Sweet dankali yam - girma dokoki

Irin wannan abincin da ake amfani da ita da kayan amfanin gona kamar yadda yaduwar dankalin turawa yayi girma a yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yanayi mai zurfi, amma zai iya girma a cikin wani wuri mai dumi. Ana amfani da kayan lambu don yin jita-jita daban-daban a cikin dafa, dafa, da soyayyen, siffar dried, daga abin da sukari, gari, barasa da molasses suka shirya.

Dankali sa dankalin turawa

Yawancin mutane sun ji game da dankalin turawa, amma musamman, wace irin shuka, mutane da yawa basu sani ba. Sweet dankali ne tuberous kayan lambu da dandano kama da kabewa, banana, abarba, karas dangane da iri-iri. Da dankalin turawa ya ƙunshi sitaci, yana da kyakkyawan tushen alli da carotene. An ba da wani halayyar halayyar ta glucose, wadda take cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin manyan nau'o'i. Ana dauke da karfi mai maganin antidepressant, wanke jini daga cholesterol, yana inganta karfin fata, yana sauya jinjin tsoka lokacin cin kayan lambu kafin motsa jiki. Fiber inganta metabolism cikin jiki.

Bathat - iri

A cikin duniya akwai nau'o'in iri daban-daban na dankalin turawa. A waje sun bambanta:

• nau'i na tubers (zagaye, ribbed, fusiform);
• inuwa na bawo (daga fari zuwa jan karfe-orange);
• nama launi (fari, rawaya, karas, m, ja).

Babban nau'in an raba shi cikin kayan zaki, kayan lambu da kayan abinci, halin da ke tattare da glucose, carotene da dandano. Mafi shahararrun iri na dankalin turawa mai dadi shine cin abinci:

1. Nasara 100. Dafaran iri-iri masu kayan zaki tare da nama na nama. Lokacin da tubers suka kwanta, sun dandana kamar kwayoyi da banana.
2. Beauregard. Resistant zuwa cututtuka, high yawan amfanin ƙasa, ba crack. Rindin shine launin zuma mai launin ruwan horo, mai laushi a cikin carotene.
3. George's Red. Ana amfani da iri-iri don tsaka-tsaki na ƙasashen. Tubers tare da fata fata da nama mai haske a cikin raw tsari daga dankali to dandana ba daban-daban, bayan dafa abinci zama mai dadi.

Ta yaya zaki da dankalin turawa ya girma?

Sweet potato dankalin turawa ne mai tsawo-winding liana-shekara-shekara, wanda mai tushe ne 1-5 m tsawo, sun yada tare da ƙasa da kuma dauke tushen a cikin knots. Tsawan daji shine 15-18 cm, ganye a kan shuka su ne petiolate, palchate-lobed ko cordate. A layiya Tushen zaki da dankalin turawa, thicken karfi, samar da elongated tubers ba tare da ocelli tare da nama edible, da launi wanda ya dogara da iri-iri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mai dadi suna da nauyin 200 g zuwa 3 kg, nau'in kayan lambu saboda nau'in abun ciki na glucose yana da dandano daban-daban - mai dadi sosai ko ba.

Ta yaya zaki da dankalin turawa?

A cikin rassan mai dadi mai dadi, fure-fure-fure-fure girma a cikin ruwan hoda, fararen ko kodadde launi launi, kama da siffar zuwa babban convolvulus. Suna samar da goge na 3-7 buds. Pedicels suna da tsayin daka kamar petioles na ganye. Batat abu ne mai kayan lambu tare da giciye giciye, wadda aka yi da ƙudan zuma. Mafi yawa daga cikin cultivars sun rasa damar yin jima'i, mutane da yawa ba suyi fure ba, amma wasu suna jin daɗi har ma suna samar da kwalaye na tarbiyya, baki ko launin ruwan kasa tare da diamita 3.5 - 4.5 mm.

Yadda za a shuka zaki da dankalin turawa?

Za ka iya girma mai dadi dankali da mai dadi dankali da tsaba ko ta hanyar seedlings, wanda aka samu bayan germination na tubers. Hanyar farko tana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari. Kafin dasa shuki dankali mai dadi da tsaba, yana da muhimmanci a sami kyakkyawan iri. Girma ta hanyar tsire-tsire yafi kowa, yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da irin wannan nau'i na shuka har ma ga masu aikin lambu. Tsasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa nan da nan, kamar dankali, ba a bada shawara - al'ada ta fara tsawon lokaci ba kuma bazai da lokaci don samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa kafin a fara sanyi.

