Mutanen zamani suna da hangen nesa da radiation da sakamakonta, saboda babban bala'i na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 30 da suka wuce. Nuna radiation ba shi da ganuwa, amma zai iya haifar da canje-canjen haɗari da baza a cikin jiki. A cikin manyan, sau daya-karbi allurai, yana da cikakken m.
Mene ne cututtukan radiation?
A wannan lokaci ana nufin yanayin rashin lafiyar mutum, wanda hakan ya haifar da wani nau'in radiation. Ana tare da bayyanar cututtuka da suka danganci abubuwa da yawa:
- irin radiation radiation;
- da aka samu;
- ramin da yaduwar radiyo ta shiga jiki;
- Girkawar asalin;
- rarraba kashi a jikin mutum.
Magungunan radiation mai tsanani
Irin wannan nau'i na farfadowa yana samuwa ne daga tasiri mai yawa na radiation. Maganin radiation mai tsanani yana tasowa a kan kwayoyin cutar iska fiye da 100 rad (1 Gy). Ya kamata a samu wannan ƙarar barbashi na radiyo sau ɗaya, don ɗan gajeren lokaci. Cutar cutar radiation daga wannan nau'i nan take haifar da sanannun bayyanuwar asibiti. A kwayoyin fiye da 10 Gy, mutum ya mutu bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Hanyar cutar radical
Irin wannan matsala shine ƙananan ciwo na asibiti. An tabbatar da ci gaba da cutar idan kwayoyin yaduwar radiyo ke da ƙasa, adadin mutane 10-50 a kowace rana na dogon lokaci. Alamar alamun cututtuka sun bayyana a yayin da adadin ionization ya kai 70-100 rad (0.7-1 Gy). Matsalar da aka gano ta yau da kullum da kuma jiyya na yau da kullum yana cikin matakai mai zurfi na sabuntawar salula. An mayar da kyallen takalma da aka lalata, kuma alamun alamun ba su iya gani ba na dogon lokaci.
Sanadin cututtukan radiation
Halin halayyar alamun da aka bayyana a ƙarƙashin aikin:
- Radiyon X-ray;
- ions, ciki har da alpha da beta;
- gamma hasken;
- neutrons;
- protons;
- muons da sauran ƙananan ƙira.
Sanadin cututtukan radiation a cikin babban tsari:
- halayen fasahar fasaha a fagen makamashin nukiliya;
- Amfani da jita-jita a cikin ilimin ilmin halitta, ilimin halayyar jini, rheumatology;
- amfani da makaman nukiliya.
Cutar cutar radiation tare da ci gaba na yau da kullum yana tasowa daga baya:
- m radiographic ko radionuclide karatu a magani;
- ayyuka masu sana'a dangane da radiation ionizing;
- cin abinci da ruwa;
- zama a cikin filin rediyo.
Hanyoyin cutar radiation
Irin nau'o'in pathology da aka gabatar an rarraba su daban don yanayin da cutar ta kamu da rashin lafiya. A cikin akwati na farko, ana rarrabe siffofin da ke gaba:
- Bone marrow. Ya dace da kashi radiation na 1-6 Gy. Wannan shi ne kawai nau'i na ilimin lissafi wanda ke da digiri na matsayi da kuma lokaci na cigaba.
- Transitional. Yana taso bayan watsawa zuwa radiation radiation a cikin kashi 6-10 Gy. Yanayin haɗari, wani lokacin yakan haifar da mutuwa.
- Intestinal. Yana faruwa a lokacin da ake nunawa zuwa radiation shine 10-20 Gy. Ana kiyaye alamomin musamman a cikin minti na farko na lalacewa, sakamakon mutuwa ya faru bayan kwanaki 8-16 saboda cikakken asarar epithelium na intestinal.
- Kwaya. Wani sunan kuma shine mummunar cututtuka na rashin lafiya, wanda ya dace da nauyin haɓaka na kimanin 20-80 Gy. Mutuwa na faruwa bayan kwanaki 4-7 akan yanayin baya na halayen hemodynamic mai tsanani.
- Cerebral (fulminant, m). Hoton hoton yana tare da asarar hankali da kuma saukewa a cikin karfin jini bayan da ya kai ga radiation na Gyran 80-120. An yi sakamako na mutuwa a cikin kwanaki 3 na farko, wani lokaci wani mutum ya mutu a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan.
- Mutuwa a karkashin ray. A kwayoyin fiye da 120 Gy, kwayoyin halitta sun mutu a nan take.
Radiation cuta na yau da kullum ya kasu kashi 3:
- Basic. Hanyoyin radiyo ta waje na dogon lokaci.
