Idan kana so ka ba da kayan lambu, ka kula da shuka actinidia, dasa shuki da kula da shi yana iya sauƙi. Yana da nau'i na lianas, a cikin yanayi yana da yawa a cikin Himalayas, China, Japan, a Sakhalin. Sunan al'adun ya fito daga kalmar Helenanci kuma yana nufin "star". Masu shayarwa sun fito da iri dake nuna 'ya'ya a yankuna da yawa na Rasha.
Actinidia Description
Babban abin da yake da shi shi ne wani abu ne mai tsayi, hawa a kan goyon baya zuwa babban tsawo. Yana faranta idanu tare da kyakkyawa kuma yana janyo hankalin sifofin warkarwa na berries. Kowa ya san 'ya'yan itacen actinidia delicacy (Sinanci) - kiwi. Al'adu na janyo hankalin lambu tare da kayan ado, magungunan magani da fecundity. Bayani na taƙaitaccen al'ada:
- Wannan al'adu ne mai banƙyama da ƙananan rassan, don samun 'ya'ya, ana buƙatar tsirrai namiji da mace.
- Jima'i na harbe an kiyasta ta hanyar jigilar: akan furanni namiji suna tarawa ta shida ko fiye, a kan mace an ware su.
- Ƙananan fata ne na fata, ƙuƙwalwa a gefuna.
- Blossoms actinidia snow-farin, orange, yellowish buds, reminiscent na asterisks.
- Gashin daji a watan Satumba ya bada 'ya'yan itace mai dadi da' ya'yan itace da ƙananan bishiyoyi da ƙanshi na abarba. Ta wurin rabuwa na bitamin C, Berry ya wuce baki da 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus.
Kullun da yake motsawa yana son lambu a duk shekara zagaye: a cikin idon ruwa mai haske, a cikin lokacin flowering - tare da ƙanshi. A wasu nau'o'in a watan Agustan da aka sanya bishiyoyi sun zama jan launi. A cikin kaka da shuka ya zama haske mai launi na zinariya, a watan Oktoba ganyayyaki sun fadi. Daji ya dace da shimfidar wuri, yana amfani da shi a matsayin kayan ado don shinge, wani shinge, wani gado, wani fage na gidan.
Actinidia - iri
Akwai nau'o'in shrubby actinidia, sun bambanta a lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa, girman berries da daji. Mafi shahararren gonar shi ne polygamous da hujja. Abu mafi mahimmanci ga yankin ƙasar Rasha shine la'akari da shi, wanda daga bisani aka samu Michurin da Clara Zetkin. A shuka shi ne nagarta ga sanyi sanyi, yana rayuwa a -45 ° С. Oval ganye suna da ban mamaki dukiya - 5-10 days kafin flowering, da farantin ya zama fari, sa'an nan kuma pigmented zuwa launin launi. Buds wari mai kyau, da kuma kayan lambu na dutse, yana da girma da kuma dandano mai dadi.
Shawarar Actinidia
Idan girmansa yana da matsayi mafi girma, tsayin itacen inabi zai kai mita 30. Girman jikinta ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 20 centimeters. Arguta da kyau yana yada bishiyoyi, yana ba su wani abu mai ban mamaki. 'Ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri sune mafi girma a cikin dukkan dangi, suna kama da kiwi, actinidia na gardama yana da furen furanni. Her berries a kan ƙanshi suna kama abarba, duhu kore, m da fleshy. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace 6 grams, zai girbe girbi kafin karshen watan Satumba,' ya'yan itace masu kyau suna da dadi.
Actinidium Issai
Tsarin kansa (hermaphroditic) aiki, dasawa da kula da shi bazai buƙatar kasancewar mata da maza. Liana ya kai mita 9, ya yi girma har zuwa shekaru 30. Daji ya nada harbe-launi mai launin ruwan kasa, mai launi da launin ja-brownish. Ganyayyaki suna da manyan, nau'in kwalba, leathery, velvety. Nauyin farantin ne m, tsawon shine 17-25 cm. Furen Actinidium na Issyi sun rushe a watan Mayu-Yuni, suna da launi mai launi, nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i, 2.5-5 cm a diamita. A tsakiyar Oktoba a kan wata daji akwai wasu 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa, a cikin zaitun, a waje an rufe shi da gashi mai laushi.
Actinidia Far Eastern
Mafi nau'in nau'in shuka shine Actinidia, gonar da ke gabashin gabas. Wani nau'i mai suna Amose gooseberries. Daga Gabas ta Tsakiya wannan al'ada ya zo cikin lambuna na tsakiyar yanayi. A wani wuri daji ya fadi har zuwa shekara 50, yana da matukar tsufa. Yana da tushe mai launin ruwan kasa, harbe yayi girma da sauri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai tsawo, cylindrical, suna da launin kore mai launi. Suna dandana mai dadi da muni, suna da alamar abarba, suna da fata na fata. Liana yana da matsanancin sanyi. A matsayin ɓangare na tayin, akwai rikodin rikodin bitamin C, kawai a cikin kwatangwalo.