Dasa mai dadi dankalin turawa, tubers

Da farko, kana buƙatar saya tubers, don karamin yanki da zasu buƙaci kawai 'yan sassa. Ana dasa kayan abu ne a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na jan karfe sulfate. An dange dankali mai dankali a cikin watan Janairu - Fabrairu, saboda wannan dalili akwai akwati na 15-20 cm a tsayinsa ya dace. A cikin ramukansa na ƙasa an rushe shi, ana sanya jirgin ruwa a kan pallet kuma an sanya shi a kan sill. Dasa mai dadi dankalin turawa, tare da tubers:

• an shirya substrate daga wasu sassa na sako-sako da ƙasa, humus da yashi. Dole a yi burodi a cakuda dan lokaci a cikin tanda;
• kashi na uku na akwatin yana cike da ƙasa, yashi ya kamata a saman tare da Layer na 3 cm;
• Yanda aka gurbace su a cikin ƙasa, dan kadan gugawa da kuma yayyafa yashi a cikin Layer 3-4. Ya kamata su zama rabi cikin zurfin ƙasa;
• Ana buƙatar yawan zafin jiki don shukawa a cikin + 18-27 ° C, an shayar da madara a madara;
• Cuttings bayyana bayan kwanaki 30, lokacin da suka isa tsawo na 10 cm harbe rabuwa da kuma sanya a cikin ruwa, sabõda haka, tushen bayyana, to, suna sanya a cikin kofuna waɗanda;
• harbe daga tubers za a iya cire zuwa sau 7, kowace rana 10;
• a cikin bude ƙasa seedlings ana shuka su ne a cikin bazara, a lõkacin da kasar gona warms har zuwa + 15 ° C, da kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kai + 25 ° C;
• a kan wani shafin shirya ramuka a zurfin 15 sm kuma ruwa da su;
• dasa shuki: nisa tsakanin shuke-shuke 40 cm, tsakanin layuka - 70 cm;
• seedlings zurfafa ta 2 internodes, kare ta filastik kwalabe ko kwalba gilashi, wanda zai taimaka shi don samun mafi alhẽri. Bayan bayyanar sababbin ganye, an cire tsari ɗin.

Shuka mai dadi dankali a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba

Noma na dadi mai dankali tare da tsaba farawa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, shirya cakuda sako-sako da ƙasa, humus da m yashi a daidai sassa. Ana sukar tsaba a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate da dried. Dokokin saukowa:

• seedlings suna cike da nau'in ƙwayar na gina jiki, da tsaba ana saka su cikin zurfin 1.5-2 cm;
• An rufe shi da fim, a cikin wuri mai dumi, a shayar da ruwa;
• sprouts na zaki da dankalin turawa zaki da dankalin turawa, suna dauke shirye don dasa shuki a bude ƙasa a lõkacin da suka isa a tsawo na 15-20 cm;
• don makonni biyu kafin a satar da seedlings suna taurare - ana daukar su zuwa iska mai tsabta har tsawon sa'o'i kowace rana.

A ina ne mai dadi dankalin turawa ya girma?

Lokacin da ake shirin noma dankali mai dadi, kulawa ta musamman ya kamata a biya shi shafin inda zai yi girma. Sweet zaki da dankalin turawa - yanayin ci gaban girma:

• Dole ne a kiyaye filin wasa daga iska mai karfi da kuma haskaka, injin ba ta son ko da maƙarar ƙananan shading;
• mafi kyaun ƙasa yashi, yashi na loam, loams, da low acidity da zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da 2 m;
• A cikin kaka, an yi amfani da takin mai magani don yin digin - 3 kilogiram na man shanu, 15 g na potassium sulfate da 20 g na super- phosphate da 1 m ₂ . Kamfanin Acidic dole ne ya zama mai lemun tsami. A cikin bazara, kasar gona an sassare kuma 80 g na nitrogen nitrate an kara da cewa;
• mai dadi mai dadi mai dadi mai dadi yana ci gaba sosai a yanayin zafi sama da + 20 ° C, yayin da yake ragewa zuwa + 10 ° C, injin ya tsaya girma, kuma a 0 ° C - ya mutu.

Yadda za a yi girma mai dankalin turawa?

