Tarin fuka ne cuta mai cututtukan da ke da wuya a warkewarta. Haka kuma cutar ta fi sauƙi don hana, sabili da haka, matakan tsaro da kuma cikakkun maganganu suna da muhimmanci a cikin yakin da tubercle bacillus. Mene ne Diaskintest da kuma irin rawar da take takawa a cikin bincike na zamani - wannan shine batun wannan labarin.
Hanyar ganewar asali na tarin fuka
Tashin fuka na mycobacterium ko sanda Koch wani kwayar halitta ne daɗaɗɗe, a cikin tsohuwar kwanakin da aka kira kwayar cutar ta "amfani" daga kalmar "wither". Maganar ba ta kare kowa ba: ba matalauta ko mai arziki ba. An sani cewa a cikin nazarin pyramids na Egypt, alamun cutar a cikin mummunar siffan da aka samu a cikin 6 daga cikin 10 mummies na Pharaohs. Koch ta wand yana da karfin gaske a cikin yanayin waje. Kwayar kanta kanta, tarin fuka ne mai daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar iska a lokacin da tarin ciki, sneezing, yayi magana da mai haƙuri tare da takarda.
A cikin zamani na zamani, mycobacterium kuma yana lalata mutane kuma a kowace shekara lissafin cutar ya karu. Wani muhimmin al'amari a ganowar farko, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da magani mafi kyau, shine ganewar cutar tarin fuka. Zuwa kwanan wata, hanyoyin bincike suna kamar haka:
- Nemi dubawa, ganewa na gunaguni.
- Radiography ( Fluorography ) - yi a cikin kusurwa biyu. Hanyar tana baka damar ganin ko a cikin huhu ko kuma a'a.
- Kwamfuta ta hanyar yin amfani da shi - hanyar zamani ta dace ta nuna inda aka gano maganin tayi a cikin huhu.
- Tsarin bacteriological na sputum yana da hanya mai mahimmanci, amma yana da dogon lokaci, ci gaban kwayoyin cuta yana fara ranar 20th - 60th. Yin shuka yana taimakawa wajen sanin ƙwayar kwayoyin cuta zuwa kwayoyin cutar antibacterial da anti-tuberculosis, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga tsarin kulawa.
- Nazarin jini da fitsari ba kadan ba ne kuma suna amfani da su tare da wasu hanyoyi.
- Jarabawa masu tsada zasu iya bayyanar da hankali (jiki) na jiki zuwa ƙwayar cutar ta mycobacterium, sun haɗa da:
- Tincarin Tuberculin - wanda aka sani da Mantoux ;
- gwajin gwaje-gwaje Pirke (kusan ba a yi amfani da ita ba saboda low informativeness);
- gwajin gwaji na Diaskintest.
Mantoux ko Diascintest?
Don hana ci gaba da cutar a cikin yara, a kowace shekara, a cikin manyan makarantun ilimi, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya bincikar su tare da gabatar da Tuberculin, wanda shine tuberculoprotein - wani takalmin filtrate wanda aka samu daga cututtukan mycobacteria da aka kashe na bovine da tarin fuka. Gwajin tarin fuka - Mantoux dauki, ya samu bisa ga irin rashin lafiyar jiki, haifar da ƙonewa da kuma samar da papules a shafin yanar gizo.
Diaskintest ne sabon kalma a cikin ganewar asali na tarin fuka. Abin da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata in fi son? Akwai bambance-bambance kuma menene amfanin wannan ko wannan hanyar ganewar asali? Don fahimtar wannan, muna buƙatar la'akari da siffofin hanyoyin biyu:
- Tuberculin shine shiri na halitta wanda ke haifar da wani abu mai rashin lafiyan. An gwada gwajin Mantux bayan 72 hours. Hanyoyin rashin amfani na hanya sune jigilar halayen halayen kirki, wanda ba dole ba ne ya nuna fuskar mycobacterium a jiki. Babban haɗari na miyagun ƙwayoyi ma wani zane ne.
