Sakamakon ganewar "ilmin cutar hepatitis" ba shi da wata damuwa a kasarmu da kuma duniya baki daya, kuma yana iya zama ba zato ba tsammani ga mai haƙuri marar haƙuri. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kamuwa da cuta zai iya wanzu na tsawon lokaci a cikin jikin, yana lalata hanta, a waje ba nuna kansa ba.
Ƙayyadewa na cutar hepatitis
Kwayar cutar hepatitis ba daya cuta bane, amma dukkanin rukunin pathologies, wadanda ke dauke da nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma halaye na biochemical. Ana daukar su ne a hanyoyi daban-daban, ba su da nauyin mataki na zalunci. Kullum ga wadannan pathogens shi ne cewa duk suna haifar da ƙonewa daga jikin hanta, ta katse aikinsa.
A halin yanzu, an gano nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta guda goma sha biyu, lokacin da cutar cutar ta kamu da shi. Ba duka an gama nazarin su ba. Bugu da kari, har yanzu akwai ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ciwon ƙwayar cuta. Kwayar cututtuka ta hepatitis an classified ba kawai ta hanyar irin kwayar cuta ba, amma har da wasu sharudda:
1. A kan hanya na asibiti:
- m cyclic (har zuwa 90 days);
- m lokaci (har zuwa watanni 6);
- na kullum (fiye da watanni shida).
2. A kan tsananin halin yanzu:
- matsayi mai haske;
- matsakaita;
- nauyi.
3. A cikin asibiti:
- Manifist (icteric magungunan hali, jigon magunguna, ba tare da jaundice);
- latent (subclinical, inna-parental).
Kwayar cututtuka ta hepatitis A
Haka kuma cututtukan kwayoyin cuta ta A virus sune cutar cututtukan da ke dauke da cututtuka. Wanda ake zargi da kamuwa da kamuwa da kamuwa da shi shine sanannen interovirus-72, kuma ana kiran cutar ta Botkin. Idan aka aika ta hanyar zance, mutum na kowane lokaci zai iya samun rashin lafiya, bayan haka ya tayar da kariya ta dindindin.
Halin saukowa na kamuwa da cuta ya bambanta tsakanin kwanaki 7 zuwa 45. Kwayar da ke shiga cikin mucosa na ciki yana tarawa a cikin epithelium kuma yana motsawa zuwa hanta, inda zai fara halakar tsarin tsarin salula. A matsayinka na al'ada, cutar ta fito ne cikin tsari mai kyau, kuma idan an bayyana hoto na asibiti, ana kiyaye shi:
- jin wani nauyi a cikin ciki da ke haɗuwa da hanta;
- Nausea;
- da roƙo don zubar.
- darkening na fitsari;
- bayani game da feces, da clayiness;
- jiki mai tsanani (cikin kwanaki 2-3);
- ciwon kai da ciwon tsoka;
- bushe baki;
- yellowing da fata da sclera;
- fatar fata da sauransu
Kwayar cututtukan hepatitis B
Irin wannan cututtuka zai iya faruwa a cikin mummunan cututtuka, na yau da kullum. Kwayar cuta, wadda take tayar da cutar, tana nuna rashin jin dadin rayuwa a lokacin daskarewa, tafasa, ruwa mai yalwa, don dogon lokaci yana iya zama a cikin yanayin aiki a cikin yanayin waje. A cikin marasa lafiya tare da ganewar asali na hepatitis B, an gano magunguna masu cutar a cikin jini da sauran ruwaye na kwayoyin halitta - man fetur, fitsari, fitarwa, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, zaku iya samun cutar ta hanyar sadarwa-iyali, iyaye, jima'i da sauran hanyoyi.
Kwayar cutar hepatitis ta irin wannan hali tana da yanayin sauyawa daga cikin kwanaki 45 zuwa watanni shida. A wannan lokaci, shigar da jini ta hanyar jini shigar da hanta, inda suke ninka da tara. Bayan tara wasu adadin, alamu na farko zasu iya bayyana:
- raunin gaba daya da malaise (ba tare da zazzabi);
- Sanarwar da ake ciki na nauyi a cikin ciki, zama mai tsanani bayan cin abinci;
- Nausea;
- canji na launi na fitsari;
- zafi a cikin gidajen abinci, da dai sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, maganin hepatitis na kwayar cutar yana shiga cikin lokaci na zamani, inda dukkanin bayyanuwar sun karu, kuma sababbin suna bayyana:
- Binciken gyare-gyare;
- yellowing da fata da sclera;
- rage ƙaddamar da fitsari;
- nakasa narkewa;
- tashin hankali, da dai sauransu.
Wannan mummunan tsari ya ƙare tare da sake dawowa da kuma ci gaba da kasancewar rigakafi (tare da aikin hanta ya sake komawa a cikin 'yan watanni, kuma samfurin na iya kasancewa a cikin rayuwarsa), ko kuma ya wuce cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci tare da hanya mai ɗorawa da kuma alamu masu tasowa na sauran al'amuran.
