Noma dankali ne mai tsari saba da mutane da yawa masu rani cottages. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na noma: wasu masu rani na zamani sunyi amfani da fasahohi ta hanyar amfani da tsari, mafi yawan masu haƙuri suna kokarin shuka dankali da tsaba.
Shiri dankali don dasa
Kowane iri zai yi girma da sauri kuma ya ba da girbi mai kyau, idan ya taimake shi kadan. Taimako daga mazaunin rani ya ƙunshi rigakafin cututtuka da kuma cika tare da na gina jiki. Tsire-tsire mai dankali a dacha zai buƙaci ƙoƙari mai yawa don sa tubers girma da girma kuma amfanin gona yana farin ciki da yawa. Ba batun karshe ba zai zama germination na dasa kayan.
Fiye da aiwatar da dankalin turawa kafin sauka?
Kula da dankalin turawa, tubers kafin dasa shuki aka tsara don kare cututtuka da kuma bayyanar kwari, bunkasa cigaba da ƙarin samfurori na kayan shuka.
- Gudurar idanu shine muhimmin mahimmanci a shirye-shirye na tubers, da kuma ci gaba da taimakawa wajen yin wannan qualitatively. Daga cikin sunayen da ba a san su ba a kan shagon a cikin shagon, dole a biya hankali ga samfurin "Potitein." Baya ga ciyar da tubers tare da zinc da manganese, da "Micon" wakili zai taimaka, yana jin dadin rashin bukatar.
- A al'ada, mazauna rani suna bin tsaba da jan karfe sulfate, suna yin jigilar teaspoon na foda a lita guda uku. Ya kamata ku nutsar da tsaba a cikin bayani, amma kada ku yada su. Ana gudanar da magani a kwana uku zuwa hudu kafin fitarwa.
- Saturate da tsaba tare da na gina jiki zai taimaka wajen "Nitrofoska" da kuma "Masu ƙarfi". Ayyukan farawa kafin sauka: kowane kwana goma, ya kamata ku shirya tsaba tare da bayani sau uku.
- Ga namo dankali, "Prestige" ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai karewa daga ƙwaro na Colorado. Tsayawa mafi tsayi ga girbi zai taimaka wa shirye-shirye na tandem "Prestige" da kuma "Maxim", mutanen da ke cikin rani masu zuwa a wannan hanya ba shine shekarar farko ba. Daga crunches ne mai kyau "Force", aiki lafiya tare da wireworm.
Yadda zaka shuka dankali don dasa shuki?
- Germination a cikin haske. An saka dankali a cikin wani ma'auni a cikin kwalaye na katako ko na filastik, wanda ya ɗora sama da juna. Ana sanya wannan duka ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, yana rufe saman launi na tsaba da gauze. Tsarin ya ɗauki kimanin wata. Yanayin zafin jiki ya sauko daga 20 ° C zuwa 12 ° C, saboda haka tubers suna taurare.
- Dankali kafin dasa ci gaba da sawdust ko peat. Duk abin zai faru da sauri, tare da amfani da makamashi kaɗan. A cikin kwalaye da aka saka, a kan shi a cikin wani ma'auni na tubers. Duk wannan an zuba a kan m substrate, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci moisturize. A cikin kwanaki 20 za a yi harbe.
- Hanyar haɗakarwa tana ba da iyakar sakamako kuma yana ba da dama don gyara ƙuntatawar. Bayan haske germination, ana aika da sutura zuwa wani abu mai tsami na mako daya.
- Gwaji shi ne mafita ga mazauna bazara, wanda ba zai iya shiga cikin hanyoyi uku na shirya tsaba ba. Gwaninta, zubar ko ɗayan duniyar an rufe shi da fim da tsaba da aka watsar da shirye-shirye da shirye-shirye a ƙasa. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau ra'ayin da za a bi da tubers tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani .
Hanyar dasa dankali
Akwai fasaha da yawa don kawar da wannan amfanin gona. Masu yawan rani na ci gaba suna amfani da sababbin ƙwayar dankalin turawa, wanda ba'a so ya bar fassarar gargajiyar gargajiya. Dukkan hanyoyin dasa dankali suna bukatar, kowanensu yana da amfani, wanda ya sa ya zama sananne a cikin lambu. Bugu da ƙari, irin yadda aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai tushe za a iya sanya shi a karkashin fim ko bambaro.