Actinidia abarba
Dioecious actinidia na "Abarbaba" ana daukar su a matsayin mai girma mai girma, daya daga cikin mafi girma. Ya kai tsawon mita 10, ya yi fure a furanni mai banƙyama a watan Mayu-Yuni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun yi girma har zuwa 3 cm a diamita, suna kore tare da mai laushi mai duhu, dandano mai kyau tare da ruwa mai shayarwa, mai da kiwi tare da ƙanshi na abarba. Za a iya cin su tare da kwasfa, a cikin watan Oktoba, ana iya hawa. Tsaba a berries suna da ƙananan, tare da abinci ba ji. Ga yadda ake gudanar da zabe yana buƙatar namiji namiji 1 don mata 6-8.
Actinidia purple
Daga batu na ra'ayi na kayan ado, nau'in m iri iri yana ban sha'awa. Irin wannan nau'in actinidia a cikin bayanin yana nuna cewa kasancewa mai tushe mai sauƙi ne, yana kai tsawon mita 3. Tare da mai launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da exfoliating haushi. Kwayoyin suna da launi, tare da gashin gashi, tare da zane-zane. Fure-fure da furanni mai dusar ƙanƙara da ƙananan kwari, waɗanda aka tattara a kananan kungiyoyi.
Babban bambanci shine zagaye mai laushi mai laushi tare da fata mai laushi da fata, tare da dandano mai dadi, yana kimanin kilo 5. A lokacin ripening daga cikin 'ya'yan itace, tsire-tsire ya dubi na ado - kamar dai an rataye shi a cikin ganye. M iri-iri ne halin rashin talauci hunturu hardiness da kuma ripening ripeness. Wannan tsire-tsire mai ƙarancin zafi, matsananciyar girma na girma yana gudana tare da girman Kiev.
Actinidia Jumbo
Italiyanci iri-iri tare da manyan, mai dadi 'ya'yan itãcen marindrical siffar, lokacin da cikakke sun saya wani greenish-yellow launi. Ana iya cin su tare da kwasfa, girbi ya fara a watan Oktoba. Ganye yana da ƙarfi, ya kai tsawon mita 8, ana sa wa mai tushe a kusa da bishiyoyi ko yada a ƙasa, ya zama babban tsire-tsire. Yawan iri-iri ne mai taurin hunturu, tsayayyar ruwan sanyi zuwa -30 ° C, amma yana buƙatar wani wuri mai kariya daga iska. Jumbo, wanda ya bambanta da actinidia hermaphroditic, wani nau'in kwayar halitta, don 'ya'yan itatuwa ne na bukatar mai pollinator - gaban maza da mata. Suna zaune kusa.
Actinidia - saukowa
Yanzu yana da alhakin samun shuka shuka a cikin gonar, dasawa da kula da shi ana gudanar da shi bisa ga ci gaban agrotechnics. Gyara na shuka shine mafi kyau a spring ko farkon lokacin rani. Sanya shi da kyau tare da kewaye da gonar, tare da ganuwar ko fences, arbors, curling stalk zai buƙaci trellis don gyara rassan. Yadda za a shuka actinidia:
- da diamita na ramuka ne 70 cm, zurfin ne 50-60 cm, da nisa tsakanin bushes ne 1.5-2 m;
- zuwa kasan launi, launi na rubutun 15 cm;
- kana buƙatar gaggawa takin actinidia, don dasawa da kulawa kana buƙatar cakuda gonar gona da kilo 10 na humus, 200 g na superphosphate , 50 g na ammonium nitrate, 80 g na gishiri mai potassium;
- lokacin da substrate ya kafa (a cikin rabin wata), an rufe wani wuri daga ƙasa mara kyau ba tare da tsabta ba a kan cakuda mai cika, ana shuka shuka;
- kasar gona tana da tamped, an shayar daji da yalwar ruwa guda 2-3;
- Cervix tushe ya kasance a matakin kasa bayan dasa shuki;
- A karo na farko (kwanaki 14), an rufe shi da zane mai haske;
- ƙasa yana mulched tare da sawdust ko peat;
- don yin aiki, dasa shuki da hayar yana da halatta kuma a cikin kaka, dole ne a aiwatar da ita don aikin gona guda uku 2-3 makonni kafin farkon sanyi. A saboda wannan dalili, seedlings a shekarun shekaru 2-3 sun dace, tsofaffi suna da wuya a jure wa girkewar kaka.
