Gaskiyar kayan ado na lambun suna dahlias, dasawa da kulawa da furanni mai haske bazai haifar da matsala ta musamman ba, amma suna da nasu tafarkin. Tsire-tsire masu dacewa da yanayin yanayi na kasarmu. Suna cikin iyalin taurari, wanda ake girmamawa ne a cikin sanannen masanin burbushi daga Petersburg Johanna Georgi.
Menene dahlias yayi kama da su?
Garden dahlias suna cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsayin dwarf iri iri ne na kimanin 30 cm, nau'in tsayi na iya kaiwa 2 m. Kwanduna suna da kyau, dukansu sun hada da petals, launuka daban-daban - farar fata, dukkanin tabarau na orange, ruwan hoda, jan, rawaya. Yawancin lokaci zai yiwu a ga wasu nau'i masu launin shuɗi biyu da motley. Sau da yawa a cikin bude ƙasa girma perennial iri, amma ƙasa rabo daga cikin daji a cikin kaka ya mutu ga tushen wuyansa. Dahlias - cikakken bayani:
- da shuka yana da ƙuƙwalwar ɓoye wanda aka samo asali biyu don ajiye gashin fuka-fuka;
- iri sun bambanta a cikin girman da kuma siffar furanni da yawa. Ƙananan buds suna da diamita har zuwa 10 cm, a cikin Kattai girman girman kwando ya wuce 25 cm.
Dahlias - iri
Bisa ga zane-zane na rosettes dahlias an raba su cikin wadannan nau'in:
- Nymphy Terry iri girma zuwa 70-130 cm, suna da kwanduna na impeccable siffar 7-20 cm a fadin, kama da ruwa lilies;
- masu sauki dahlias sun kai mita 45-60 cm, tsarinsu na tsakiya a tsakiyar kuma wata jere na tsalle-tsalle na tara 10 cm na diamita;
- Kwayoyin cactus sune tsire-tsire na 90-150 cm cikin girman, sau biyu nau'in ƙwayoyi suna kunshe da furanni masu nisa, 8-25 cm a diamita;
- pompon dahlias sun kai kimanin 90-120 cm, kwandunan kwakwalwa suna da siffar ball 5 cm a diamita;
- Pion-dimbin yawa furanni suna da tubular petals a tsakiyar da kuma da yawa Lines na lebur matsananci. Launi na corolla - m, purple, ja;
- Yawan iri iri suna da nau'in 90-120 cm, an kwashe kwanduna 8-15 cm a kan harbe;
- Dabbobi masu launi sune shuki har zuwa 120 cm. Bã su da wata ƙananan ƙafa na petals (crimson, yellow, Scarlet), a saman su akwai Layer da ya fi guntu, juyi, launi mai kyau;
- jinsin dabbobi da suka kai 90 cm high suna da ja, rawaya-rawaya, furanni na tagulla da diamita 10 cm. Kwandon yana kunshe ne da cibiyar tsalle-tsalle da kuma wasu ƙananan fure.
Yadda za a shuka dahlias?
Don samun dahlias masu kyau a cikin gonar, a lokacin da dasa shuki da barin ku buƙatar zaɓar wuri mai dacewa. Shirye-shiryen ƙasa:
- ƙasa a kan shafin dole ne ruwa mai lalacewa, da kyau drained, weakly acidic ko tsaka tsaki;
- a lokacin rani a lokacin digging, shafin yana wadatar da takin - 3-5 kg ta 1 m 2 ;
- A cikin bazara, kula da ƙasa ya ƙunshi maimaita rusting tare da takin da itace ash.
