Shuka shuka artichoke mai amfani da maras kyau a kan dacha, namo na wannan zumuntar '' tuberous '' 'ba tare da daukar lokaci mai yawa ba kuma yana taimakawa wajen samun karin abincin dadi ga abincin yau da kullum. Ƙirƙashin ƙasa a cikin nauyin ƙimar jiki ba abu ne da ya fi dacewa da dankalin turawa ba, amma yana da kyakkyawan magani da kuma abincin da ake ci.
Menene Urushalima artichoke kama?
'Yan Indiyawan Brazil na kabilar Tupinamo sun kasance farkon gabatar da wannan al'ada ga jama'ar Turai. Ma'aikata sun gane muhimmancin wannan bincike kuma sun taimaka wajen fadada duniya a cikin duniya. A Urushalima artichoke shuka dace da girma a kan fodder, da tuber za a iya ci. Tare da yaduwar dankali, shahararsa ta ragu ƙwarai, amma saboda tsananin sanyi mai sanyi yaro ƙasa yana tsiro a kan dukan cibiyoyi a cikin daji.
Akwai jan, launin rawaya, fari kuma har ma da kayan lambu mai tushe masu launin shuki na artichoke na Urushalima, kama da siffar gine-gine. Rawan dandano suna wakiltar wani abu tsakanin tsaka-tsalle, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus, artichoke ko kabeji, wanda ya dace da yin adadi mai yawa. Sashin ɓangaren na shuka yana kama da tushe mai sunflower, wanda yake da alaka da shi. Ana iya rufe mai tushe ne da ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsayinsa ya kai a lokacin da yake girma 3 m, furanni na furanni suna samuwa a saman.
A al'ada al'ada ita ce Urushalima artichoke, da namo of kore taro samar da silage, haylage, mixed fodder. Daga tubers yi salatin, dafa shi da naman alade, abinci gwangwani. Tushen suna adon da zomaye, aladu, tumaki da shanu, suna tada madara da kuma kara yawan nauyin rayuwa. Yin amfani da artichoke na Urushalima ya rage hadarin ciwon zuciya, gwargwadon gishiri, anemia, da kuma rage yawancin acidity. Ana ba da shawarar ƙwayar ingancin don ƙarin amfani a cikin ciwon sukari.
Urushalima artichoke - jinsuna
Bambanci jinsin shuka furage, forming babban kore taro, amma kananan tushen Urushalima artichoke, da kuma irin kayan abinci da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers. Akwai tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wasu jinsuna ba su fara ba a baya fiye da Nuwamba kuma basu dace da yanayin sanyi ba. A wannan lokaci, fiye da nau'o'in nau'in hybrids da cultivars na wannan al'ada suna girma. Dabbobi na ado na asali, wadanda suka samu raguwa kadan a yankinmu, ana fitar da su.
Mafi iri na Urushalima artichoke domin girma:
- Leningrad - marigayi, amma farin elongated mai tsarki zai iya cikawa sosai a Arewacin Yammacin Rasha, wanda ya dace don ajiya ajiya.
- Omsk farin - iri-iri-ripened iri-iri, da mai tushe girma a kan 2 m, kayan lambu tushen shi ne spherical a cikin nauyi har zuwa 50-55 g.
- Skorospelka - siffofin fararen fure-fure masu kyau da kyau, da kuma girbe amfanin gona da wuri, ya bambanta da girma sanyi.
- Vulgothsky - amfanin gona na shuka shine rawaya, dogon, yawan amfanin ƙasa - fiye da 100c / ha. Wannan iri-iri na Urushalima artichoke za a iya girma a Arewa-Yamma da Arewacin Rasha.
- Abin sha'awa - iri-iri zasu yi kira ga magoyacin da suka shuka shuka a yanayin zafi. Mai tushe na artichoke na Urushalima yana da iko, tsayayye, yana haifar da wani lokaci mai tsabta.
