Don shuka tsire-tsire masu kyau a kan shafin, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi zai bukaci lokaci da dukkanin matakan fasaha wanda ke inganta girbi mai kyau. Zai yi wuya a yi tunanin lambun kayan lambu wanda ba zai zama kokwamba ba, kayan lambu mai ƙaunatacce da kayan buƙata, cikakke da amfani da bitamin da abubuwa masu alama.
Cucumbers kafin dasa - shiri
Mafi kyawun abu don shuka shine ana daukar nauyin shekaru biyu da suka wuce, suna da kyakkyawan shuka. Don girma dadi cucumbers, dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude, an samar da seedlings da kuma seedlings. Tsaba na kokwamba kafin a dasa shuki ya kamata a shirya, wannan zai kara yawan germination. Don yin wannan, kunna su a cikin dumi, ruwan gishiri, bayan dan lokaci akan farfajiyar za su fito da tsaba.
Bayan zabar cikakken tsaba, calibrate da disinfect da su, bi da su da itace ash. Don yin wannan, shirya wani bayani wanda ya kunshi 2 tablespoons na toka da lita 1 na ruwa, infused na kwana biyu da kuma rike da dasa kayan for 2-3 hours a ciki, sa'an nan kuma cire kuma bushe. Matakan shiri na karshe shi ne hardening da tsaba, saboda wannan dalili, sanya kumbura kuma shigar da tsaba farko a saman shelf na firiji, sa'an nan kuma a kan shiryayye na kasa.
Kokwamba dasa a cikin ƙasa bude
Masanan horticulturists sun ba da shawara cewa dasa shuki cucumbers da kula da su a cikin ƙasa bude mafi kyau aikata a cikin wani seedling hanya. Wannan zai haifar da bayyanar 'ya'yan itace makonni biyu baya fiye da lokacin dasa shuki amfanin gona tare da tsaba. An shuka itatuwan cucumbers a cikin ƙasa a cikin shekara ta uku na watan Mayu, yana da kyau, idan yawancin iri zasuyi girma kusa da shi, hakan zai inganta haɓakar gurfanar da su da kuma kara yawan amfanin ƙasa. An dasa itatuwan duman a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba a kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Mayu ko farkon kwanakin watan Yuni, lokacin da aka maida ƙasa zuwa + 15-18 ° C.
Shuka cucumbers a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba
Dasa tsaba na cucumbers a cikin ƙasa an samar duka bushe kuma sprouted. Idan shuka yana da wuri, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsaba mai bushe, tun lokacin da ya tsiro, ya fada a cikin wani yanayi mai zafi, yayi kyau, an shuka su sosai lokacin da ƙasa ta dagewa har zuwa kasa da + 12-14 ° C. Don cimma babban yawan aiki, shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai bude, zaku iya taimakawa wasu takamaiman bayani:
- zaɓi cikakken tsaba na shekaru biyu, shekaru uku da suka gabata;
- Calibrate iri;
- Yi amfani da hanyar hanyar disinfection iri;
- bi da tsaba tare da itace ash ko sayan kwayar halitta ;
- rage tsaba.
Bayan shirye-shiryen farko na tsaba da ƙasa, ci gaba da dasa. Shuka tsaba ko a cikin tsararrun gwano zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 2-3 cm ba, ko cikin ramukan da ke nesa da 18-20 cm, nau'i biyu ko uku a cikin nau'i na triangle. A kan fuskar ƙasa za ku iya yayyafa ƙasa baƙar fata barkono, sake fashewa tururuwa, slugs da mice. Daga saman gado za ku iya cire sutura, kayan da ba a saka ba, wanda zai fi dacewa a cikin layuka guda biyu.
Cucumbers - dasa shuki seedlings
Tsirrai da shirye-shiryen da aka shirya a kan bishiyoyi, yi a cikin kofuna dabam, don haka tsire-tsire za su iya canja wurin dashi a fili. Don yin wannan, shirya cakuda ta hanyar ɗauka a daidai sassa turf ƙasa, peat, humus da sawdust, cika kwantena da shuka a cikinsu don biyu ko uku tsaba. Gilashin suna rufe da polyethylene, kafin fitowar, ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsabta, yawan zafin jiki, tare da bayyanar sprouts - rauni cire.
