CHD (cututtukan cututtuka) a cikin yara ƙananan nau'i ne na tsarin zuciya, da tasoshinsa ko kayan aiki, wanda ya taso a mataki na ci gaban intrauterine. Yawanta kusan 0.8% a cikin duka kuma 30% na dukkanin malformations. Raunin zuciya yana da farko a cikin ƙananan yara masu mutuwa da yara a karkashin shekara guda. Lokacin da yaron ya kai watanni 12, yiwuwar sakamako na mutuwa ya rage zuwa 5%.
CHD a cikin jarirai - haddasawa
Wani lokaci majinin na UPN zai iya kasancewar jigilar kwayar halitta, amma mafi sau da yawa sukan tashi ne saboda matsalolin waje akan mahaifi da yarinyar a lokacin daukar ciki, wato:
- maganin cututtukan hoto, misali, rubella;
- shan giya, jarabar mahaifiyarsa;
- liyafar magunguna masu karfi;
- raunin da ya faru;
- sakamakon radiation.
Bugu da ƙari, kwararru sun gano wasu dalilai masu yawa wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin yaro da ciwo na CHD:
- idan mahaifiyar yaron ya kai shekaru 35;
- bayyanar cututtuka na endocrin a daya daga cikin matan;
- barazanar zubar da ciki ;
- haihuwar 'ya'ya matacce, rashin haihuwarsa;
- abortions;
- gaban yara ko kusa dangi tare da UPU.
CHD a cikin yara - bayyanar cututtuka
Ana iya ganin alamun CHD a cikin yarinya har ma a cikin makon 16-18 na ciki a lokacin duban dan tayi, amma yawancin lokaci ana gane wannan ganewar ga yara bayan haihuwa. Wani lokaci damuwa na zuciya yana da wuyar ganewa nan da nan, saboda haka iyaye su kasance masu la'akari da wadannan cututtuka:
- lalura da cyanosis na fatar jiki a cikin tiangu na nasolabial , kunnuwa, ƙwayoyin;
- lafazi da sanyi na kwartai da kafafu;
- abin da ake kira "tausin zuciya", sananne a kan lakabi;
- talauci mara kyau;
- sluggishness na jariri, bayyanar shortness na numfashi;
- ƙuƙwalwar a cikin zuciya;
- bayyanar alamu na zuciya rashin cin nasara.
Lokacin da aka gano alamun damuwa, yara za su fara kai tsaye ga zane-zane na zuciya, wani electrocardiogram da sauran nazarin.
Tsarin UPU
Ya zuwa yanzu, fiye da nau'i daban-daban na cututtukan zuciya na ciki sun rabu da shi, duk da haka, ƙaddamarwarsu yana da wuya saboda gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa an haɗa su, kuma, daidai da haka, alamun asibiti na "cututtuka".
Ga 'yan ilimin yara, mafi dacewa da ingantaccen bayani, wanda ya dogara ne akan halaye na kananan karamin wurare da kasancewar cyanosis:
- vices tare da karuwar jini a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar;
- cin zarafin tsarin tsarin tauraron dan adam;
- cin zarafin tsarin sashen intercondricular septum;
- lahani da aka haifar da haɗin ƙananan ƙwayar jini;
- budewar ductus arteriosus;
- Fallot;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta;
- haɗin da ke aorta;
- fitarwa na manyan tasoshin;
- stenosis na aortic aorta;
- lahani tare da kwakwalwa na wurare na al'ada.
Jiyya na CHD a cikin yara
Nasarar lura da CHD a cikin yara ya dogara ne da lokacin da aka gano ta. Don haka, idan an samu lahani ko da a lokacin ganewar asiri, mahaifiyar nan gaba tana ƙarƙashin kula da kwararrun likitoci, suna shan magunguna don tallafa wa zuciyar jaririn. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan yanayin, bayar da shawarar caesarean sashen don kauce wa motsa jiki.
Har zuwa yau, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu da za a iya magance wannan cuta, zaɓin ya dogara da nau'in da kuma mummunan cutar:
- haɗin gwiwar na intravascular tare da taimakon magunguna, catheters, balloons da sauran na'urorin da za su iya gyara kuskure da sake mayar da jini ta al'ada;
- wani aikin tiyata don kawar da UPU - har zuwa kwanan nan, hanyar kawai ta hanyar magani.