- Sunny - marigayi balaga, tubers girma zuwa 60g, bushes ne mai iko. Kyakkyawan bambancin Urushalima artichoke, girma akan samfurori yana yiwuwa a yawancin yankuna.
- Pasko - marigayi-ripening, bushes high, siffofin a lokacin namo tushen zagaye nau'i na farin launi har zuwa 80 g.
- Binciken ya yi marigayi, yana samarwa, dace da yankunan kudancin.
- News VIR - yawan amfanin gona na pearshen 35t / ha, Urushalima artichoke za a iya girma mechanically.
- Volzhsky 2 - siffofin 'ya'yan itace-pear-dimbin yawa, fari tare da shunayya masu tsummoki, masu tsayayya zuwa zafi, suna samarwa zuwa 200t / ha.
Yadda za a shuka Urushalima artichoke?
Urushalima artichoke ya girma a matsayin shekara-shekara ko a matsayin shekaru daya-daya monoculture a cikin musamman musamman yankin. A gonaki su zabi zaɓi na farko, amma ga gida duk hanyoyin da za a iya yiwuwa dangane da manufar da mai amfani da kayan lambu ya kafa don kansu. Mafi kyau na zabi na ƙasa don earthen pear tare da PH 6.0-7.7, wannan shuka ke tsiro da kyau a kan haske loam. Dasa Urushalima artichoke ne kyawawa a kan gadaje rana ko a cikin wani haske inuwa. Zaku iya girma a cikin wuraren da ke dacha, kuma ku dauki wuri tare da shinge a gare shi.
Dasa tuba Urushalima artichoke
A yanke shawarar yadda za a dasa Urushalima artichoke, daidai zabi da magani na tubers suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ɗauki matsakaici a cikin girman tare da tsirrai ganyayyun kaza kuma an samo shi a cikin wani bayani mai duhu jago manganese. Bugu da ƙari, yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da tubers a cikin Zircon stimulator, kara germination da kuma accelerating ci gaban da harbe. A cikin layuka suna dage farawa a cikin 30 cm, girma tare da nisa tsakanin layuka - har zuwa 80 cm, dangane da iri-iri. Zurfin dasa shuki na pear is 12-15 cm Idan an yi wa Urushalima artichoke bushe kafin dasa shuki, an shayar da shi ta hanyar sanya shi cikin ruwa.
Urushalima artichoke - dasa tsaba
Tsarin yawan al'adun wannan al'adun da 'yan koyo ya yi amfani da ita ba a amfani da noma ba, ya dace da kiwo sababbin nau'o'in lokacin sayen abu ta hanyar wasiku. Dole ne a yi jira kamar 'yan shekarun nan don samun cikakken yawan amfanin gona na pear a wannan hanya. Urushalima artichoke lokacin da dasa shuki da kuma noma tsaba a farkon shekara ne mafi alhẽri ga girma a cikin kwantena, domin rani za ku sami rauni sprouts ko bushes. A cikin idon ruwa mun narke ƙananan ƙananan asali da kuma dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Urushalima artichoke - dasa lokaci
A lokacin dasa shuki, aikin ya yi makonni biyu kafin zuwan haushi. Bayan kwanciya a cikin rami, an girgiza ƙasa tare da rakes. Dasa shuka artichoke a cikin bazara a lokaci ya dace da dasa dankali, a yawancin yankunan da za'a fara samuwa daga ƙarshen Afrilu bayan ya wanke ƙasa, ana jagoranta ta yanayin yanayi.
Urushalima artichoke - kula da namo
Muna aiki ne da irin amfanin gona da yawa wanda ke tsiro a yawancin yankuna ko da a cikin siffofin weeds, amma ya bar ba tare da kulawa da tsire-tsiren suna samar da ƙananan amfanin gonar da ba su da darajar kayayyaki. A cikin tambaya game da yadda za a gina Urushalima artichoke a cikin ƙasa, yana da muhimmanci a cika wasu mahimman yanayi waɗanda zasu taimaka wajen samun ciyayi masu kyau na ƙasa mai dadi.