- Inhomogeneous. Ya haɗa da fitarwa ta waje da na ciki tare da tasiri mai amfani a kan wasu kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda.
- Haɗa. Rawanin da ba a nunawa ga radiation (na gida da na tsari) tare da tasiri gaba ɗaya akan dukan kwayoyin.
Darasi na rashin lafiya
An kiyasta mummunar cin zarafin daidai da adadin radiation da aka karɓa. Matsayin bayyanar cutar rashin lafiya:
- haske - 1-2 Gy;
- matsakaici-nauyi - 2-4 Gy;
- nauyi - 4-6 Gy;
- musamman nauyi - fiye da 6 Gy.
Cutar cututtuka - bayyanar cututtuka
Hoto na hoto na pathology ya dogara da siffarsa da mataki na lalacewar gabobin ciki da kyallen takarda. Alamun da ke faruwa na yau da kullum game da cutar radiation a wani mataki mai sauki:
- rashin ƙarfi;
- Nausea;
- ciwon kai;
- furta blush;
- lalata;
- gajiya;
- ji na bushewa, haushi a bakin .
Hanyoyin cututtuka na bayyanar radiation zuwa nauyin haɓaka:
- vomiting;
- zazzabi;
- zawo;
- m redness na fata;
- faɗuwa;
- babban ciwon kai;
- hypotension;
- imprecision na bugun jini;
- bradycardia ;
- rashin daidaito;
- Ƙarƙashin ƙafafun ƙwayoyin ƙafafun;
- rashin ci;
- itching;
- ƙuntatawa na hanji ;
- zub da jini;
- kafawar ulcers a kan mucous membranes;
- asarar gashi;
- thinning, gaggautsa kusoshi;
- rikice-rikice na kwayoyin halitta;
- zafi a zuciya ;
- cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi;
- girgiza da yatsunsu;
- bacewar hanzari;
- rage ƙwayar tsoka;
- na ciki basus;
- lalacewa na aiki mafi girma;
- hepatitis da sauransu.
Lokaci na rashin lafiya na radiation
Lalacewar radiation mai sauƙi yana faruwa a 4 matakai. Kowace lokaci ya dogara da mataki na cutar radiation da tsananinta:
- Na farko abu. Hanya na farko yana da kwanaki 1-5, an ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da aka karɓa daga irradiation - adadin a Gy + 1. Babban alamar bayyanar farko shine m maye gurbin jiki , wanda ya hada da alamomi guda biyar - ciwon kai, rauni, vomiting, redness na fata da jiki .
- Magancin tunanin kirki. Hakan "lokacin tafiya" yana nuna cewa babu wani hoto na asibiti. Mai haƙuri yana tsammanin cutar rashin lafiya ta sake komawa, amma yanayin da ke cikin jiki yana cigaba. Sakamakon cutar zai iya zama kawai saboda keta hakkokin jini.
- Hasken zafi. A wannan mataki, yawancin alamun da aka ambata a sama an lura. Girmansu ya danganta da irin ciwon da aka samu da kuma jigilar radiation da aka samu.
- Farfadowa. Tare da adadin radiation wanda ya dace da rayuwa, kuma isasshen farfadowa, dawo da farawa. Duk hanyoyi da tsarin sannu-sannu sun koma aiki na al'ada.
Ciwon radiation - jiyya
An fara farfadowa bayan sakamakon binciken mutumin da ya ji rauni. Amfani da lafiyar cututtuka ya dogara ne akan nauyin lalacewa da kuma rashin lafiyar pathology. Lokacin karɓar ƙananan isasshen radiation, zai sauka don dakatar da bayyanar cututtuka na guba da tsaftace jiki na gubobi. A lokuta masu tsanani, ana buƙatar wata farfadowa ta musamman, da nufin daidaita duk matsalolin da suka taso.
Maganin radiation shine farkon taimakon likita
Idan mutum ya fallasa shi zuwa radiation, dole ne a kira wani rukunin kwararru nan da nan. Kafin su isa, kana buƙatar yin wasu magudi.
Magungunan radiation mai zurfi - taimako na farko:
- Cire gaba daya da wanda aka azabtar (kayan riga an zana).
- Yi wanke sosai a karkashin ruwa.
- Yana da kyau a wanke idanu, baki da ƙananan hanci tare da soda bayani.
- Kurkura ciki da intestines.
- Ka ba masu maganin maganin maganin cutar (Metoclopramide ko wani analogue).
Magungunan radiation mai tsanani - magani
Lokacin da aka shiga asibitin asibiti an sanya mutum a cikin wani asibiti na asibiti (akwatin) don hana kamuwa da cuta da sauran rikitarwa na pathology da aka bayyana. Maganin radiation yana buƙatar tsarin tsarin warkewa:
- Cessation na vomiting. An zabi Ondansetron, Metoclopramide, neuroleptic Chlorpromazine. A gaban ciwon daji, platifillin hydrotartrate ko atropine sulfate mafi kyau ya dace.
