Kowane gonar lambu ya shuka irin wannan kayan lambu mai kyau da ke da kayan lambu, da dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bayan haka ana gudanar da la'akari da wasu dokoki. An dasa shuki a matsayin mai shekaru daya, tushen sa ba ya da daraja ga kabeji da karas. Wannan ita ce amfanin gona, wanda aka sani akan yawancin cibiyoyi.
Yadda za a jiƙa da beets kafin dasa shuki?
Na gargajiya ja tebur beets suna girma daga tsaba ko ta hanyar seedlings. An tattara su a cikin nodules, wanda suke cikin harshe na musamman, daga cikinsu har zuwa harbe biyar zasu iya wucewa. Don ci gaba da ƙwaya, za a iya kwashe harsashi a gaba. Beets kafin dasa an soaked for a rana, sabõda haka, harbe ya bayyana jima. Don yin wannan, haɓaka girma (misali, Epin) ko jiko na itace mai amfani. Bayan an wanke tsaba tare da ruwa mai dumi kuma a sanya shi a kan zane mai tsabta don kwana ɗaya ko biyu. A wannan lokacin zasu zubo, kuma suna tsiro a cikin ƙasa zasu wuce sauri.
Yadda za a dasa beets a bude ƙasa?
Domin tsire-tsire za ta yi girma, za a dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa a ƙasa mai gina jiki, ƙasa mai laushi tare da dan kadan ko kuma tsaka tsaki. Mafi kyawun wadanda za su kasance da albasa, tumatir, cucumbers, wake. Ana dasa shukar beet ba a cikin gonar bayan karas, dankali ko kabeji na kimanin shekaru 3. Don spring harrowing ƙara 20-30 g na sulfuric acid ammonium, 20 g na ammonium nitrate, 15 g da potassium chloride da 30-40 of g superphosphate da 1 m 2 . Don ƙara yawan ƙwayar takarda, 2-3 kg na sauƙin humus da m 2 ana amfani .
Gwoza dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Girman tushen yana ƙaddamar da yawancin shuka - mafi girma tsakanin tsire-tsire masu girma, daɗaɗɗun kayan lambu zasuyi girma (amma masu yawa ba su dace sosai don amfani ba). Yadda za a shuka beets da tsaba a filin bude:
- zana layi, zuwa 4 cm mai zurfi tare da nesa na 20 cm;
- furrows moisturize, tsaba an sanya a cikin su akayi daban-daban tare da intervals tsakanin shrubs 2-3 cm;
- An shuka tsaba a duniya;
- Ba wata shuka ta tsiro daga nodule, don haka lokacin da yarinya suka bayyana, za su buƙaci a karya.
Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa
Idan an dasa gwoza a farkon wuri, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bayan baya an samar da shi ta hanyar shuka. Wannan hanya za ta guje wa matakan da ke cikin gadaje a nan gaba kuma za ta samu yawan amfanin ƙasa mai mahimmanci don makonni 2-3 daga wani lokaci. Yadda za a dasa gwaninta a cikin ƙasa:
- girma sprouts shirya wata daya kafin dasa a kan shafin;
- An dasa shuki da aka shuka a gaba da shi a cikin kwalaye da nauyin ƙwayar na gina jiki, wanda kafin a sa rigar da Phytosporin. Zurfin saukowa - 2-3 cm, ana sanya kwantena a kan windowsill, rufe daga rana, ko a cikin wani greenhouse;
- kula da seedlings ya shafi shafawa ƙasa, barga iska;
- Dredging seedlings a cikin cotyledonous leaf leaf, rarraba harbe a cikin kwantena daban. Don kauce wa harbe, zaka iya saka su a cikin kofuna na peat. Idan seedling tasowa ba tare da picks, to, zai bukatar a karya;
- bayan transplanting seedlings mafi alhẽri rufe tare da littafin Cellophane na farko 2-3 days don kyau rooting;
- lokacin da tsirrai 2-3 girma ganye a cikin seedlings, an yarda su matsa zuwa ƙasa.