Ana dasa su zuwa cikin ƙasa a cikin rijiyoyin da takin ko takin da aka sake sanya su a gaba, a cikin karshen shekarun Mayu ko farkon watan Yuni. Tushen Tushen tsaye cikin rijiyoyin, idan seedling ne overgrown, shi ne karkata. A farkon kwanaki bayan dasa, shuke-shuke ya kamata a shayar da pritenyat. Kula da seedlings na cucumbers ne don cika da dama bukatun:
- Aiki na yau da kullum, musamman a lokacin zafi, flowering da bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- Tsarin tsire-tsire;
- weeding;
- dacewa da na yau da kullum na gyaran ƙasa.
Shuka cucumbers - sharuddan
Don shuka kokwamba a kan shafin, dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa, wannan kayan lambu ya samo asali ne akan nau'o'in da ke buƙatar wasu yanayi na climatic, hanyoyi na noma. Babban mahimmanci na dasa shuki cucumbers a ƙasa, tsaba ko tsire-tsire, shi ne barkewar yanayi mai dumi da ƙasa mai zafi, lokaci na wannan taron ya bambanta, wannan yana rinjayar wurin yankin. Idan cikin mako guda da yawan zafin jiki na dare ba ya fada a ƙasa + 10-15 ° C, kuma ana kiyaye yawancin nau'in dandelions, to ana iya dasa cucumbers cikin ƙasa.
Cucumbers - girma da kula a cikin ƙasa bude
Yayin da yake shiga gonar cucumbers, ya kamata a tuna cewa a kan wani wuri da aka zaba don wannan, kafin su kada su kara girma dafa da al'adun gargajiya. Kafin dasa shuki cucumbers, kasar gona ta kamata a shirya a gaba, don yin ma'adinai da takin gargajiya. Bugu da ari, ya kamata a yanke shawarar yadda za ku dasa wannan al'adun kayan lambu: seedling ko ba a shuka, kuma shirya.
Shuka cucumbers, girma da kuma kula da su a cikin ƙasa bude, ya ƙunshi da dama da dama fasaha da kuma ayyukan agrotechnical, babban abu ne:
- zabi na wani shafin don dasa shuki tare da sako-sako da, ƙasa mai kyau, iya riƙe dumi, daɗaɗɗen haske, da kariya daga iska;
- rufe kayan gada bayan dasa daga hasken rana;
- pasynkovanie da pinches;
- takin gargajiya na yau da kullum tare da yin amfani da kwayoyin da ma'adinai;
- kafin lokacin fruiting, m weeding, loosening da podkuchchevaniya;
- garter;
- m irrigation (musamman ma lokacin ci gaban).
Kula da cucumbers bayan dasa
Kula da kokwamba a cikin ƙasa bayanan bayan dasa shuki, da farko, gyara gyara ban ruwa. Kokwamba ba su jure wa fari ba, amma ba sa son yawancin danshi. A cikin zafin rana, ya kamata ku ruwa cucumbers har zuwa sau biyar a mako, tare da ruwan zafi, a kan hadari rana za ku iya yi ba tare da watering. Duba don antennae ya bayyana, cire karin su saboda kada su cire kayan abinci da ake bukata don shuka.
Ana nuna furanni na farko a kan har yanzu ba a shirye don shuka 'ya'yan itace ba, yana da kyau a cire, har da harbe, wanda ya samo asali daga sinosu na farko da kuma ganyayyaki, da girma tare da ovary. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a dasa shuki da takin mai magani da iri iri daban-daban bayan dasa shuki, amma wannan baza a shafe shi ba, saboda wannan zai rage 'ya'yan itace.
Kula da seedlings na cucumbers a cikin ƙasa bude
Shuka da kulawa a cikin ƙasa na kokwamba suna kula da yanayin su da kuma danshi na ƙasa. Idan ka lura da cewa ganye sun zama marasa ƙarfi, tabbas su zuba musu ruwan zafi a maraice. Dogaro dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire masu tsallewa, yin hakan a cikin matakai biyu ko uku, cire cire tsire-tsire mafi rauni. Yayinda yake yin laushi, suna ci gaba da ciyawa, suna yin haka sosai, don kada su lalace tsarin tsarin.
Mafi kyau don girma cucumbers na iri da iri, suna da high yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsufa, ƙaruwa jure cutar. Yana da sauƙin magance bishiyoyi daji, sun kasance marasa gamsuwa, basu buƙatar buƙata don garkuwa, wanda ya kamata ya bi wasu dokoki:
- Matakan ban ruwa, idan babu ruwan sama, an yi sau biyu a rana;
- Cucumbers na daji iri dake intensively cinye na gina jiki, suna bukatar na yau da kullum ciyar;
- a lokacin da ake shuka tsaba, dole ne a rufe su da fim mai kariya, da harbe a ƙarƙashinta zai inganta.
