Tarin fuka ne cutar ciwon duniya a duniya, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa. Amsar wannan tambayar, mai phthisiatric - wanda shine, ya kamata ya ba da ma'anar wannan ƙwarewar likita. Ya kasance gwani a cikin ganewar asali, rigakafin da maganin tarin fuka.
Magungunan phthisiatrician - wanene kuma wane warkarwa?
Phthisiology yana shiga cikin bincike, rigakafi da magani ga cututtuka na tarin fuka. Ganin cewa wannan cututtuka tana shafar ƙwayar na numfashi ba kawai, amma har da sauran gabobin ciki, yana da muhimmanci a gano cutar tarin fuka a lokaci mai dacewa kuma ya jefa dukkan dakarun zuwa yaki da cutar. Idan muka yi la'akari dalla-dalla ko wane irin likita mai phthisiatric ne, to, muna bukatar mu mayar da hankali kan gabobin da aka shafi, waɗanda kamannun suka bi da su.
Menene likitan TB ya warke?
Tambayar, likitan phthisiatric - wanda shi ne kuma maganin abin da aka tsara shi, yana bukatar cikakken bayani. Tarin fuka yana shafar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta kawai, amma har da sauran kwayoyin da tsarin, wanda likita ke bi da shi. Zai iya zama:
- huhu;
- kasusuwan da kasusuwa;
- fata;
- koda da adrenal gland;
- urogenital tsarin;
- gabobin hangen nesa;
- samfurin;
- da medullary membrane;
- ciki.
A ina ake yi wa phthisiologists aiki?
Bisa ga cutar da likitan TB ya yi, wurin aiki na irin wannan gwani a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ko jama'a. Matsayi na aikin gwani a fagen phthisiology na iya zama:
- polyclinic;
- asibiti na shirin multidisciplinary;
- tarin fuka;
- ofis a wani asibiti mai zaman kansa;
- Cibiyoyin bincike.
Yaushe zan tuntubi likitan TB?
Akwai wasu alamun bayyanar cututtuka da aka ba da shawara cewa ka shawarci likita don ganewa ko kuma ware bayan kasancewar tarin fuka a dace. Mafarin phthisiatrician - wanda yake da kuma lokacin da ya kamata ya je wurin karbarsa - yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a kauce wa matsaloli mai tsanani. Gwaje-gwaje, wanda ake amfani dasu don maganin ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanyar phthisiatrist: mantoux da dyskintest. Masana ilmantarwa sun kira bayyanar cututtuka, gano abin da, an bada shawara su shawarci likita nan da nan:
- tari wanda ba ya daina fiye da makonni uku;
- rashin asarar rashin nauyi;
- Abun da aka rage rage yawan ci;
- expectoration na sputum, ƙulla da, musamman, jini;
- karuwa a zazzabi;
- rashin ƙarfi, rashin hankali, rashin ƙarfi;
- dare goge;
- zafi a cikin kirji.
Ta yaya magungunan phthisiatric take daukar hanya?
Abu na farko da kowane likita ya fara tare da shi shi ne kayan aiki. Wato, karɓar liyafar phthisiatrician fara da tarin bayanai game da cututtukan da suka gabata, halayya, salon rayuwa, aikin sana'a da tarihin likita, idan an tabbatar da asali. Lokacin da ka samu ganawa tare da wani mai phthisiatrician, kana bukatar ka kasance a shirye don gaskiyar cewa gwaje-gwajen, X-ray, bincike, da dai sauransu, tabbas za a tsara su.
Mene ne kallon mai binciken phthisiatrist a liyafar?
Bugu da ƙari, jin tsoron cutar tarin fuka, ba sababbin kungiyoyi ba ne don buƙatar phthisiatrician su bayar da rahoto game da rashin tarin fuka, sa'an nan kuma ziyara a likita ya zama dole. Abu na farko da ainihin abin da magungunan phthisiatrician ke yi a liyafar ita ce sakamakon gwaje-gwaje (jini, feces, urine) da aka riga aka tsara. Sa'an nan kuma hasken X da / ko fluorography. Idan an yi mantu, likita ya tantance shi don wani abu mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, dubawa na gani game da yanayin ƙwayar lymph, wanda zai iya nuna kasancewar kamuwa da cuta a jikin.
