Jarabawar jinin jini a cikin yara shine muhimmiyar alama wanda 'yan jariri ke kula da su. Wannan binciken na asibiti ya ba da damar likita don tantance lafiyar lafiyar jaririn kuma, a kan gano abubuwan da ke damuwa, nan da nan sai a sake gwadawa da kuma kulawa.
Janar bincike na jini - shiri
Wannan mataki yana da mahimmanci, tun lokacin da ake da sakamakon sakamakon ya dogara da shi. Dole ne likita zai ba da shawara cikakke ga iyaye. Sau da yawa bincike na jini - shiri don bayarwa shi ne:
- Iyaye suna buƙatar daidaita ƙullun su ga gaskiyar cewa wannan hanya bata da kyau. Duk da haka, kada ku yaudare yaro, yana cewa ba zai cutar da kome ba. Don haka yaron ya fuskanci ainihin halin da ake ciki, zai yi matukar damuwa ga manya. Kuna iya gaya wa yaron cewa shi jarumi ne kuma iyayensa suna alfahari da shi. Irin wannan horo na kirki zai kare yaro daga jin tsoro kuma ya guji gujewa.
- Ana ɗaukar cikakken jinin jini a cikin yara a cikin komai a ciki. Dole a ci abinci na karshe a cikin sa'o'i 12-14 kafin daukar kayan. A wasu kalmomi, idan an yi nazari akan 9.00, zaka iya ciyar da jarirai a baya bayan 21.00. Da safe, ba za ku iya bai wa yaro madara, shayi, koko ba. Kuna iya ba shi kadan adadin har yanzu ruwa. Idan an dauki gwaji na jini a cikin jarirai wanda ba zai iya tsayayya da azumi mai tsawo, hanya ta wuce tsakanin feedings.
- Nan da nan kafin binciken da kake buƙatar ƙaddamar da aikin jiki na jariri. Idan yaron ya yi gudu, ya yi tsalle, ya yi tsitsa, bincike na asibiti na zubar da jini a cikin yara zai nuna sakamako mara kyau.
- Don kwanaki biyar kafin karatu mai zuwa, yana da mahimmanci don dakatar da bada bitamin yara da wasu magunguna (sai dai wasu magungunan da ke samarwa don ci gaba da liyafar).
- Kafin gwajin, yaron dole ne barci , saboda halin tunaninsa zai shafi halin kwai jini. Bugu da ƙari, yana da muhimmanci cewa jariri ya tafi ɗakin bayan gida. Sabili da haka, jiki ba zai iya samun guba ba, kuma wannan zai shafi sakamakon binciken.
Ta yaya suke daukar jini daga yara?
Gem-ruwa za a iya karɓa daga duka yatsan da yatsan. Mafi yawanci shine zaɓi na farko. A cikin jarirai, an cire kayan daga sheƙon. Wannan shi ne yadda aka karbi jini daga yatsan daga yara:
- Ma'aikatar kulawa da layi ta aiwatar da takalmin yatsa tare da maganin antiseptic. Sa'an nan kuma, an bushe ƙasa tare da kwakwalwar ƙwararraya.
- Tare da taimakon mai maƙasa mai yarwa mai yatsa yatsan zuwa zurfin 2-3 mm.
- Rashin farko na jini a farfajiya ya kawar da swab mai sutura mai bushe.
- Na gaba mai zuwa 10 saukad da wani mai aiki na dakin karɓa an tattara shi ta hanyar adaftan na musamman. Jinin dole ne ya wuce nauyi. Komawa ba zai yiwu ba, kamar yadda zai haifar da haɗuwa da nauyin nama. Wannan zai shafi sakamakon binciken: ba za su iya dogara ba.
- Mai amfani da layi yana motsa jini wanda aka zaɓa zuwa tube mai layi.
- A wurin fashewa, yi amfani da baka mai launin sutura wanda aka sanya a cikin maganin antiseptic. Ana bada shawara don kiyaye shi don minti 5-7. Kusan yawan lokaci ana buƙatar don dakatar da zub da jini.