Yanayin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Beetroot wata al'ada ce ta thermophilic, ba ta da sauri da shuka. Tushen tsaba a spring, marigayi Afrilu - farkon May, lokacin da dasa shuki beets a bude ƙasa a amince. A wannan lokaci, an saita yawan zafin jiki a sama + 16 ° C, kuma ƙasa mai zurfi zuwa 8-10 cm ya riga ya warke har zuwa + 8-10 ° C, wanda ya zama dole domin cikakken ci gaban amfanin gona. Idan an yi shuka sosai da wuri, kayan lambu za su iya samun sanyi kaɗan kuma ba su ƙulla ba - ƙananan matasan za su sake saki tsire-tsire masu tsayi da tsire-tsire.
Tsire-tsire don hana shi a cikin tukwane, ma, ba shi da daraja, in ba haka ba tushen zai shiga cikin kasan jirgi kuma daga baya ya saya wani nau'in ba bisa doka ba. Matsar da shi a ƙasa a tsakiyar watan Mayu. A shuka na hunturu gwoza za a iya yi a kaka a karshen Oktoba. Bayan dasa shuki tsaba a hanyar gargajiya, a cikin irin wannan yanayi dole ne a rufe yankin da peat ko humus.
Har yaushe gwargwadon yayi girma a cikin ƙasa?
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke shafar ƙwayar beets da germination, rarraba: ci gaba da noma iri, danshi da zazzabi na ƙasa. Idan aka dasa tsaba, ana iya saran ingancin farko har kwana 3-4. A lokacin da dasa shuki kayan bushe, ana shuka tsaba don kwanaki 6-8. Amma wannan shi ne batun karimci. Idan kulawa a cikin shirin gyaratarwa ba daidai ba ne, to, bayyanar sprouts zai iya wuce har zuwa kwanaki 12-15.
Gwoza yana girma a ƙasa
Don girma girma da beets a kan shafin, dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude kunshi a cikin daidaitaccen watering, weeding, da suke dashi, fada tare da parasites. Kulawa mai mahimmanci zai taimaka wajen tattara amfanin gona mai kyau. Yadda za a yi girma beets a bude - asirin:
- gyare-gyare na gadaje bayan tsaftace ruwan sama da ruwa mai zurfi zuwa cikin 4-6 cm ana buƙata don halakar ƙasa da ɓawon burodi, wanda ya hana karɓar iska na amfanin gona na tushen;
- idan an yayyafa shi da ciyayi, to, ƙwayar, da satar da kuma moisturize al'adun za su sami ƙasa da yawa;
- sabõda haka, kayan lambu suna da kyau kuma suna da dadi, ana shuka daji a sau da yawa a saman da bayani gishiri - 1 tbsp da 10 l na ruwa;
- a lokacin kaka, kafin sanyi, an cire 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ana fitar da su, tsabtace, yanke saman;
- Kayan kayan lambu mafi kyau a 0 ° C - / + 2 °.
Kula da ƙwayar kwari
Gudanar da kula da beets a cikin ƙasa yana da kulawa na musamman don girma shuke-shuke. Gwangwani sauƙin sauke ƙananan ƙananan, wanda yake girma sosai a hankali har sai farkon farkon lita ya fara. Ganye ya fita kuma yana baya a ci gaba yayin da ciyawa ke tsiro. Don magance weeds kafin fitarwa ta iri, ana iya biyan gadaje tare da kerosene taraktan - 35-50 g ta 1 m 2 . Lokacin da ya fara fitowa da nau'in nau'i biyu na ganye daga ciyawa ba dole ba, an shayar da yankin tare da bayani na ammonium nitrate - 3 kilogiram da guga na ruwa.
Yaya za a ruwa da beets a bude ƙasa?