Yaya likita na TB ya yanke ƙwayar cutar tarin fuka?
Hanyar zamani na bincikar tarin fuka zai iya gane cutar a farkon matakai. Masanin phthisiatrician yana shiga cikin bincike (wanda shi ne, mun fada a sama). Don fahimtar irin yadda ake gano kamuwa da cuta, dole a yi la'akari da hanyoyi na bincikar tarin fuka, wanda aka dauke shi mafi tasiri.
- Mantoux . Wannan jarrabawar tuberculin ne don gano cutar tarin fuka ta hanyar nazarin maganin fata bayan wani sakamako mai cututtuka ko intradermal.
- Diaskintest . Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana iya gano cutar tarin fuka a farkon matakai. A gaskiya ma, wannan gwajin ne wanda ake amfani da antigens a karkashin fata domin sanin abinda aka samu na jikin (interferon). Idan kwayoyin sun saba da wannan kwayar cutar, amsar wannan gwajin zata kasance tabbatacce.
- Fluorography. Wannan hanyar maganin tarin fuka yana da matukar shahara - kowane kwararren likita na fannin ilimin likita na zamani zai iya ganin bayyanuwar cututtuka.
- Hoton X-ray. Wannan hanya tana da kama da ladabi, amma ya fi kyau hoto, wadda aka samo saboda karuwar nauyin radial a lokacin hoton.
- Computer tomography. Wannan hanya ta haɗa da samun cikakkiyar bayanai ba tare da kasancewa na ɗaukar radiation ba. Wannan wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta hanyar bincike ba wai kawai a fannin ilimin phthisiology ba. Lokacin gudanar da CT C yana yiwuwa a samu sakamakon binciken a cikin hoton ɗaukar hoto.
- Microbiological seeding. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen gane irin cutar tarin fuka a cikin jiki ta hanyar nazarin abubuwa na halitta (sputum, ƙamus, abun ciki na bronchus).
- Gwajin gwaji. Wannan shi ne jerin gwaje-gwajen da ke taimakawa wajen tabbatar da kasancewar pathogens na tarin fuka, ta hanyar nazarin hanta.
- Inoculation na fitsari. Wannan bincike yana nufin gano microbacteria na tarin fuka a cikin fitsari. An umurce shi ne idan babu cututtuka irin su cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, da dai sauransu.
Rigakafin tarin fuka
Tsarin kariya don hana cutar tarin fuka - wani muhimmin mahimmanci wanda bai kamata a manta ba. Wannan cututtuka yana samun karfin zuciya, ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ganewar asali, ta hanyar da zaka iya gane cutar a farkon matakai. Yara sun fi kamuwa da cutar, sabili da haka a cikin yara, matakan tsaro suna da tsarin kulawa.
- Sakamakon farko na rigakafi yana cikin asibitin. Idan a cikin makon farko na yaro babu matsaloli tare da lafiyar, to, an yi masa alurar riga kafi tare da BCG.
- Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen mantoux a kowace shekara ga yara, kuma ya kamata a ruwaito cewa shi mara kyau.
Tsarin kariya yana da mahimmanci ga manya. Masanin likita ne na phthisiatrician, tarin fuka wadda ba wai kawai cutar da za a bi da ita ba, har ma da cutar da take buƙatar matsakaicin matakan da zai iya kare shi.
Abin da kake buƙatar kulawa don rage haɗarin samun tarin fuka:
- Abincin abinci. Dole ne ya kasance mai hikima da daidaituwa.
- Yanayi masu aiki masu kyau.
- Rashin ƙin shan barasa, shan taba, da kwayoyi.
- Kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa.
- Yin aiki mai kyau, wasa wasanni.
- Kula da tsabta na mutum.
- Matakan da aka yi don ƙarfafa kariya.
- Inganta jiki ta ziyartar tashoshin, sanatoriums da dispensaries.