- Menene Diaskintest bambanta da Tuberculin? Wannan likitanci ne na roba. Hanyar gwamnati ta kasance daidai da Tuberculin, ana kuma kimanta samfurin bayan 72 hours. Wani abin rashin lafiyan yana faruwa ne kawai a yanayin yanayin aiki na kawai ƙwayar mycobacterium a cikin jiki idan akwai cuta ko kamuwa da cutar ta farko, wanda ba dole ba ne ya shiga cikin cutar. Don sauran mycobacteria wadanda ba sa haifar da tarin fuka, ba za a samu wani abu ba a cikin nau'in edema da papules, wanda ya bambanta da tuberculin.
Diaskintest - abun da ke ciki na shiri
Lokacin zabar hanyar da za a bincikar tarin fuka tare da sababbin hanyoyin, iyaye suna da tambayoyi na yau da kullum: mene ne kwayoyi na Diaskintest, menene abun da ke ciki, za a iya aiwatar da ita don ƙaramin yaro don ganewa? Idan muka duba a hankali a Diaskintest, abun da ke cikin shirye-shiryen a cikin kudi na 0.1 ml shine kamar haka:
- Furotin mai recombinant CFP 10-ESAT6 - 0.2 μg - babban abu mai amfani;
- potassium phosphate monosubstituted;
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
- sodium chloride;
- phenol;
- polysorbate 80;
- ruwa don allura.
Ta yaya Diaskintest?
Gwajin gwajin Diaskintest don tarin fuka don likitoci sun tsara ta likita daga shekara daya. Dole ne ya kamata ya zama likita ko ƙwararren likita wanda ke da wannan gwaji. Yin amfani da sinadarin tuberculin tare da ƙananan hanyoyi na ƙananan ƙananan ciwon ƙyallen katsewa. Muhimmin! Kafin gabatarwa da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kwanan saki da kwanan watan ƙare dole ne a bincika.
Hanyar aikin. Mai haƙuri yana zaune, sa'an nan kuma an yi amfani da maganin maganin maganin maganin magancewa (70% alcohol alcohol), sa'an nan kuma kashin fata na fatar jiki ne da aka lasafta shi, farjin yana cikin 0.1 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi. A hankali, an yi amfani da launi mai launi (7-10 mm) a fata. Bayan diaskintest, yanayin lafiyar an kiyaye shi na minti 10, don kaucewa rikitarwa.
Shin zai yiwu a wanke Diaskintest?
Gwajin Diaskintest wanda ya maye gurbin Mantoux ya fi ci gaba, amma dokoki iri daya ne. Shafin maganin alurar riga kafi ya kamata a rike shi bushe na 72 hours, tuntuɓar ruwa zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta da kuma inganta rashin lafiyar. Idan alurar riga kafi rigar, wannan ya kamata a gaya masa likita. Idan akwai mai tsabta mai tsanani bayan an tuntuba da ruwa, likita ya rubuta wani ƙin ganewar asali don samun sakamako mai gogewa.
Diaskintest - kimantawa sakamakon
Mene ne Diaskintest dangane da kyakkyawar gwagwarmaya ko sakamakon binciken da aka samu, menene alamomi sunyi la'akari a cikin ganewar asali? An kiyasta sakamakon gwajin bayan kwana 3 (72 hours). Dikita ko likita na amfani da ma'auni mai mahimmanci don auna ƙididdigar hakar hyperemia da infiltration, idan wani. Za'a iya duba hyperemia ne kawai idan babu mai shiga. Lokacin da aka gudanar da Diaskintest, an kiyasta sakamakon bisa ka'idodin da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta tsara ta kuma shigar da takardar binciken likita.
