Mene ne lafiya da kuma yadda za a kiyaye shi har shekaru masu zuwa?

Lafiya shi ne mafi muhimmanci ga mutum, amma idan dai bai kasa ba, mutane suna da damuwa game da shi. Don fara kare lafiyar ya biyo baya lokacin da yake: don kauce wa wannan ganima, kuma ku bi wannan don ƙarfafa shi.

Menene bayanin lafiya - fassarar

Binciken abin da lafiyar yake, ya canza a tsawon lokaci. Saboda haka, a cikin karni na 11 BC. likita Galen ya bayyana lafiyar shi azaman yanayin da babu wani ciwo, kuma yana taimakawa wajen cika ayyukan. Tun farkon karni na 20, ra'ayi kan lafiyar ya canza sosai, ya fadada kuma ya kara zurfafawa. Maganar WHO game da kiwon lafiyar ya nuna cewa lafiyar ta hada da wasu dalilai da suka ƙunshi zamantakewa, jin daɗin jiki da tunani.

Wasu masanan kimiyya, suna yin la'akari da irin lafiyar da suke ciki, da aka sanya a cikin wannan ra'ayi da kuma damar da suka dace na jiki. Saukar da sauƙin jiki ya janyo hankalin canje-canje a cikin yanayi, daidaitawa, yaƙarar cututtukan cututtuka, ƙarfin lafiyar lafiyar. Ayyuka na kwarewa sun hada da damar yin tsayayya da damuwa na jiki da na tunani na dogon lokaci.

Lafiya ta jiki

Lafiya ta jiki shine jiki na jiki wanda dukkanin sassan jiki da sassan jikin su ke aiki daidai. Kyakkyawan lafiyar jiki yana taimaka wa mutum ya shiga aikinsa, al'amuran al'ada da hutawa. Sakamakon abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar jiki sune irin wadannan abubuwa:

• matakin ci gaba na mutum;
• shekaru anatomical da fasali;
• matakin lafiyar jiki;
• gaban ko babu cututtuka a cikin m ko na yau da kullum nau'i;
• lahani na jiki.

Sashin Lafiya

Tambayar, menene lafiyar hankali, za a iya gani daga bangarorin biyu:

1. Daga ra'ayi na likita, likita na tunanin mutum shine rashin ciwon hauka da ƙananan ci gaban mutum.
2. Daga ra'ayi na ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, wata kasa ce da ke ba ka damar fahimtar kwarewarka, da tabbatar da kanka a matsayin mutum, da samun kyakkyawar hangen zaman gaba a rayuwa, da yin kokarin ci gaba da cimma manufofinka, don yin hulɗa da kyau tare da mutanen da ke kewaye da su da kuma zama mai amfani a cikin al'umma.

Matakan kiwon lafiya

A cikin ilimin likita da zamantakewar al'umma, ana nuna bambancin matakan kiwon lafiya:

• lafiyar mutum na mutum, wanda wanda ya fahimci halin lafiyar mutum;
• kiwon lafiya na yanki - yanayin kiwon lafiyar mutanen da ke cikin gunduma guda ɗaya;
• kiwon lafiyar jama'a - kiwon lafiyar al'umma ko kabila da aka zabi;
• kiwon lafiyar jama'a - Jihar kiwon lafiyar al'umma gaba daya.

Alamar kiwon lafiya

Babban alamun kiwon lafiyar sun haɗa da waɗannan abubuwa:

• kwayoyin halitta : sun haɗa da kwayar halittar, rashin daidaituwa da lahani da aka zaba;
• ilimin halittar jiki : mataki na cigaban jiki da kuma irin tsarin mulki;
• biochemical : matakin ma'auni na nazarin halittu ruwaye da kyallen takarda;
• na asibiti , magana game da kasancewa ko babu cuta;
• na rayuwa : jimlar matakai na rayuwa;
• aiki : wannan rukunin ya haɗa da sauran al'amuran da kuma karɓuwa, da kuma damar da aka tanadar da kwayoyin halitta da kuma nau'in aikin;
• m , ciki har da tunanin tunani da halayyar zuciya, nau'i na GNI da yanayin;
• zamantakewa da ruhaniya : dabi'un dabi'a da manufofin mutum, bukatu da sha'awa.

Alamar lafiyar mutum

Manufofi na manufar lafiyar mutum sun hada da ma'auni 12:

1. Ruwan jini. Matsayi mai kyau shine nau'in 110/70 mm Hg. Art. Wasu samfuran sun ce cewa tare da shekaru, matsa lamba zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa 120-130 mm Hg. kuma cewa irin wannan karuwa ne na al'ada. Wannan ra'ayi za a iya kira dashi, saboda a hakika wani karuwa a matsa lamba shine sakamakon rashin lafiya da kuma halin rayuwa mara kyau.
2. Zuciyar zuciya (zuciya) a hutawa. Daidaitaccen tsari ne na 60 a minti daya.
3. Ragowar motsi. A cikin minti daya ya kamata ya zama bazara fiye da 16.
4. Jiki jiki. Mutum mai lafiya yana da yawan zafin jiki na 36.60 С.
5. Hemoglobin. Ga mata, ka'idar hemoglobin na da 120 mg / l, kuma ga maza - 130 mg / l. Rashin fadin wannan alamar yana haifar da canje-canje mara kyau a cikin bayanai na wasu sigogi.
6. Bilirubin. Yawanci wannan adadi ne 21 μmol / l. Yana nuna yadda jiki ya dame tare da aiwatar da kwayoyin jini mai karuwa.
7. Urin. Kowace rana, lita na fitsari yana janye daga jikin mutum tare da takamaiman 1020 da acidity na 5.5.
8. Index of tsawo da nauyi. An ƙididdige wannan lissafin daga matakan ta hanyar janye jiki daga karuwar.
9. Sugar cikin jini. Adadin al'ada shi ne 5.5 mlol / l.
10. PH na jini. An yi la'akari da al'ada a cikin kewayon 7.32-7.42. Bayanan da ke ƙasa 6.8 kuma sama da 7.8 sun mutu.
11. Leukocytes. A cikin mutumin kirki, ƙididdigar leukocyte zai zama 4.5,000 a digiri na tara. Lambobin da aka karɓa sun nuna cewa kasancewa wani tsari na ƙwayar cuta.
12. Cholesterol. Tsarin cholesterol na al'ada bai wuce 200 MG / dl ba. Lissafi na 239 MG / dl shine matsakaicin halatta.