Alamar gwajin jini a cikin yara
Kayan gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullum suna sanye da kayan aiki na musamman, wanda ke inganta aikin gwani. Ana cajin abu na gwaji zuwa na'urar, kuma a cikin minti daya na'urar ta samar da sakamakon. Bayan haka bincike na jini a cikin yara ya sake tacewa ta hanyar aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wani gwani, kafin ya fito da wani sharudda, dole ne tabbatar cewa na'urar ba ta yi kuskure ba.
Ana auna wadannan alamun:
- haemoglobin ;
- reticulocytes;
- erythrocytes;
- leukocytes;
- ESR ;
- monocytes;
- lymphocytes ;
- Bashil;
- thrombocytes;
- segmented;
- eosinophils;
- saƙa da sauransu.
Hemoglobin cikin jini
Yana da furotin da suka samo a cikin kwayoyin jinin jini. Babban aikin wannan abu shine canja wurin oxygen da carbon dioxide. Yayin binciken, ana gano haemoglobin a gwajin jini. Don zama mafi mahimmanci, adadin r na wannan furotin a cikin lita 1 na heme-ruwa an lissafi. Sharuɗɗa kamar haka:
- jarirai - 138-220;
- 1-12 watanni - 99-138;
- 1-6 shekaru - 109-144;
- 6-12 shekara - 114-148;
- fiye da shekaru 12 - 114-150.
Lokacin da mai nuna alamar hemoglobin ya fi yadda ya dace, wannan yana nuna cewa jariri yana da ciwon ruwa, tsokar da mummunan zubar da jini, cututtuka, ko ilimin cututtuka a cikin aikin ƙwayar zuciya da jiyya. Nan take bukatar taimakon likita. Ƙananan darajar ma haɗari ne. An hada shi da anemia, rashin abinci mara kyau, cutar sankarar bargo ko wasu cututtukan haematological.
Yin gwajin jini don yaro - ESR
Wannan alamar yana nuna jimlar daidaitawa na jan jan jiki. A cikin yaro mai kyau (wannan ma ya shafi manya) a cikin erythrocytes yana da cajin ƙeta, don haka suna tunkuɗa juna. Gabatarwa a cikin sinadarin plasma jini, alal misali, fibrinogen, yana inganta ƙaddamar da tsalle-tsalle. Wadannan erythrocytes sun fi sauri fiye da lafiya. Gabatarwar sunadarai yana nuna ƙumburi ko sauran abubuwa. Don "ganin" wannan bambanci ya taimaka wa ESR a cikin gwajin jini na gaba. Waɗannan ka'idojin sun kasance kamar haka (mm / h):
- jarirai - 0,1-2,0;
- 1-12 watanni - 2,0-12,0;
- daga shekara 1 da tsufa - 2.0-10.0.
Idan mai nuna alama ya kasance a kasa da na al'ada, wannan yana nuna yanayin alamu:
- maganin cutar hepatitis;
- shafe tsawon zawo;
- zubar da ruwa;
- kwakwalwa ba daidai ba.
Tare da darajar ESR a cikin jikin yaron, irin waɗannan cututtuka na iya faruwa:
- cuta a cikin thyroid gland shine;
- cututtuka;
- rashin lafiya;
- zub da jini;
- bayyanar mummunan horo.
Erythrocytes a gwajin jini na gaba
Binciken ya ƙayyade ba kawai girman ƙarfe ba, amma har da nisa (bambanci tsakanin mafi girma da ƙaramin Kwayoyin). Yin nazarin jini ga yara game da shekara daya, la'akari da lokacin. Saboda haka, a cikin lokacin zafi, jarirai sha ruwa mai yawa, saboda wanda anisocytosis zai yiwu. Duk da haka, wannan batu ba a ɗauke shi ba ne. Lokacin da ake gudanar da gwajin jini - ƙaddara a cikin yara, al'ada shine (x10 zuwa 12 a kowace lita na heme-ruwa):
- jarirai - 4,41-6,61;
- Watanni 1-12 - 3,61-4,91;
- 1-6 shekaru - 3.51-4.51;
- Shekaru 6-12 - 3.51-4.71;
- fiye da shekaru 12 - 3,61-5,12.
Wadannan dalilai masu rage ƙananan jini suna dauke da haɗari:
- rashin isasshen ci gaban kasusuwa;
- anemia;
- cututtuka na parasitic;
- abinci mai mahimmanci.