Shuka dankali a bude ƙasa
Shekaru da yawa fasaha na dasa dankali ba ya canza ba, ya kasance dacewa ga manoma na zamani:
- Ana shirya kayan gado daga kaka, suna nuna alamar 30 cm a kowace 45 cm, a bayan girbi, an rage ragowar tsire-tsire, dafa abinci bayan salads, duk wannan an yi shi da wani lakaran da aka fadi (yana da muhimmanci kada a kara gwada yadudduka);
- A cikin bazara, a cikin shirye-shiryen jiragen ruwa, toka, ƙara taki da superphosphates;
- ana sanya su a kan zurfin kimanin 8 cm, yafa masa ƙasa;
- idan a kan gadaje mai tushe zai yi girma zuwa 15 cm, sai su fara fashi, ana maimaita hanya akai sau da yawa;
- Gudun ruwa yana dogara ne akan yanayin yanayi: a lokacin rani rani za a shayar da shi, a lokacin ruwan damina ana ragewa sosai, kuma wata daya kafin girbi ya tsaya.
Shuka dankali a karkashin bambaro
Tsari na bambaro yana cire daga jerin ma'aunin matakan tsaftacewa, digging sama da ƙasa (yana da isasshen sabawa), yana simintin watering saboda kyakkyawan riƙewa. Duk da haka, naman dankali a ƙarƙashin bambaro yana dauke da tsari mai kyau, in ba haka ba duk kokarin zai zama banza. In ba haka ba, babu matsaloli:
- sauƙaƙe da shirye-shirye na kasar gona zai taimaka gadaje masu gadaje da katako, saboda dukan weeds za su kawai jimre ƙarƙashin shi kuma juya a cikin wani taki;
- Gwano na noma fara daga ƙarshen watan Mayu zuwa farkon watan Yuni: raunuka mai zurfi a kowace 40 cm an yi a cikin ƙasa mai sassaka;
- Add a little ash kafin tubers ana shuka su hana bayyanar slugs;
- tsaba kawai dan kadan yafa masa ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma rufe hay da wani Layer na game da 45 cm;
- sabõda haka, a cikin bushe hay babu wani maras so slugs, jere jerawa ne peppered tare da crushed eggshell;
- ruwa kawai a lokacin bushe;
- musamman za su so girbi, saboda kawai kuna buƙatar fatar da hay da kuma cire dankali daga farfajiya, ba zai zama tare da cloing earth clod ba.
Noma dankali a karkashin fim
Fim din a harkokin kasuwanci agrarian na zamani shine mataimaki mai mahimmanci. Yawan shahararren yana girma a kowace shekara, saboda yana yiwuwa a shuka dankali a ƙarƙashin murfin sauri kuma ba tare da kokari ba. Wannan hanya yana da kyau ga farkon iri:
- tubers suna neman manyan, sun fi dacewa da jure yanayin karkashin fim;
- Mun zabi wuri don dasa shuki a kudu, inda kasar gona ta bushe da sauri bayan sanyi;
- farkon dankali kamar walƙiya mai haske da dried peat bogs, kyakkyawan mayar da martani ga gabatarwa da cakuda 30 g na potassium chloride da 1 g na jan karfe sulfate, aka yi musu magani a cikin lita goma;
- matsakaicin nisa na fim shine kimanin 120-180 cm, lokacin da girma dankali wannan daidai yake da rassa uku don dasa shuki, zurfafa ginin ta 8 cm;
- An mika fim din a kan firam ko aka sanya shi tsaye akan ƙasa;
- jira 20 ° C da farko harbe don fara samun iska yau da kullum, da zarar zafi yana da zafi sosai kuma bishiyoyi sun kai 25 cm, ana yin ramuka a cikin wani abu mai ban tsoro a cikin fim;
- safiyar farko a kan riguna na farko a mako na uku bayan girbi, dauka urea da ammonium sulfate a ma'aunin daidaito;
- a karo na biyu suna yin potassium nitrate da potassium sulfate kafin budding, ruwa ko bushe irin aikace-aikacen da aka yarda;
- a lokacin damina, ba'a buƙatar ruwa, ruwan sha na tsawon lokacin rani shine lita 50 a kowace murabba'i.
Hanyoyi na dankalin turawa
Yawancin mazaunan rani wadanda ke da damar sanya akwatuna a kan windowsills da seedlings, an samu nasarar shirya domin kakar da sprouting tsaba tumatir, cucumbers ko eggplants. Amma abu ne mai kyau don shuka dankali ta hanyar hanyar iri. Haka ne, kuma classic tuber version yana da dama asali zažužžukan. Halin yanayin shuka dankali ya dogara ne akan girman mãkircin, burin da girbi da aka so.
Yadda zaka shuka dankali daga tsaba?
