin warwarewa. Kuna iya sanya wuri a cikin mãkirci kusa da gadaje na kabeji tare da wake, seleri da salad, yana da sada da kowane irin ganye, albasa da beets. Spicy ganye ji tsoro kashe kwari, don haka yana da kyawawa ta unguwa da Dill, Sage, Basil, Mint, marigold da marigold. An ba da shawarar kusa da kabeji shuka Fennel, inabi, tumatir, faski da seleri.
Kula da kabeji bayan dasa shuki?
Bayan da ya dace da yadda za a dasa kabeji da kyau, kana bukatar kula da kula da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Babban ayyukan don aikin lambu suna - loosening kasar gona, cire weeds, watering da ciyar. Kada ka manta game da yaki da kwari da cututtuka da ke jira don dasa kayan lambu a kasar.
Babban cututtuka da kwari da kabeji :
- baki kafa,
- keel na kabeji,
- ƙarya-mildew,
- fusariosis,
- mosaic,
- kabeji aphids,
- kabeji tashi,
- cruciferous ƙuma,
- malam buɗe ido kabeji,
- kabeji celu.
Cutar da kabeji, aphids da fleas sun taimaka wajen maganin maganin soapy, da zuwan ganye da ash. Idan akwai kamuwa da cututtuka mai tsanani, ana magance su da kwayoyi Aktara, Karate, Piretrum, Carbofos, Fufanon da sauran kwari. Ana fitar da kwari da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tasiri Mukhoed, Medetoks, Zemlin. An kashe tarkon ta hanyar tarko, rage yawan yawan malamai. Rashin naman gwari yayi amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux 1%, gadaje a cikin ƙasa da aka yi amfani da kwayoyi Topsin-M, Benomil, Agat-25, Immunocytophyte.
Cabbage bayan dasa - watering
Don watering, ruwa tare da zafin jiki na 18-23 ° C mafi kyau ya dace. Idan babu tsarin rani na ruwa, zai zama abin da zai dace don ciyar da ruwa a cikin rijiyoyin. Idan ka shuka kabeji a kasar, zaka iya zuba a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka zuwa guga na ruwa. Ka tuna, yawan watering bayan zafi mai tsawo ya jawo fatattaka kayan lambu. Katin da yafi karfi yana buƙatar ruwa da sauri bayan dasa shuki, a yayin da ake girma ganyayyaki da shinge na kawuna.
Ciyar da kabeji bayan dasa
Manoma masu farawa suna da sha'awar tambayar abin da zasu sa a cikin rami bayan dasa shuki kabeji don kara yawan kayan lambu. Na farko fertilizing an yi makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki da seedlings tare da ruwa shirye takin mai magani, 0.5 lita saltpeter bayani ko Mullein bayani (5: 1). Bayan kwanaki 15-20, muna taimakawa tsire-tsire a fili tare da kwayoyi ko ma'adinai, tare da hada nitrate da superphosphate da potassium sulfate a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2: 1. A karo na uku suna ciyar da kabeji cikin rabin wata. Zaka iya haɗuwa da superphosphate tare da potassium phosphate (2: 1), yayyafa ƙasa kusa da bushes tare da itace ash.