Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka gano na ƙwarewa da ke ba da izinin yin gyaran sauye-sauye a jikin jiki da kuma tsammanin ci gaba da wasu cututtuka a farkon mataki shine gwajin jini. An gudanar da wannan binciken ne don sanin matsayin kowane sassan da tsarin, wanda aka auna mahimman bayanai na yawancin jini. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan alama shine matakin alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Ka yi la'akari da irin nau'in abu, kuma wane nau'i na mahaukaci za a iya nunawa ta darajar ALT da aka samo a cikin binciken zubar da jini.
Menene ALT a gwajin jini?
Alanine aminotransferase wata ƙazantacciya ce mai mahimmanci daga cikin ƙungiyoyi na juyi da kuma wani ɓangaren ƙungiya na aminotransferases. An samar da kwayoyin hanta - hepatocytes. Ana samun ALT a cikin hanta, amma wasu daga cikin wannan enzyme ana samuwa a cikin kodan, ƙwayar zuciya, pancreas da tsoka tsoka. Ƙananan ɓangare na wannan enzyme ana samuwa a cikin jini (alamar mata ga har zuwa 31 U / l).
Babban aikin alanine aminotransferase yana hade da musayar amino acid. Wannan abu yayi amfani da shi wajen canja wurin wasu kwayoyin. Yayin da ake farfadowa da makamashi na makamashi, ƙwaƙwalwar cell membranes yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai haifar da lalata kwayoyin halitta da kuma sakin enzyme a cikin magani.
Sanadin cutar mai girma ATL
Idan bincike na biochemical ya nuna cewa ALT a cikin jini yana ɗauke da shi, dalilin hakan a mafi yawan lokuta shine lalata hanta. Amma kuma maida hankali ga wannan abu zai iya ƙaruwa saboda ilimin sifofin sauran kwayoyin. Bari muyi la'akari, a wace irin cututtuka da kuma yadda nauyin matakin ALT zai iya wucewa na al'ada:
- Ƙara yawan kashi 20 zuwa 100 na ALT na iya nuna mummunan ciwon hauka saboda ciwon hoto ko lalacewa. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan da ke ciwon kwayar cutar hepatitis A, wannan karuwa yana kiyaye kimanin makonni biyu kafin bayyanuwar jaundice, bayan makonni uku ana daidaitawa. Tare da cutar hepatitis B da C, ALT zai iya ƙaruwa ba tare da kima ba, sannan kuma ya rage yawan dabi'un al'ada. Ƙara yawan wannan alamar za a iya kiyaye shi tare da tabbatar da ciwon hepatitis na kullum, amma a cikin wannan yanayin, wucewar al'ada yana faruwa sau 3 zuwa 5.
- Idan ALT ta ƙara 2 - sau 3, to zamu iya magana game da cutar mai hanta mai ƙyama (steatosis). Hanyoyin maganin yanayin gyare-gyare zuwa lokaci na steatohepatitis yana tare da haɓakaccen karuwa a matakin ALT, da kuma karuwa a babban matakin jigilar bilirubin.
- Ƙara sau biyar a cikin adadin alanine aminotransferase a cikin jini ana samuwa a cikin hawan cirrhosis, wanda ke hade da wani tsari mai mahimmanci na maye gurbin kwayoyin hepatic tare da nau'in haɗi.
- Wani lokaci kara karuwa a cikin wannan enzyme an gano shi tare da lalacewa hanta mai cin hanci. A wannan yanayin, mafi girma da launi, mafi girman ƙaddamar da ALT cikin jini. Duk da haka, tare da ƙananan ciwo, alal misali, tare da carcinoma hepatocellular, ƙayyadaddun daga ATL na al'ada ba su da muhimmanci, wanda sau da yawa ya tilasta ganewar asali.
- Ƙarawa a cikin ALT zuwa 600 U / L biye da ƙananan haɓaka shi ne alamar halayyar ƙwarewar bile ducts.
Ƙananan ƙetare na al'ada za'a iya kiyaye idan:
- ƙananan ƙananan haɗari;
- ƙaddara;
- zuciya rashin nasara;
- babban pancreatitis ;
- girgizar kasa;
- ilpatitis giya;
- miconucleosis na ciwon jini;
- myositis;
- m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo;
- mai tsanani a cikin mata masu ciki (II trimester), da dai sauransu.
Har ila yau, haɓaka a ATL na iya haifar da shan magunguna kamar:
- cholestatics;
- maganin rigakafi;
- estrogens;
- Nicotinic acid;
- sulfonamides da sauransu.