Kyakkyawan shuka yana da mahimmanci kada a tushe a cikin internodes, saboda hakan yana rage yawan amfaninta. Saboda haka, mai tushe mai dadi ya kamata a zuga daga lokaci a lokacin namo kuma ya hana samuwar rootlets ba dole ba. Lokacin da horar da shi yana da mahimmanci don kawar da tsire-tsire, in ba haka ba suna ɗaukarda dasa shuki kuma su lalata ƙasa, kuma tsire-tsire ya zama rauni.

Girbi yana tsakiyar watan Satumba. An dankalin dankalin turawa cikakke a lokacin da foliage ya zama mai launin rawaya kuma ya fara fade. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna tsiro ne a wuri mai bushe, an shimfiɗa a kan gado don bushewa. Ana iya cin su nan da nan. Kwanan da aka shirya don ceto, ana kiyaye su a mako guda a + 28-30 ° C, sa'an nan kuma aka shimfiɗa a kan kwalaye, ana iya adana su a + 10 ° C na wasu watanni.

Batat - kula

Sweet dankali sune al'adun gargajiya, ba sa son ruwa. Yin watsi da shi ya kamata yalwatacce a farko, lokacin da cuttings take tushen. Da farko, suna gina tushen asali, sannan kuma tsire-tsire suna girma kuma suna nutsewa a duk wurare. A rabi na biyu na ciyayi, an rage ruwan sha sau ɗaya a kwanaki 10. Lokacin da ruwan sama ya ci gaba a kai a kai, ba za ka iya yin tsinkayuwa ba. Makonni uku kafin girbi, an dakatar da ruwa.

Tun daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, lokacin girbi da kuma samuwar tubers mai dadi mai dadi yana bukatar karin takin. Don yin wannan, amfani da sau ɗaya a mako potassium taki, wanda ya dace da toka toka. Gilashin tabarau 1-2 na foda ya kamata a zuga a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, don matsawa makonni biyu, yana motsawa lokaci-lokaci. Don yin lita daya na abun da ke ciki ga kowane daji.

Sake bugun dankali

Sweet dankali zaki da dankali haifa harbe a kan tubers da cuttings. Ana adana 'ya'yan itacen da aka zaba domin kiwo a zafin jiki na + 10 ° C a wuri mai duhu. An kawo su cikin haske da zurfi ta rabi a cikin maɓallin, sun ba da tsire-tsire waɗanda suke da sauƙi. An sanya a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da ruwa rudiments bayan 3-7 days fara Tushen da harbe ana shuka su ne a cikin tukwane. Daga baya suka fara saki ganye.

Har ila yau, yana da sauƙi don ba da tushen da kuma yanke-yanke kore lashes girma a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall of mai dadi dankalin turawa. An dasa su a cikin tukunyar gida, zasu bunkasa kyakkyawan shuka kuma su yi ado dakin a lokacin hunturu, kuma a cikin bazara zasu zama tushen sabon kayan shuka. A cikin ƙasa suna shuka cuttings na 15-20 cm cuttings, za su iya sauƙi a kafa a cikin wani cikakken-fledged shuka.

Kwafi na dadi dankalin turawa

An shuka shuka a matsayin cututtuka ga cututtuka da kwari, amma wani lokaci sukan iya ganimar girbi. Matsaloli masu yiwuwa lokacin da girma zaki da dankalin turawa:

1. Kwayoyi ko larvae na watan Mayu. Yanyan ɓoye suna ɓoye a ƙasa kuma suna ci tubers. Cutar da kwari zai taimaka wajen yalwata gadaje tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi Aktara, Aktofit, a kan layukan da ake buƙatar lalata sutura na manya a watan Mayu.
2. Slugs. Musamman fushi da kayan lambu mai dadi mai dadi a cikin ruwan sama shekaru. A kan shafin yana da muhimmanci a sanya bowls tare da giya kuma bayan wani lokaci don tattara kwari.
3. Gizo-gizo mite. Ana rinjayar ganye da kuma mai tushe, halakar da m zai taimaka spray daji Fitoverm ko albasa husks, bleached, chemist ta chamomile.
4. Black kafa. Cungal cuta, zai iya shafar seedlings, shi rotates da tushe. Don kauce wa cutar, shuka dankali mai dadi kawai ya kamata a gurgunta shi, dole ne a zubar da sifa a gaban Phytosporin-M, domin kada ya zama acidic, za'a iya ƙara harsashi a ƙasa.