Wuraren da ake bukata don saurin saurin sau da yawa, dankali ba su da cututtuka, ba a nuna su ba a cikin blight, wannan kyakkyawan zaɓi ne don samun kayan dasa kayan ingancin lokaci. Amma ko da mafi dace shuka dankali ba zai cece ka daga wasu matsalolin ba, za ka yi amfani da kowane irin kwayoyi don kiyaye adadin ƙwayar mikiya da kuma ban sha'awa:
- da shirye-shirye na tsaba sun kunshi durƙasawa, daɗawa a cikin ruwa, ko ingantaccen girma;
- a ƙarshen Maris sun fara sauka a cikin kwalaye: wani ɓangaren ɓangaren duniya da sassa hudu na peat an kara da shi da takin mai magani da kuma moisturized;
- ana shuka tsaba da aka shuka a kan gadaje 5 cm a kowace 10 cm kuma an yayyafa shi da yashi (yashi yana dan karamin karawa don kada ya wanke a lokacin watering);
- don mafi yawancin yankuna yana dacewa da fitar da dankali a cikin greenhouses, yana girma seedlings bayan bayyanar wani ɓangare na ganye ci gaba a peat tukwane;
- Ƙarshen watan Mayu yana da dumi sosai don canjawa cikin ƙasa.
Dasa dankali da tubers
Kodayake tsarin tuber yana dauke da kyan gani, yana da matakai masu ban sha'awa. Abubuwan halayyar girma dankali ko da yaushe sun zo ne daga yanayin girma da kuma yiwuwar mazaunin rani:
- Baya ga hanyoyin da aka riga aka saba a ƙarƙashin bambaro ko fim, an dasa shuki a cikin tudu, lokacin da aka dasa shuki ba a cikin ramuka ba, amma a cikin gadajen da ke cike da zane-zane (a can kasar gona ta fi sauri, bazai buƙatar a zubar da ƙima ba a kullum a cikin furrows);
- idan akwai 'yan wurare kaɗan a kan shafin, noma dankali a cikin jaka ko a kan gadaje mai rufi;
- Wasu mazauna lokacin rani sun mallaki hanyar yin girma a cikin rassan kwayoyin halitta.
Asirin girma dankali
Kyakkyawan hanyar da za ta dace da kasuwanci zai haifar da sakamako. Tare da sanannun hanyoyi na dasa da kula da dankali, yana da daraja ƙoƙari irin wannan fasaha:
- wani haɗari mai zurfi mai zurfi ya nuna ba kawai girman idanu ba, har ma da tsakiyar da ƙananan, kuma wannan shuri ne mai karfi kuma mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba;
- dasa shi ne mafi alhẽri a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu;
- idan makonni biyu bayan flowering ya karya tushe na daji a wani tsawo na 10 cm, abubuwan gina jiki zasu dawo zuwa tushen da kuma aiki don amfanin amfanin gona;
- Za a iya yin amfani da iri na farko don samar da amfanin gona guda biyu: bayan diguwa, kawai mafi yawan tubers an tsage kuma an dawo daji zuwa wurinsa, bayan zuba guga na ruwa cikin rami kafin faduwar, daji zai ba da amfanin gona na biyu.
Dankali dasa lokaci
Abin damuwa sosai, amma dasa shuki na farko da dankali a ƙarƙashin fim yana gudana a wasu lokuta, fadowa a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu. A karkashin sanyi fim, da tubers ba m. Idan wani abu ne na dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ta hanya ta hanya, to sai ya zama dole a jira kasar gona ta dumama har zuwa 8 ° C. Ga kowane yanki ne kwanan wata. Gane zuwan lokacin da ake so yana iya zama akan wannan dalili:
- bayyanar takarda a kan bishiyar Birch da buɗewa da bishiyoyi na ceri - siginar alama don farawa aiki, a nan ya hada da buɗewa na dandelions;
- yana da kyau a ga ganin yanayin yanayi na makonni biyu masu zuwa a wasu kafofin da yawa.
Taki don dankali lokacin da dasa
Tsarin tsarin al'adu ya ɓullo da talauci, sabili da haka, ya kamata a ciyar da tubers nan da nan a lokacin saukowa, don haka ya fara farawa. Shuka da kuma kula da dankali za a sauƙaƙe da sauƙi da takin gargajiya da aka sanya a cikin rami:
- Rashin tsintsa suna ƙaunata da girmamawa da mazaunan rani-masu farawa da masu mallakar gidaje, saboda yana da kantin potassium, phosphorus da manganese, shi ma ya sassauta ƙasa;
- sa kasar gona ta numfasawa kuma ta yi adadi mai mahimmanci da zai iya amfani da shi, a jefa a cikin rami (wanda ya isa rabin lita na iya);
- manufa mai mahimmanci kuma ko da yaushe akan kara bayani - ƙara yayin dasa shuki humus, adadin daidai yake.