Idan jimlar gwajin jini a yara ya nuna nauyin jini, to wannan zai iya haifar da dalilai masu zuwa:
- dysfunction na huhu;
- matsaloli a cikin aikin zuciya;
- guba;
- stenosis na ƙananan ƙarfin.
Platelets a gwajin jini na jini
Ayyukan wadannan kwayoyin halitta shi ne ƙirƙirar takalmanci tare da lalata kayan jini da kuma hanzarta rufe clotting plasma. Mahimmancin bincike game da jinin yaro yana taimakawa wajen tantance darajar wannan alamar. Ka'idoji sune (x10 a cikin digiri na 9 na Kwayoyin a kan heme-ruwa l):
- daga haihuwa har zuwa shekaru 6 - 180,5-400,0;
- 6-12 shekara - 157.0-380.0;
- fiye da shekaru 12 - 157.0-390.0.
Idan girma ya bayyana wadannan kwayoyin yayin da aka kwatanta, yawancin lokaci yana nuna matsaloli masu zuwa:
- babban hasara mai tsanani;
- cutar sankarar bargo;
- tarin fuka;
- cututtuka masu ilimin halittu;
- dysfunction na spleen.
Thrombocytopenia za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar:
- an haife jariri ba tare da komai ba;
- yaron yana da haifa;
- anemia aplastic;
- tare da DIC-syndrome.
Hematocrit a gwajin jini na jini
Wannan alama ce da ke nuna yawan adadin jan launi a cikin tsinkayen ƙararraki. Ka'idodin tsarin bincike na jini a yara ya bambanta da shekaru:
- a cikin jarirai - daga 43% zuwa 63%;
- jariri har zuwa shekara - daga 36% zuwa 44%;
- 2-10 shekaru - daga 37% zuwa 44%.
Ana nuna alama mai nuna alama ta hanyar irin wannan dalilai:
- dysfunction na na numfashi tsarin;
- ƙuntatawa na hanji;
- konewa;
- cutar sankarar bargo na jini;
- raunin da ya faru.
Ƙananan adadi yana nuna irin waɗannan matsalolin:
- nauyi na jini;
- babban adadin jini;
- an bunkasa abun ciki mai gina jiki na ruwa mai yalwa.
Leukocytes a gwajin jini na gaba
Wadannan kwayoyin suna shiga cikin halittar kwayoyin salula da kyamara. Yin nazarin kwayoyin jini - lymphocytes na yaron, la'akari da cewa ka'idar ta bambanta dangane da shekarun (x10 a cikin digiri na 9 na sel a kan heme-ruwa l):
- jarirai - 7.21-18.51;
- Watanni 1-12 - 6,15-12,0;
- 1-6 shekara - 5,1-12,0;
- Shekaru 6-12 - 4.4-10.0;
- fiye da shekaru 12 - 4,3-9,5.
Ƙarawa a cikin mai nuna alama yana nuna irin waɗannan matsalolin:
- rashin nasara a cikin tsarin endocrine;
- cututtuka;
- zubar da ciki;
- cututtuka na parasitic;
- rashin lafiyar.
Halin da ake saukarwa yana fusatar da irin waɗannan abubuwa:
- na kwayan cuta;
- kashi kasusuwa dysfunction;
- kasawa da zinc, selenium, iodine cikin jiki.
Menene launi na launi a cikin gwajin jini?
"A ƙidaya" kawai idan an yi binciken tare da hannu. Launi na launi na jini yana da darajar nuna alamar hemoglobin cikin kwayoyin jinin jini:
- hypochromia - hemoglobin kusan babu;
- normochromia - darajar mai nuna alama ce;
- hyperchromia - wuce kima saturation tare da hemoglobin.
Binciken jini na al'ada - al'ada a cikin yara
Bayan samun sakamakon, jaririn ya gwada lafiyar jariri, dabi'un da suka dace tare da lissafi. Don yin wannan, yana da lissafi na gwajin jini a cikin yara - tebur. A ciki, ana nuna cikakken alamun masu la'akari da abubuwan masu zuwa:
- shekaru;
- bene.