Sanya bushes mafi kyau a cikin haske penumbra, inda yanayin flowering na al'ada zai zama iyakar. Kasashen da ke saukowa yafi sauyawa a kowace shekara, kada ku yi amfani da shafuka bayan asters. Yanayin mahimmanci shine matsakaicin matsanancin zafi. A lokacin da dasa shuki yana da kyawawa don ba da kwalliya mai fashewa na tubalin fashe, ya yalwata yumbu. Furen furanni suna predisposed zuwa lalata, sabili da haka ba za a sanya su a cikin lowlands. Ana dasa dahlias a ƙasa yana yin amfani da kwararan fitila ko shirye-shirye. A cikin akwati na farko, dole ne kuyi aiki tare da aiwatar da digging da adana tushen.
Yadda za a dasa dahlias tare da tubers?
Yadda za a shuka dahlias da tubers:
- A watan Afrilu, an shirya asalinsu - daga bishiyoyi sun bushe, cire wuraren da aka lalatar, yanke sassa da greenery.
- Ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da peat ko cakuda na gina jiki, don su tashi 2-3 cm a sama, sannan su ci gaba da makonni biyu a zafin jiki na 18 ° C da haske mai kyau.
- Lokacin da buds ya bayyana a kansu, ana yanke kwararan fitila, saboda a kowane yanki akwai ovary tare da wuyan wuyansa.
- Suna har yanzu suna harbe a cikin akwati har sai har har harbe ya kai 10 cm, sa'an nan kuma a dasa a ƙasa.
- Pit na dahlias ana buƙatar 40x40x40 cm, sanya takin da aka ajiye akan kasa.
- Lukovychka an sanya shi don cewa wuyan wuyansa yana da kusan centimeters fiye da ƙasa.
- Bayan dasa shuki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwan sanyi kuma ana cike da haushi da haushi.
- Don ƙananan digiri, an saita ramuka a kusa da ramukan, don haka mai tushe mai tushe ba ya karya da gusts na iska.
Yadda za a shuka dahlias a spring tsaba?
Tare da taimakon tsaba, shekaru guda da iri iri zasu iya girma. Yadda za a shuka dahlias a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara:
- Ana amfani da kwantena mai kwakwalwa don wannan. Kwayoyin a cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu sun yada kan yashi mai laushi, yayyafa, shafawa, an rufe shi da littafin Cellophane.
- A zafin jiki na 25-17 ° C tsaba germinate na kwanaki 10, to, transplanted a cikin tukwane daban-daban.
- Yayinda ruwan magani mai mahimmanci ya dace - kashi daya na peat da yashi da ƙasa biyu. Kwanaki uku kafin ɗaukana, ana bi da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate.
- Bayan an dasa shi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a matsayin madarar da take da shi, bayan an samo shi a ƙasa.
A lokacin da za a shuka dahlias a cikin ƙasa mai bude?
Ana sanya furanni a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni, lokacin da dahlias an riga an dasa su lafiya - ƙasa ta warke, barazanar rassan ruwa ya wuce. Wasu lambu sun jinkirta lokacin zuwa lokacin da suka gabata. Amma to kana buƙatar yayyafa da kwararan fitila ko seedlings tare da ciyawa (sawdust, peat) daga yiwuwar ruɗuwa da yawa wanda zai iya hallaka su. Idan ka shuka shuka a latti, furanni na gaba zai iya zuwa cikin zafi mafi zafi na rani kuma kwanduna za su ƙare da sauri.
Dahlias - kula da namo
Don gorgeously da colorfully flowered lambu dahlias, dasa da kula yana nufin m irrigation, taki site, da kau da weeds. Ana shayar da ƙasa a matsayin tsire-tsire. Za a iya watsar da shi daga sassautawa, kamar yadda girma dahlias ya fi sauƙi idan kun cike yankin tare da furanni. Dry grass da sawdust zai taimaka wajen yaki slugs kuma a lokaci guda zai ba da damar ƙasa kada su bushe ko da a cikin zafi kwanaki. A ƙarshen watan Satumba - Oktoba na farko, dole a yi digan dahlia tubers. Kula da tushen a cikin hunturu:
- Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a kwashe harbe an yanke su daga cikin daji kuma an rufe shi da tsare, don kada danshi ya kama;
- a cikin hunturu bar 5-10 cm na tushe a kan tushen;
- An yi tsire-tsire a nesa na 30 cm, shafuka suna fitar da wani clod na ƙasa, wanke kwararan fitila da sa su bushe;
- an lalata magungunan injiniya a kan su da gawayi;
- adana kayan dasa a + 3-5 ° C a cikin wani wuri mai kyau ventilated a cikin akwati tare da bushe yashi ko sawdust har sai spring.