- Detoxification. Droppers tare da maganin ilimin lissafi da glucose, an yi amfani da shirye-shiryen Dextran.
- Matsalar canzawa. Harkokin radiation mai tsanani ya shafi abinci mai gina jiki. Don yin wannan, ƙarancin haɓaka da mafita tare da babban abun ciki na abubuwa masu alama, amino acid da bitamin - Intralipid, Lipofundin, Infezol, Aminol da sauransu.
- Maidowa jini. Don hanzarta samuwar granulocytes kuma ƙara haɗuwa a cikin jikin da ake gudanarwa a cikin intravenously Filgrastim. Yawancin marasa lafiya da cututtukan radiation sun hada da nuna jinin yau da kullum na jini mai bayarwa.
- Jiyya da rigakafin cututtuka. Magungunan maganin rigakafi tare da bidiyoyin aiki sun zama dole - Methylcin, Tseporin, Kanamycin da analogues. Shirye-shiryen abubuwa na halitta, irin su hyperimmune, plasma antistaphylococcal, taimaka wajen kara yawan tasiri.
- Ƙinƙasar aikin aikin microflora na ciki da fungi. A wannan yanayin, ma, an riga an tsara maganin rigakafi - Neomycin, Gentamicin, Ristomycin. Don hana candidiasis, Nystatin, Amphotericin B.
- Far na ƙwayoyin cuta. A matsayin likita, Acyclovir ya bada shawarar.
- Yin gwagwarmayar jini. Inganta coagulation na jini da ƙarfafa ganuwar ganuwar sunadaran hormones, Dicinone, Rutin, protein fibrinogen, shirye-shiryen E-ACC.
- Maidowa na microcirculation da rigakafin jini clots. Heparins mai amfani - Nadroparin, Enoxaparin da ma'anarsu.
- Kupirovanie inflammatory tafiyar matakai. Mafi yawan sakamako ne ya haifar da prednisolone a kananan allurai.
- Rigakafin rushe. Nuna glycosides cardiac , Nitacamide, Phenylephrine, Sulphocamphocaine.
- Inganta tsari na neuroendocrine. Intravenously allura Novocain, bugu da žari amfani da bitamin B, alli gluconate.
- Magungunan antiseptic na ulcers a kan mucous membranes. Shawara rinsing soda ko novocaine bayani, furatsilinom, hydrogen peroxide, emulsion propolis da kuma kamar.
- Wuraren gida don cutar da aka shafa. A kan ƙananan yankunan da ake amfani da su sunyi amfani da Rivanol, Linol, Furacilin.
- Ƙwararren maganganu. Dangane da alamomin da aka samo, marasa lafiya suna wajabtaccen tsari, magungunan antihistamines da magungunan maganin jinya, masu sintiri.
Magungunan yanayin radiation - magani
Babban bangare na farfadowa a cikin wannan halin shine mutuwar lambobin sadarwa tare da radiation. Don m rauni, an shawarar:
- bitamin abinci;
- motsa jiki;
- abubuwan da ke samar da kwayoyin halitta (lemongrass, ginseng da sauransu);
- shirye-shiryen bromine tare da maganin kafeyin;
- bitamin na rukuni B;
- a kan alamomi - tranquilizers.
Hanyar, yadda za a bi da cututtukan radiation na rashin lafiya a cikin wani matsala mai tsanani, suna da alaƙa da hanyoyin hanyoyin farfadowa. Harkokin tasirin kiwon lafiyar ya dogara da:
- digiri na lalacewar rediyo;
- bayyanar takamaiman fasali;
- gaban rikitarwa.
Sakamakon cutar rashin radiation
Halin yanayin lalacewa ba daidai ba ne ya dace da nau'in kwayoyin halitta da aka yi amfani da shi kuma an samu kashi. Sakamakon yalwataccen rediyo:
- rageccen rai rai;
- Kayan aiki;
- m ciwace-ciwacen daji;
- sabuntawa ta jiki (gadon);
- canje-canje a cikin tsarin haihuwa;
- sclerosis na jini da kyallen takarda;
- pathologies na rigakafin da sauransu.
Maganin radiation - rigakafin
Shirye-shiryen kariya don hana ci gaba da ilimin likita. Rigakafin cututtukan radiation:
- zanewa na yankunan da aka nuna a radiation;
- kiyaye dokokin dokoki;
- karɓar radioprotectors, bitamin C, B6 da P;
- amfani da anabolic hormonal.