Reproduction of Actinidia
Gwanin hawa ya haɓaka kawai - taps, tsaba, cuttings. Hanyar vegetative za ta samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa don shekaru 3-4. A shuka, girma daga tsaba, zai ba da farko berries a cikin shekaru 7. Babban hanyoyi na ninka actinidia:
- Taps. Lokacin da ruwan rafi ya gudana ya kawo ƙarshen kuma yaran ganye ya bayyana, an zaɓi mai karfi mai tsayi kuma an raba ragamar ƙasa a ƙasa. An saka wurin da aka saka tare da ƙasa a matakin 15 cm da sawdust. Yawan saman harbi ya kamata ya kasance sama da ƙasa. Ana shayar da ƙasa ta hanyar shayarwa, tsire-tsire karya. A shekara ta gaba, za'a iya raba larvae daga ƙwaƙwalwar jariri da kuma samo asali, ta hanyar amfani da agrotechnics - yadda za a shuka actinidia a cikin bazara.
- Cuttings. Wannan hanya ce mafi sauri. Ana fitar da cuttings a watan Yuni, da dama wasu rassan rassan da suka dace da tsawon mita suna yanke. An saukar da ƙarshen harbe a cikin ruwa, ya kasu kashi 15 cm tare da internodes guda biyu. An dasa shuki a cikin ganyayyaki a kan gado. A cikin ƙasa, ana nuna humus da kogin yashi a kashi 2: 2: 1 da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai (100 grams a kowace mita mita). Ramin tsakanin samfurori na 5 cm, babba na koda ya kasance a ƙasa. An shayar da ƙasa sosai, don bugunan hunturu suna buƙatar kulawa - an rufe su da ganye da aka fadi, kuma a cikin bazara da aka dasa a gonar.
- Tsaba. An cire kayan don girbi daga 'ya'yan itace, dried. A cikin watan Disamba an yi hagu don kwanaki 4, an sanya su a cikin kayan ɗamarar katako da akwatin yashi. Tsaba suna buƙatar kulawa - ana shayar da su a mako-mako domin kada su bushe. A watan Janairu, an sanya akwatin yashi a firiji. A watan Maris, an canja shi zuwa wuri tare da zafin jiki na 10-12 ° C, ana ci gaba da yin amfani da tsaba a tsabtace lokaci da kuma wanke.
Lokacin da wasu daga cikinsu suna proklyutsya, ana shuka hatsi a cikin kwantena tare da cakuda kogin yashi da ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm. An yada al'ada, an rufe shi daga hasken hasken rana. A lokacin da 3-4 harbe bayyana a kan harbe, sprouts ana shuka su ne a cikin wani greenhouse. A karo na farko seedlings zasu yi furanni bayan shekaru biyar, to, yana yiwuwa su ƙayyade jima'i da shuka su a wuri mai dindindin.
Actinidia - namo da kulawa
Gardenin actinidia, dasa da kula da abin da aka yi competently, yawan amfanin ƙasa samar da har zuwa 20 kg na berries daga daji. Ka'idodin ka'idojin girma a shuka:
- Pruning. A kan shekara 3-4 a cikin rani cire raguwa, underdeveloped harbe da rassan, thickening the crown. An kafa Liana ne a matsayin fan da kuma jeri na kwance. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 8-10, ana gudanar da maganin aikin magani a cikin yanayin pruning - don barin hunturu kawai sutura 40 cm.
- Wintering. Bayan girbi, an dasa bishiya da sawdust da fir-tree lapnika kusa da tushen. Ba su cire itacen inabi daga trellis ba.
- Dakatarwa. A lokacin matuƙar 'ya'yan itace, ƙasa tana da hankali sosai a cikin zurfin ba fiye da 10 cm ba, tare da kulawa yana da mahimmanci kada ya lalata tushen da ke cikin farfajiya.
Actinidia - saman miya
Noma na actinidia ya shafi sake cigaba da shuka, yana kara girma da sabon harbe, inganta hunturu hardiness. Ana kawo takin mai magani a kaka bayan girbi a madadin mita 1: 2 kilogiram na humus, 40 g na superphosphate, 10 g gishiri. A cikin bazara, kafin flowering, saman dressing ya kamata hada da Bugu da kari na 30 grams na nitrogen da 20 g na potassium da kuma phosphoric shirye-shirye da murabba'in mita.
Flowers na Actinidia - watering
Ana yin aikin motsi a cikin lambu ta hanyar sauƙi - ta safe da yamma ban ruwa. A lokacin zafi, ana zuba buckets na ruwa guda shida a karkashin mako mai tsayi a kowane mako don yawan tsire-tsire, don haka liana baya rasa ganye. Ana buƙatar ƙasa don tushen sa, amma ruwan bai kamata ya damu ba a cikin gefen kusa da ganga. Yana da amfani don ciyawa da matsin da 10-12 cm na sawdust don adana danshi.