Alamar kiwon lafiya na jama'a

Harkokin lafiyar jama'a na nuna halin kiwon lafiya na kowacce al'umma kuma yana nuna halin da ake ciki na ci gaba. Ya haɗa da waɗannan dalilai:

1. Rawan haihuwa. Ya ƙunshi yawan haifa a kowace shekara ta kowace shekara. Mai nuna alama shine zubar da yara 20-30.
2. Rayuwar mutuwa. Rayuwar mutuwa ta mutuwa ita ce mutuwar 15-16 a kowace shekara ta mutane dubu. Idan mace-mace ta hanyar haihuwa yana dauke da al'ada, to, an yi la'akari da mutuwar jarirai a matsayin abin tausayi kuma yana nuna rashin tausayi na zamantakewa. Rahotan ƙananan jarirai na kananan yara ba su da yara 15 a kowace shekara ta yara 1000, mafi girma - fiye da yara 60.
3. Yawan yawan jama'a ya nuna bambanci tsakanin yawan yara da aka haife su da yawan mahalarta 'yan kasuwa.
4. Matsayin rai na rayuwa. Alamar mai kyau shine adadi na shekaru 65-75, wanda bai dace ba a shekaru 40-50.
5. Mahimmancin tsufa na mambobi ne na lissafi daga bambanci tsakanin adadin mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin 60 da kuma bayan 60. Mai nuna rashin fahimta yana da kashi fiye da 20, kuma mai nuna alama ya zama kasa da 5.
6. Hanyoyin motsi na jama'a suna nuna yawan hijirar.
7. Rawan da ya faru.
8. Mai nuna alama ga rashin lafiya da rashin lafiya.
9. Alamar bunkasa jiki yana dogara ne da kabilanci, yanayin yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi.

Abubuwan da ke shafi lafiyar mutum

Harkokin lafiyar mutum ya dogara ne da wasu yanayi, don haka sanin abin da halayen haɗarin lafiyar mutum, da abin da ke taimakawa wajen inganta shi, zai iya taimakawa kowane memba na al'umma ya inganta lafiyarsu. Dukkan abubuwan da zasu shafi lafiyar mutum zasu iya raba zuwa kungiyoyi masu zuwa:

• hanyar rayuwa;
• nazarin halittu;
• yanayin zamantakewar tattalin arziki;
• Jihar yanayin;
• samun likita.

Abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen inganta lafiyar jiki

Yin nazarin yadda za a adana lafiyar mutum, likitoci sun gano abubuwan da ke faruwa:

1. Rational abinci da abinci. Ya kamata a bambanta menu, daidaitacce, kuma abincin ya kamata a dauka bisa ga tsarin mulki.
2. Ayyukan jiki na takaici.
3. Duka cikakke, barcin lafiya.
4. Tsabtace mutum, gida mai tsabta.
5. Tsarin hanyoyi.
6. Kyakkyawan yanayin yanayi. Kodayake kimiyya ba ta dogara ne akan kowa ba, amma duk da haka ya kamata ya zaɓi yankuna masu tsabta don rayuwa.
7. Optimism da kuma karfi mai juyayi tsarin. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, an san cewa yanayin tsarin jin dadi yana nuna lafiyar jiki.

Abubuwan da ke halakar da lafiya

Tunani game da lafiyar da ake ciki, ba su cika ba tare da nazarin abin da ke da tasiri a yanayinsa ba. Idan kayi la'akari da abubuwan da suke dashi ga lafiyar jiki, da kuma kokarin kauce wa su, za ka iya tada matsayinka na rayuwa da kuma jin kanka dan mutum mai farin ciki. Abubuwan da ke cutar da lafiyar sun hada da:

1. Hanyoyin cutarwa: amfani da barasa, shan taba, shan jima'i da cin zarafi.
2. Abincin ba daidai ba. Haɓaka a cikin rabon gizon carbohydrates da abubuwan da ke dauke da mai mai ciki a cikin menu kuma rage a cikin rabon 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari yana haifar da karuwar gwanin, rage rigakafin, raunin bitamin da rashi a cikin jikin ma'adanai.
3. Hypodinamy. Kowace shekara akwai raguwa a cikin motsi na yawancin jama'a, wanda zai haifar da raunana ayyuka na jiki da cututtuka masu yawa.
4. Ƙarfafa da kwarewa.

Kariya ta kiwon lafiya

Ƙungiyar lafiya ita ce ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarori na nasara. Harkokin lafiyar 'yan ƙasa na da alhakin rigakafi da kariya ga lafiyar jama'a. Harkokin kiwon lafiya shine haɗuwa da matakai na siyasa, zamantakewa, likita, al'adu, tattalin arziki da kuma tsabtace tsarin da nufin inganta yanayin lafiyar kowane memba na al'umma. Wadannan matakan suna nufin kiyaye lafiyar, kula da 'yan ƙasa da hanawa. Yara da lafiyar mata sune wuraren zama na kiwon lafiya.