Yadda za a yi girma Urushalima artichoke:
- Bayan dasa shuki mun sassauta ƙasa, muna cire ciyawa mai magani akan gado.
- Seedlings bayyana bayan 2-3 makonni.
- An fara farawa da bishiyoyi a lokacin da harbe suka kai tsawo na 0.4-0.5 m.
- Adult shrubs tare da mai tushe na 1 m kuma sama yana da kyawawa don ƙulla zuwa waya ko katako na goyon bayan.
- Muna girma cikin tsirrai kamar yadda suke girma.
- Furen furanni yana taimaka wajen girma don samun mafi kyawun furen earshen pears.
- Mun takin Urushalima artichokes tare da ma'adinai ko kayan ado.
- Mun girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin kaka har sai sanyi ko spring.
- Zai yiwu a raba wani ɓangare na gado don girbi na bazara, sannan kuma kuyi girma da amfanin gona tare da zuwan zafi, a cikin ƙasa, tushensu sun fi kyau. A wannan yanayin, ba za ka iya kuskuren sharuddan aikin ba, in ba haka ba za su yi harbi kuma za su rasa adadin abincin abinci.
Duniya pear Urushalima artichoke - watering
A cikin damina Urushalima artichoke ne unpretentious kuma baya buƙatar watering. A cikin fari, lokacin da aka kafa barci mai sanyi don da yawa makonni, zai yiwu a taimaka wa tsire-tsire, har zuwa lita 15 na ruwa a karkashin kowane daji. An yi amfani da shi a cikin noma na sprinkling ko wata hanyar drip ban ruwa. Muna amfani da ruwa tare da zazzabi daga 15 ° C zuwa 18 ° C, yayin da ake girma Urushalima artichoke watering da safe ko da yamma tare da wani lokaci na makonni biyu.
A Urushalima artichoke shuka - saman miya
Shoots na earthen pears za a iya ciyar da itace ash tare da lissafin har zuwa 300 g na abu da 1 m 2 na ƙasa, a madadin, wani ma'adinai potassium taki dace. A warware matsalar, yadda za a shuka Urushalima artichoke a kasar, ba za ka iya yin ba tare da nitrogen da microfertilizers ba. Wadannan abubuwa a cikin hanyar maganin ruwa mai mahimmanci an kara su a ƙirar na biyu a lokacin budding. Bayan girbi na kaka, kasar gona ta hadu da nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mahadi (10 g / m 2 ), yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da taki mai tsabta a kan gadaje.
Yadda za a yada artichoke?
Sayen tuber na sabon iri-iri, muna da adadin kayan dasawa, don haka ana haɓaka Urushalima artichoke ta rarraba amfanin gona a cikin sassa. Cultivating guda na earthen pears da lafiya lafiya, za ka iya samun cikakken seedlings. Dole ne a bar akalla maki biyu a cikin sassan Urushalima artichoke. Wannan hanya ya dace da dasa shuki, a cikin kaka ba a bada shawara don raba tubers.
Duniya pear itace artichoke - cututtuka da kwari
Lokaci-lokaci akwai cututtuka na cututtuka a Urushalima artichoke, yadda za a shuka shuka a cikin shekaru maras kyau?
- Sclerotiniosis infects tushe, haifar da bayyanar farin plaque. Ana ba da shawara mai tsanani ga ƙonawa, da kuma shuke-shuke don aiwatar da "Immunocytophyte".
- Rage da ganye da kuma bayyanar launin ruwan kasa mai launin fata yana haifar da canzawa, jiyya ga gadaje tare da magunguna suna taimaka wajen hana cutar - Topaz, Bayleton, Skor, Topsin.
- Medvedku , scoop , Mayu mai kwakwalwa, wasu kwari a lokacin namo an hallaka tare da shirye-shirye na granulated - Boverin, Anti-Medvedka, RembeK.