Diaskintest ne na al'ada
Diaskintest - al'ada a cikin yara ko mai nuna alama da jin daɗin rayuwa kuma rashin yaduwar mycobacterium a cikin jiki shine rashin dauki bayan ganewar asali. Idan bayan sa'o'i 72 da maganin ba daidai ba ne, to babu wani aiki na cuta ko kamuwa da cuta tare da tubercle bacillus a jiki, sabili da haka ba a ba da ƙarin ganewar asali daga likita ba, yaron zai iya shiga makarantun ilimi na yau da kullum.
Diaskintest Negative
Jaraba don tarin fuka tare da amfani da Diaskintest yana da matukar bayani, daidaito shine 90%. Tare da gwajin gwaji, babu wani ciwon jini da hyperemia a wurin ginin, amma a wasu lokuta, ana iya kiyaye sakamakon ɓawon lemun tsami, a matsayin abin da ya faru da kashi fiye da 2 mm. Ƙaƙarin amsawa (kuskuren sakamako mai kyau) - ba'a dauke da hyperemia na al'ada ba, an ba da likita ne ko dai ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar, ko maimaita gabatarwar Diaskintest bayan ɗan lokaci.
Diascintest Gaskiya
Kasancewa a cikin jikin jiki yana nuna wani canji a cikin fata a wurin da ke inuwa: akwai cututtuka mai tsanani da kuma infiltration. Diascintest mai kyau a cikin yaro an kimanta bisa ga sigogi masu zuwa:
- Kyakkyawan sakamako - infiltrate (papule) na kowane size;
- wani rauni mai kyau amsa - wani papule har zuwa 5 mm;
- Matsakaici mai kyau - papules har zuwa 9 mm;
- aka bayyana - 10 - 14 mm;
- hyperergic - daga 15 mm.
Diaskintest - sakamako masu illa
Mutum jikin mutum ne, sabili da haka ya ce, babu wani sakamako mai illa - ba zai yiwu ba. Magungunan ƙwayoyi Diaskintest yana da ƙananan mai guba kuma yana iya haifar da tasiri a jikin jiki, amma sune:
- yawan zafin jiki a cikin dare;
- rashin halayen rashin lafiyan jiki (kumburi na mucosa nasopharyngeal, dyspnea, reddening na sclera na ido, ƙwaƙwalwa a wurin injection, da wuya cikin jiki);
- matsanancin tsanani na ciwon kai;
- a cikin tsofaffi, canjin matsa lamba zai iya faruwa;
- Ayyuka mai tsauraran zuciya shine maganin diaskintest, wanda ya faru da mutum mai tsaftacewa ga magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi. An bayyana jiki a yayin da aka samu gurgunta fiye da 15 mm, fatar jiki yana cike da jini, an kafa ulcers, ƙwayoyin lymph na wuyansa. Hakan zai iya zama mai nuna alama game da aikin da ake yi a cikin jiki, don haka ana buƙatar alamomi daban-daban.
Diaskintest - contraindications
Duk wani miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da contraindications kuma Diaskintest ba banda. An gano magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin wadannan lokuta:
- a lokacin cinyewa a cikin manyan makarantun ilimi;
- bayan cututtuka da aka canjawa cikin watanni 3;
- ya raunana rigakafi;
- cututtuka na cututtuka da cututtuka;
- epilepsy a cikin kayan aiki;
- tare da ƙara yawan hankali ga miyagun ƙwayoyi Diaskintest yaro ko balagagge ba a saita;
- fata fata a cikin mataki na exacerbation (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis ).
Diascintest ga manya
Gwaje-gwaje akan tarin fuka Manya-ƙyaƙƙun ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙanƙara suna ba da umurni bayan sakamakon sakamako mai ban mamaki, bincike marasa kyau da kuma wasu alamun cututtuka (maganin, ƙin ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph nodes) a matsayin ƙarin ɓangaren ganewar asali. A sakamakon haka, adadin papule ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, idan akwai, ya riga ya nuna cewa lambar sadarwa tare da mycobacterium na tarin fuka ya faru kuma kwayar ta kasance a cikin aiki na cutar ko cutar ta kwanan nan.