Flowers na dahlia - fasali na watering
Kula da dahlias ya shafi cin abinci mai kyau sau 1-2 a mako (idan babu ruwan sama). Amma ba za ka iya barin damuwa da danshi a cikin kwano na shuka ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da lalata. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama ruwan da ya dana kasa zuwa zurfin minti 30 - wannan ya isa ya sa furen ya sami kashi mai kyau na ruwa mai ba da rai. A cikin tsananin zafi don ci gaba da laima zai taimakawa tsawan daji. Kafin a fara watering ƙasa da ciyawa daga tushe dole ne a cire su, bayan sun shafe - sake yayyafa shuka.
Yadda ake ciyar da dahlias?
A lokacin watering yana dace don yin taki a karkashin daji. Yadda za a kula da dahlias dangane da riguna:
- Kowace makonni biyu a farkon rabin kakar wasan kwaikwayon ake hadu da su, musanya ma'adanai da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta - ammonium nitrate (15 g da m 2 ), mullein jiko 1:10 ko tsuntsaye tsuntsu 1:20.
- Da zuwan kodan ƙododinta, ana bada shawara don ƙara yawan sunadarai da kuma potassium a cikin ƙasa a madadin 30 g da guga na ruwa - zai zama isa ga samfurori 8.
- Taki yana da sauƙi a yi - a gefen wurin daji an yi rami, an saka koto cikin shi, shayar da kuma yafa masa ƙasa.
Shin suna kama da dahlias?
A cikin dukan kakar, dole ne a yanke wasu ƙananan buds, don kada su ɓata bayyanar sababbin. A manyan maki, ya fi dacewa don ƙwanƙwasa matakai na waje, a kan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire marasa tsire-tsire wannan ba a yi ba. Ana cire ganye a matakin 30-40 cm daga tushe inganta yanayin musayar iska tsakanin mai tushe. Don samun manyan launi na dahlias, girma yana tare tare da cire kayan wuce gona da iri. A cikin wani daji a lokaci guda bar ba fiye da kwanduna biyu da uku ba. Wannan zai sami manyan kayan ado.
Flowers dahlias - cututtuka da kwari
Garden dahlias, dasawa da kula da abin da aka gudanar bisa ga agrotechnics, kadan rashin lafiya. Amma wani lokaci ana iya kai musu farmaki ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Cututtuka, ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyi don yakar su:
- Earwigs, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo , aphids da caterpillars su ne mafi haɗari parasites ga al'ada. Kula da dahlias sukan ɗauka, lokacin da suka bayyana, da bishiyoyi sau ɗaya a mako a maraice da aka zana tare da decoction na wormwood ko celandine. Za a iya amfani da sabulu kumfa daga aphids. Idan akwai abubuwa masu yawa, ana bukatar magani tare da kwari.
- Matasa harbe suna jawo hankalin slugs, wanda ke cutar da su a lokacin damina. Don rigakafin, kasar gona a kewayen daji za a iya yayyafa shi da turɓaya ko ƙanshi.
- Idan akwai mai yawa wireworm a cikin ƙasa, chlorophos an saka shi da rakes.
- Ba'a magance matsalar motsa jiki saboda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Don kaucewa kamuwa da wasu tsire-tsire, dole ne a riƙa tattar da katako da aka shafa da kuma ƙone tare da tushen.