Kwayar cutar hepatitis C
Wannan cuta ta fara ne tare da wani tsari mai mahimmanci, wanda shine yawancin lokaci. Kwayar cuta yafi faruwa ne daga marasa lafiya ko masu dauke da kwayar cuta a cikin hulɗa da jininsu, da jima'i, daga mahaifiyar da yaron yaron. Saboda gaskiyar cewa cutar hepatitis C mai cike da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mafi yawancin lokuta ya fito ne a asirce kuma an gano shi ko da lokacin da lalacewar ba shi da kariya, an kira shi "mai kisan kai".
A matsakaici, lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 60. Da irin wadannan cututtuka sunyi kama da hepatitis B kuma ana iya bayyana su da wadannan alamu:
- raunin gaba daya;
- haɗin gwiwa;
- rashin ciwo;
- Nausea;
- darkening na fitsari;
- yellowing da fata, da dai sauransu.
Kwayar cutar hepatitis C yana tare da wasu alamomi masu yawa, masking da ainihin pathology: fata rashes, vitiligo, anemia, koda damage, thyroid gland shine, da dai sauransu. Bayan wani lokaci mai zurfi, mai haƙuri zai iya farfadowa, ko kuma cutar ta ci gaba da ci gaba. Mafi rinjaye, idan ba'a samu magani ba, har yanzu suna tasowa ne na tsarin da ba zai iya bayyana kansa ba har tsawon shekaru. Nau'in hanta da aka lalata yana canzawa sosai ga musa da fibrous, wani lokacin kuma tsari ya zama m.
Ciwon hepatitis D
Wannan cututtuka kuma ana kiransa kamuwa da cutar ta delta. Hepatitis D yana nuna irin wannan yanayin kamar yadda ake buƙatar ci gaba da cutar irin B a cikin sel don haifuwa da bunƙasa. Saboda haka, kamuwa da ƙwayar delta tana samuwa ne kawai a kan asali na tasowa da ciwon hauka B da kuma samo irin wannan gwagwarmaya, kawai a cikin hanyar da aka fi sani. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan hadaddun cututtuka yana ƙara haɗarin hadarin gaske. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne ta hanyar jini.
Ciwon daji mai cututtuka E
Magungunan da ke haifar da hepatitis E shine kama da rotavirus kuma ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanya mai laushi. Wannan cutar ba shi da kyau a cikin yanayi na waje, da sauri ya kashe ta tafasa da kuma ƙarƙashin rinjayar masu maganin antiseptics, amma zai iya jure har tsawon lokaci a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Hoton hoton yana kama da cutar ta Botkin, a mafi yawan lokuta ya ƙare tare da dawowa. Hanyoyin cututtuka na wannan mahaifa akan mata masu ciki: hawan ciki yakan ƙare ne a cikin ɓarna, mace zata iya ci gaba da haɓaka hanta.
Kwayar cutar hepatitis F
Wani wakili na irin wannan, irin wannan a cikin dukiyarsa zuwa adenovirus, an gano kwanan nan kuma an yi binciken kadan. Ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar hanyar fatar jiki ta hanyar jini, daga uwa zuwa tayin. Hepatitis F yana da manyan alamun bayyanar:
- raunin gaba daya;
- sauki tsawan zazzabi;
- ciwon kai;
- ciwon hanta;
- jaundice ;
- rikici;
- Nausea;
- gums.
Yaya aka kawo kwayar cutar hepatitis?
Hanyoyi na hanyar watsa cutar hepatitis mai cututtuka sune:
- Gida-na baka (na kwakwalwa) - tare da ruwa da abinci saboda rashin lafiya, rashin tsabtace yanayi).
- A cikin hulɗa da jini da wasu nau'in halittu na mutum mai cutar (iyaye na iyali) - tare da maganin maganin warkewa da kwaskwarima, ta hanyar kayan inji, hakori, kayan aikin manicure, tare da sokin, tattooing, da dai sauransu);
- A lambobin saduwa.
- A lokacin daukar ciki daga uwa zuwa yaro mai zuwa.
Don marasa lafiya na jiki suna ɗauke da biyan kuɗi A da E. Bugun ƙwayar cututtuka na asibiti mai cututtuka da b, C, D, F, suna kawo barazana ga rayuwa. Babban magungunan kamuwa da cuta shine mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti. Don yaduwa da kwayar cutar microscopic na gurɓataccen halittu mai zurfi, wanda bai iya ganin ido ba.