Gishiri na gishiri - mai dadi-mai ƙauna, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude ɗaukar nauyin gyare-gyare, la'akari da wasu nuances. Kyakkyawan amfanin gona yana samar da ƙasa mara kyau, amma zai iya jure wa ruwa marar tsabta. Madawa maras dacewa yana haifar da samin nau'in 'ya'yan itatuwa mai ban dariya, ba tare da dandano mai dadi ba. Mafi ban ruwa na busassun ƙasa yana jawo furanni. Tsarin ruwa mai karfi zai haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona ta tushen scab da lalata amfanin gona. Gwoza watering a waje:
- shayar da al'adun lokacin da saman saman ƙasa ya bushe;
- domin kakar kayan lambu suna shayar kimanin sau 3-4, suna bayar da bugun ruwa na ruwa guda 3 a kowace 1 m 2 ;
- Ana yin gyaran shayarwa ta hanyar hanyar sprinkling, domin a sake farfaɗo ganyen shuka, da safe ko maraice;
- idan shafin ba shi da tushe , bayan da aka dasa ƙasa sai a kwashe rana ta gaba;
- don rabin wata kafin girbin da aka tsara, an dakatar da gyaran gyaran, wanda ya inganta yawan sukari a cikin 'ya'yan itace kuma ya inganta lafiyarsu.
Gishiri da ƙwaya a cikin ƙasa
Tsari da ƙudan zuma tare da girma na seedlings karya ta hanyar, kamar yadda daga daya iri, da dama harbe girma densely. Yadda za a yi girma beets a bude filin - thinning:
- A karo na farko da harbe ya farfadowa a lokacin da na farko na takalman ganye na ainihi ya bayyana. An bar lokuta a nesa na 3-4 cm.Dan karin sprouts an koma wani wuri - a wannan mataki an kafa su sosai.
- Anyi nasara ta biyu idan aka yi amfani da ƙwayar matasan kuma amfanin gona mai tushe yana da girman 1.5 cm - barin tsire ɗaya don 6-10 cm Wannan wajibi ne don samar da kayan lambu mai matsakaici - ba karami bane kuma ba giant ba.
- Hanyar da aka fi dacewa bayan yin ruwan sama ko ruwan sama a rana mai hadari.
Wuta na sama na gishiri
Domin girma a dadi tebur gwoza a kan gadaje, dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude presuppose Organic miya. Daga ma'adanai na ma'adinai a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu iya samar da hanyoyi. Features na gwoza girma: saman miya:
- Bayan na farko, inji yana buƙatar ƙarfin da zai bunkasa rosettes. Don yin wannan, a farkon ci gabanta, ana buƙatar da takin mai magani: wani bayani na burbushin tsuntsaye na farko 1:10 ko Mullein 1: 8 - 12 lita na ƙulli da 1 m 2 . An saka shi a cikin rawanin da aka yi a nesa na 5 cm daga harbe. Idan 'ya'yan itace sun zama girman gyada, nitrogen a ciki yana tarawa a cikin nitrates.
- Lokacin da mafi girma a kan rassan zai rufe, kuna buƙatar yin abincin manya: yada itace ash (1 st a 1.5 m 2 ) da ruwa da kushin.
- Boron yana da muhimmanci ga 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tare da rashinsa, kayan lambu suna cike da launin ruwan kasa. A lokacin rani, a cikin yanayi mai hadari, an yayyafa ruwan da ruwa na dilute boric - 5 g da lita 10 na ruwa.
Cututtuka da kwari da beets
Kwayoyin lafiya suna da kyakkyawan wuri ba tare da aibobi ba. Harshen bayyanar da ba a gane ba, launin fata, launin toka, rawaya baki, launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa yana nuna cutar da beets. A shuka zai iya shafar powdery mildew , phorosis, launin ruwan kasa ko tushen rot. Hanya mafi kyau shine bi da bushes tare da kwayoyi masu fuka - Phytosporin ko Bordeaux cakuda a maida hankali na 1%.
Wadanda ake amfani da su a cikin rani sukan shawo kan kwari, aphids, fleas, shchitovidki, scoops. Hanyar hanyar rigakafi ta hanyar kwari za ta kasance mai tsaftacewa daga cikin layuka, mai zurfi na kaka. Lokacin da aphids bayyana, rabu da mu da shi zai taimaka wajen bayani na albasa husks, da miyagun ƙwayoyi Iskra . Kwayoyin kwakwalwa zasu iya cirewa daga Carbophos, kuma furanni suna ɓacewa bayan ban ruwa na furen da ke ƙasa da ash jiko. Tare da sauti, wani kwayar cutar 1% bayani na bitoxybacillin ko 0.5% na homelin zai taimaka. Yin amfani da maimaita kullun Shining da Baikal qara qarar tsire-tsire zuwa tsire-tsire.