Nama na Nephrotic shine yanayin ilimin jiki, wanda ke hade da lalacewar koda kuma yana da alamun wasu alamomi da dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sau da yawa wannan rikitarwa na rikitarwa an gano shi a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda basu isa shekaru 35 ba.
Sanadin cututtukan nephrotic
Domin ciwo na nephrotic yana nuna da shan kashi na kayan aiki na kodan, wanda aka haɗa cikin kungiyoyin nephrons (sassan tsarin ƙwayar kodan) ta hanyar yin gyaran jini tare da ƙarin ƙaddamar da fitsari. Akwai canje-canje a cikin ganuwar capillaries masu mahimmanci tare da karuwa a cikin haɗarsu, wanda ke haifar da rushewa a cikin sunadaran gina jiki da ƙananan abin da aka hada da:
- cin zarafi na gina jiki da shigarwa cikin fitsari (proteinuria);
- ƙananan raguwa a cikin ƙwayar gina jiki a cikin plasma jini (hypoproteinemia);
- ragewa a cikin kashi na albumin na furotin plasma (hypoalbuminemia);
- karuwa a cikin jini cholesterol, triglycerides da phospholipids (hyperlipidemia), da dai sauransu.
Idan bala'i ya faru ba zato ba tsammani an rubuta shi a karo na farko, ciwo mai ƙananan nephrotic yana faruwa, kuma tare da canje-canje na gaba a cikin haɓaka da kuma gafara, ana ganin tsari ne na yau da kullum. Sanin ainihin mawuyacin rashin ciwo ba a riga an kafa su ba, amma mafi mahimmanci da mahimman ra'ayi game da cutar shi ne immunological daya. Wannan ka'idar ta bayyana yadda ake ci gaba da sauye-sauye na tsofaffin matsalolin sabili da maganin gaggawa ga aikin da ke tattare da kwayoyin antigens a jini.
Da asali, cutar ciwon nephrotic zuwa kashi na farko (a matsayin bayyanar cututtuka na koda) da na sakandare (sakamakon cututtuka na yau da kullum tare da haɗuwa na biyu na kodan). Kamar yadda na farko, yana iya kasancewa a cikin abubuwan da ake kira pathologies kamar:
- Lipoid nephrosis;
- nephropathy na mata masu ciki;
- amyloidosis na kodan;
- membranous nephropathy;
- pyelonephritis;
- glomerulonephritis;
- ƙwayar cutar koda.
Ƙunƙarar sakatare na biyu zai iya bunkasa a kan bayanan wadannan lahani:
- tsarin lupus erythematosus;
- pre-eclampsia;
- haɗarin jini;
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Amyloidosis;
- scleroderma;
- ƙurji daga cikin huhu;
- hepatitis B;
- hepatitis C;
- myeloma;
- tarin fuka;
- syphilis;
- malaria;
- guba tare da ƙarfe karafa;
- maciji maciji, da dai sauransu.
Ƙunƙasar Nephrotic tare da ciwon jini
Sau da yawa akwai m glomerulonephritis da nephrotic ciwo, wanda renal glomeruli suna fallasa zuwa na ciwon maɗamfuri ƙonewa, sau da yawa lalacewa ta hanyar streptococci ko wasu pathogens. A sakamakon haka, tsarin na rigakafi yana samar da kwayoyin cutar da, idan an ɗaure su zuwa antigens, za su zauna a jikin membrane kuma su shafi shi.
Ƙungiyar Nasrotic tare da amyloidosis
Na farko (idiopathic) ciwon nephrotic hade da amyloidosis ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin koda kayan kirki akwai wasu bayanan kwayoyin protein-polysaccharide da ke haifar da rashin lafiya daga jikin. Akwai ƙananan ƙarewa daga ƙananan nephrons da aka ƙaddamar da su, tsarkewar epithelium na tubules, da kodan sun kara girman.
Ƙungiyar Nasrotic tare da pyelonephritis
Magunguna da cututtukan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar fata, calyx da kuma palanyma ta raguwa, wanda ya sa a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar E. coli, ba tare da isasshen magani ba zai iya haifar da wani ɓangare na rashin jin daɗi da kuma tace aikin da kwayar ta ke. A wannan yanayin, sau da yawa yakan haifar da ciwo na nephrotic na yau da kullum tare da matsalolin lokaci.
Ƙungiyar Nasrotic - bayyanar cututtuka
Edema a cikin ciwo na nephrotic shine babban asibiti. Na farko, ana ganin farin ciki a gefen fuskar (sau da yawa ƙarƙashin idanu), a hannun da ƙafa, a cikin yankin lumbar. Daga bisani, ruwa yana tarawa a cikin nau'in sashin jiki na jiki duka. Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:
- lalura da bushewa daga fata;
- ƙishirwa.
- zafi a kai;
- abinci mara kyau;
- Tsarewa;
- rikici;
- jawo rashin tausayi a cikin yankin lumbar;
- ciwon tsoka;
- rage ƙaddamar da fitsari;
- shakatawa;
- karkatar da gashi da kusoshi;
- shortness na numfashi, da dai sauransu.
An gano manyan masana'antun dabarun nephrotic a cikin bincike na fitsari da jini bayan alamun:
- adadin furotin a cikin fitsari - fiye da 3 g / rana;
- adadin magani albumin ya kasa da 27 g / l;
- matakin gina jiki a cikin wani sashi na jini - a kasa 60-50 g / l;
- Ciwon cholesterol cikin jini ya fi 6.5 mmol / l.