Kwayar maganin cututtukan cututtuka
Binciken da aka yi na cutar hepatitis, baya ga jarrabawar asibiti, ya ƙunshi ganewar irin kwayar cuta, irin wannan cuta, matakin rashin lahani na aiki na jiki da kuma fuskantar matsalolin. Don wannan, ana amfani dasu dakin gwaje-gwaje da kayan aiki. Sabili da haka, an sanya duban dan tayi don kafa sauye-sauyen halittu a jikin kwayoyin halitta. A wasu lokuta, don samun cikakken hoto na tsari mai kumburi, ana buƙatar nazari na tarihi na samfurori da aka shafa.
Nazarin kwayoyin cutar hepatitis
Hanyar mahimmancin hanyar bincike shine gwajin jini don alamomin cutar hepatitis. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don gano pathogens:
- Immunological - ma'anar kwayoyin cutar da aka samar a cikin jiki don mayar da martani ga microorganisms, ko kuma kwayoyin cutar ta kanta.
- Kwayoyin halitta wata hanya ce ta hanyar musayar polymerase wadda ake gano ƙwayoyin cuta ta DNA ko RNA a cikin jini.
Ana nuna alamun cutar hepatitis da ƙwayoyin cuta, a cikin ƙari, ta hanyar gwajin gwaji:
- Tabbatar da matakin ilimin lissafin hepatic;
- Ƙaddamar da raunin bilirubin.
Kwayar cututtukan ilmin kwayoyin cuta - bayyanar cututtuka da magani
Tun da cutar "cututtukan da ke dauke da cututtuka na kwayoyin cutar" ne bayyanar cututtuka ba su bayyana kansu ba a farkon lokacin, ba a tabbatar da tabbacin sake dawowa ba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, kamar yadda aka gani a sama, ilimin cututtuka ya zo ne tare da cututtuka masu ɓaɓɓuka wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin wasu cututtuka masu yawa:
- haddi;
- ciwon kai;
- ciwo na ciki;
- Nausea;
- ciwo mai narkewa, da dai sauransu.
Mafi yawan haɗari shine abin da ake kira walƙiya a halin yanzu, inda aka yi la'akari da mutuwar hanta da ƙwayoyin hanta. A matsayinka na mai mulki, irin wannan nau'i ne a cikin hepatitis A. A cikin wannan yanayin, ana nuna alamun bayyanannu a fili kuma an keta kullun daga tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, wanda ke hade da haɗuwa da abubuwa masu guba. Saboda haka, marasa lafiya suna iya rikice, rikice-rikice, tashin hankali, da dai sauransu. Wannan yana buƙatar gaggawa gaggawa.
Jiyya na cutar hepatitis C, A, B da sauran nau'o'in hepatitis yana da yawa a na kowa kuma ya hada da:
- haɗin kai ga gado ko rabi-gado, ƙuntatawa na aikin jiki;
- rage cin abinci;
- shan magunguna (takamaiman maganin antiviral, detoxification jamiái, interferons, enterosorbents, shirye-shirye enzyme, hepatoprotectors, antispasmodics, da dai sauransu);
- wani lokacin - magani na jiki (sashi na sashi).
Ana nuna alamun alamun abinci na yau da kullum ba tare da samfurori da ke taimakawa wajen samar da ruwan ingancin ciki ba kuma kunna aikin hanta. Dole ne ku sha ruwa mai yawa, don rage yawan amfani da gishiri. Abubuwan da zaka iya amfani da su:
- nama mai mai ƙananan, kifi;
- low-mai dairy kayayyakin;
- kwai fararen;
- kayan lambu kayan lambu;
- porridge;
- bishiyoyi masu kuki, jiya gurasa.
An haramta:
- nama mai hatsi, kayayyakin da aka kyafaffen, abincin gwangwani;
- marinades, pickles;
- sabon burodi;
- abinci mai gurasa;
- raw albasa, tafarnuwa, radish, radish, kabeji;
- cakulan.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kwayoyi tare da aiwatar da aikin rigakafi daga rukuni na thiopoetins, wanda ke da tasirin rinjayen kwayoyin halitta, ana amfani dasu a matsayin wani ɓangare na maganin maganin cutar hepatitis. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da Glutoxim. Masu haɓaka Interferon da immunomodulators sun fi dacewa don matakan da suka dace. Waɗannan su ne irin wannan maganin kamar:
- Cycloferon;
- Immunophane;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Amiksin da sauransu.
Yin rigakafin maganin ciwon huhu
Ko da kuwa irin irin cutar hepatitis da ke da kwayar cutar, rigakafi ta dogara ne akan wasu sharuɗɗa, yarda da abin da ya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta:
- Shayar da ruwa mai laushi, wanke 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, kayan abinci mai kwakwalwa.
- Ka guji hulɗa tare da sauran jiki na jiki (ta yin amfani da kayan tsabta na mutum, kayan haɗi mai yuwuwa, kayan kirkiro na manicure, sokin, da dai sauransu).
- Ka guje wa ƙananan lambobin sadarwarka, yin amfani da hanyar kariya.
- Alurar riga kafi da hepatitis A da B.