Kokwamba kula da dokoki - watering
Tsarin tushen kokwamba don ingantacciyar ci gaba da ci gaba mai kyau yana buƙatar buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, rashin ruwan sanyi yana haifar da darkening na foliage, tsire-tsire ya shiga cikin damuwa. Rashin wuce haddi ya hana ci gaban lashes, yana dauke da oxygen daga ƙasa. Suma cikin adadin ruwan danshi yana da damuwa ga al'adun kayan lambu, saboda su, haushi na faruwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Kula da cucumbers da musamman watering yana da muhimmanci a yayin lokacin ci gaban aiki da saitunan 'ya'yan itace. Ruwa don yin amfani da dumi, ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi zai haifar da raguwa a girma da bayyanar cututtuka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da shi a yau da kullum za a iya kira daskarar ruwa, tare da aiwatarwa, danshi yana fadawa cikin tsarin tushen, wannan yana taimakawa rage amfani da ruwa kuma yana hana ci gaban weeds.
Growing na kokwamba seedlings - ƙarin fertilizing
Musamman mahimmanci shine ciyar da cucumbers a farkon flowering da 'ya'yan itace ovary. Kulawa da kuma safiyar kwalliyar cucumbers a fili sun fi dacewa da amfani da infusions mullein ko ganye, suna samar da abinci don tsire-tsire da kare kariya daga powdery mildew . Za a iya samar da su a cikin kwanaki 10-14, tare da dacewa watering. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta tare da ma'adanai, kawo nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium zuwa kasar gona. Ya kamata a yi a yanayi mai dumi, a cikin sanyi - ciyarwa zai zama mara amfani.
Kula da cucumbers - ƙwaƙwalwa
Da farko, kana buƙatar yin tarin fuka da ƙulla su zuwa trellis. Pinching cucumbers an rage zuwa m kula da babban stalk. Yin tafiyar da kulawa da kyau ga cucumbers, wanda ya kamata ya damu namiji harbe ko "fure". Wannan taron zai samar da cucumbers:
- kaddamar da "mace" furanni da m ovaries;
- za su kawar da ɗanɗɗocin zafin cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
An yanke babban tushe bayan ya kai saman trellis, an bar shi da maki 4-5, cire fayilolin farko guda uku tare da sinuses - wannan yana inganta ci gaba da harbe-harbe, sun yi nisa a kan takarda na uku, wannan kuma yana taimakawa wajen bayyanar furen mata. Wajibi ne don cire namiji daga ɓangaren magungunan, raunana mai rauni kuma don tsaftace tsire daga tsire-tsire da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Pasynkovanie cucumbers
Don bayyanar cikin greenhouse na girbi na farko, an dasa bishiyoyi, wato, karin matakan da ke ƙara ƙwayar kore. Lokacin da girma da kuma kula da cucumbers a fili, musamman idan sun yi girma a ƙasa mai kyau, wannan hanya bata zama dole ba, musamman ba tare da kwarewa da basira ba. Idan har yanzu kuna so ku kara yawan albarkatu, za ku iya cire 'ya'yan itace, cire wuce haddi, jan abincin da basu samar da' ya'yan itace ba, ana harbe harbe bayan bayanan farko na 4-5. Dole ne a dauki mataki a kan pasynkovaniya dangane da irin kokwamba.
Growing cucumbers a cikin ƙasa - cututtuka da kwari
A lokacin namo na cucumbers kuma kulawa da su, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gane cutar a lokaci kuma rabu da mu kwari. Mafi yawan cututtuka na cucumbers, wanda ya fi sau da yawa daga bambanci tsakanin rana da dare, yawan wucewa ko rashin danshi, sune:
- launin toka;
- yankakken man fetur;
- fararen launi;
- tushen rot;
- mosaic m;
- Zaitun zaitun.
Yawancin cututtuka za a iya hana idan kula da tsire-tsire da aka ba da shawara ta hanyar masu shuka kayan lambu. Don magance su, ana amfani da matakai biyu da magunguna na musamman, daban-daban ga kowace cuta. Bayyanar kwari irin su gizo-gizo mite, melon aphid, whitefly ne sakamakon rashin daidaito shirya matrotechnical matakan. Cututtuka da kwari ba su tashi tare da kulawa da kulawa.