Ƙungiyar Nasrotic - ganewar asali
Don sanin ƙimar cutar lalacewar jiki, gano abubuwan da suke haifar da haɗari, ban da cikakken binciken likitan nephrologist da kuma makasisis, ƙwarewar ƙwayar cutar nephrotic ya ƙunshi wasu kayan aiki da bincike-bincike:
- nazarin jini na jini da fitsari;
- bincike na fitsari a Zimnitskiy;
- bincike bacteriological na fitsari;
- nazarin kwayoyin jini da fitsari;
- gwajin jini don clotting;
- Hanyar lantarki;
- Ultrasonography na kodan da dopplerography;
- nephroscintigraphy;
- koda kwayoyin halitta tare da nazarin microscopic.
Ƙungiyar Nasrotic - urinalysis
Lokacin da ake tuhuma da ciwo na nephrotic, gwaje-gwaje na ba da dama ba kawai don tabbatar da ganewar asali ba, har ma don ƙayyade hanyoyin maganin magani. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shi ne aikin gaggawa, wanda, baya ga samun matakan furotin da aka haɓaka, an bayyana sigogi masu zuwa a cikin wannan farfadowa:
- ƙaddamar da fitsari;
- ƙara yawan yawa;
- alkaline dauki;
- gaban leukocytes da erythrocytes;
- gaban murhu da kakin zuma cylinders;
- gaban kristal cholesterol;
- babban adadin kwayoyin halitta.
Jiyya na ciwon nephrotic
Idan an gano ciwo na nephrotic, dole ne a yi magani a asibiti domin likita zai iya duba yanayin lafiyar mutum da kuma tsarin likita, idan ya kamata ya daidaita shi. Babban muhimmancin shine maganin cututtuka na farko da sauran cututtuka na baya, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwon nephrotic. Ana bayar da shawarar bada magani ga likitoci don su guje wa ci gaban thrombosis.
A tsarin tsarin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, mai yuwa mai gina jiki na gina jiki mai yiwuwa ne, da magunguna masu zuwa:
- glucocorticoids (Prednisone, Dexazon, Urbazon) - tare da tsalle, lupus, membranous da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nephropathy;
- cytostatics (Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Leukeran) - tare da lymphogranulomatosis , sarcoidosis, cutar Wegener, da sauransu.
- antioagulants (Heparin) - tare da hypermerious hypermerious, m, m, tare da koda koda, pre-eclampsia, da dai sauransu.;
- diuretics (Furosemide, Etakrinaic acid, Veroshpiron) - tare da furtawa;
- immunosuppressants (Azathioprine, Cyclosporine) - a cikin ganowar cututtukan cututtuka na autoimmune;
- maganin alurar rigakafi (Ampicillin, Doxycycline, Cefazolin) - lokacin da aka gano matakai masu ciwo.
Cytostatics a cikin ciwon nephrotic
Anyi amfani da ciwo na nephrotic tare da kwayoyin cytostatic a lokuta da rashin dacewa da glucocorticosteroid farfadowa ko rashin tasiri. Wani lokaci ana amfani da su a layi tare da magungunan hormonal, wanda ya ba ka damar rage sashi da ƙananan sakamako masu illa. Wadannan kwayoyi suna aiki a kan rarraba kwayoyin halitta, suna hana su rarraba. Ba za ka iya daukar cytostatics a cikin ciki, cytopenia, nephropathy ba tare da alamun aiki ba, gabanin kamuwa da maganin.
Cin abinci tare da ciwo na nephrotic
Sakamakon ganewar "ciwon ƙwayar cutar nephrotic" - nuni ga nada wani nau'i na abinci mai lamba bakwai, da nufin daidaita al'amuran tsarin rayuwa da kuma samar da fitsari, rage harshe. Babban shawarwari don abinci shine kamar haka:
- 5-6 abinci a rana;
- Cire ƙin gishiri ko ƙuntatawa zuwa 2-4 g kowace rana;
- da amfani da dafa abinci dafa shi a kan steamed, Boiled, stewed;
- ana amfani da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin adadin 1-2 g da kilogram na nauyin;
- ƙara yawan abinci mai arziki a cikin potassium (almonds, dried apricots, soya);
- ragewa a amfani da samfurori da suka haɗa da sauƙin carbohydrates (gurasa marar gurasa, dankali, shinkafa shinkafa);
- ragewa a cikin cin abinci na dabbobi (nama, mai kifi, qwai);
- ƙuntatawa ga yin amfani da ruwa (yin la'akari da ƙwayar fitsari kullum).
Cutar da ciwon nephrotic
Rashin ciwo na ciwo na nephrotic ba wai kawai saboda rashin kulawa da tsari na marasa lafiya, rashin kulawa, amma kuma saboda amfani da wasu magunguna. Abubuwa mafi yawan rikitarwa na ciwon nephrotic sune:
- phlebothrombosis;
- pneumococcal peritonitis;
- ciwon huhu;
- kullun ;
- thromboembolism na rikice-rikice;
- infarct na koda;
- bugun jini na kwakwalwa;
- matsalar nephrotic;
- peptic miki;
- bayyanuwar rashin lafiyar;
- ciwon sukari mellitus da sauransu.