Kowane mutum na da marmarin ci gaba da iyalansa da kuma samar da 'ya'ya masu kyau. Wani halayyar tsakanin iyaye da yara ya kasance saboda haɗin kai. Bugu da ƙari ga alamomin waje na waje na iyali ɗaya, shirin ci gaba na mutum ya kuma sauya shi cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Girma - mece ce?
Wannan kalma an bayyana shi azaman ikon kwayoyin halitta don kulawa da tabbatar da ci gaba da siffofinta da haɓakawa a cikin al'ummomi masu zuwa. Don fahimtar abin da mutum yake bi da shi, sauƙi ta misali da kowace iyali. Abubuwan da suka shafi fuskar jiki, jiki, bayyanar da sifa da kuma yanayin yara sukan rike bashi daga iyayensu, kakanin iyayensu.
Human Genetics
Menene gado, siffofi da kuma ka'idoji na wannan ƙwarewa na nazarin kimiyya na musamman. Halittar mutum shine ɗaya daga cikin sassansa. A halin yanzu ana rarraba shi cikin nau'i biyu. Babban nau'in kwayoyin halitta:
- Anthropological - nazarin sauye-sauye da kuma ladabi na alamun al'ada na kwayoyin halitta. Wannan bangare na kimiyya tana da dangantaka da ka'idar juyin halitta.
- Magani - bincika siffofin bayyanar da ci gaba da alamomin alamomi, dogara ga abin da ya faru na cututtuka a kan yanayin muhalli da tsinkayen kwayoyin halitta.
Nau'ikan heredity da halaye
Bayani game da takamaiman halaye na jiki yana cikin jinsin. Halittar halittu an bambanta bisa ga irin su. Kwayoyin sun kasance a cikin kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin sassan cytoplasmic - plasmids, mitochondria, kinetosomes da sauran sassan, da kuma a cikin chromosomes na tsakiya. Bisa ga wannan, wadannan nau'o'in nau'ikan da ke tattare da su sun bambanta:
- Ƙasashen waje ko kuma cytoplasmic;
- nukiliya ko chromosomal.
Hanyar Cytoplasmic
Halin halayyar irin yadda aka kwatanta nauyin halayen wasu siffofi sune watsa su a kan layi. Tsarin kariya na Chromosomal shine yafi yawan bayanai daga kwayoyin jini, da kuma kariyar nukiliya - ga oocyte. Ya ƙunshi ƙarin cytoplasm da kuma kwayoyin da ke da alhakin canja wurin halayen mutum. Wannan nau'i na tsinkaye ya haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan cututtuka na al'ada - ƙwayar sclerosis , ciwon sukari, jinin hangen nesa da sauransu.
Kariya na nukiliya
Irin wannan hanyar canja bayanan kwayoyin halitta yana da hukunci. Yawancin lokaci ne kawai yake nufi, yana bayyana abin da ke tattare da ɗan adam. Chromosomes na tantanin halitta sun ƙunshi yawan adadin bayanai game da dukiyar da kwayoyin halitta da takamaiman halaye. Har ila yau a cikinsu akwai shirin ci gaba a wasu yanayin waje na yanayi. Maganar nukiliya shine canja wurin kwayoyin da aka sanya a cikin kwayoyin halittar DNA wadanda suka hada da chromosomes. Yana tabbatar da ci gaba da ci gaba da bayanai daga tsara zuwa tsara.
Alamun dan Adam
Idan ɗaya daga cikin abokan tarayya yana da duhu launin ruwan kasa, yiwuwar irin wannan inuwa na iris a cikin yaron, ba tare da la'akari da launi a iyaye na biyu, shi ne babban. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai nau'ikan iri guda biyu: rinjaye da kuma raguwa. A cikin akwati na farko, halayen mutum yana da yawa. Suna kawar da kwayoyin halitta. Alamar nau'i na biyu ta farfadowa kawai za a iya fitowa a cikin jihar homozygous kawai. Wannan bambance-bambance yana tasowa idan an kammala ɗayan chromosomes tare da kwayoyin halitta daidai a tsakiya na tantanin halitta.
Wani lokaci yaron yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, koda kuwa iyayen biyu suna rinjaye. Alal misali, an haifi jariri mai launin fata mai launin launin fata don mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa da gashi mai duhu. Wadannan sharuɗɗa sun nuna cewa irin wannan farfadowa ba kawai ci gaba ne daga bayanan kwayoyin (daga iyaye da yara) ba, amma adana dukkan alamu na wasu nau'i a cikin iyali, ciki har da ƙarni na baya. Za'a iya daukar launi na idanu, gashi da sauran siffofi ko da daga tsoffin kakanni da kakanni.
Hanyoyin rashin lafiya
Genetics ci gaba da nazarin dogara akan halaye na kwayoyin halitta a kan dukiyarsa. Matsayin da ake yi a cikin ci gaba da kuma yanayin lafiyar mutum ba koyaushe ba ne. Masana kimiyya sun bambanta nau'i biyu na dabi'a:
- An yanke shawarar ƙaddara - kafa kafin haihuwa, sun haɗa da siffofin bayyanar, nau'in jini, yanayin da sauran halaye.
- Dangantaka deterministic - rinjaye mai karfi da yanayi, sunyi tasiri ga canzawa.
Girma da ci gaba
Idan muna magana ne game da alamomi na jiki, kwayoyin halitta da kiwon lafiya suna da dangantaka mai suna. Kasancewar maye gurbi a cikin chromosomes da cututtuka na cututtuka a cikin iyali na yau da kullum suna haifar da babban tsarin jiki. Alamun waje na gaba suna dogara ne akan ladabi. Game da haɓaka ilimi da kuma siffofin yanayi, ana daukar nauyin kwayoyin halitta zumunta. Wadannan halaye suna da rinjaye sosai ta yanayi na waje fiye da tsinkayen da ake ciki. A wannan yanayin, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Girma da kiwon lafiya
Kowane mahaifiyar da ta zo a nan gaba zata san yadda tasirin kwayoyin halittu ke haifar da ci gaba na jiki. Nan da nan bayan haɗuwa da kwai, sabon kwayoyin halitta ya fara samuwa, kuma ladabi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a bayyanar wasu siffofi a ciki. Rashin wutar lantarki yana da alhaki ba kawai don kasancewa da cututtukan cututtuka masu tsanani ba, amma har da matsalolin haɗari - predisposition zuwa caries, hasara gashi, mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka da sauransu. Saboda wannan dalili, a jarrabawar kowane likita likita na farko ya tara halayen gida mai cikakken bayani.
Shin yana yiwuwa a tasiri haɗin kai?
Don amsa wannan tambayar, za ka iya gwada aikin da aka yi a baya da kuma shekarun da suka wuce. Matasa na zamani sun fi tsayi, suna da jiki mai karfi, hakoran hakora da hawan rai. Ko da irin wannan bincike da aka sauƙaƙe yana nuna cewa mutum zai iya rinjayar haɗin kai. Canza yanayin halayen kwayoyin halitta dangane da bunkasa halayyar basira, dabi'un dabi'un da dabi'a ya fi sauki. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar inganta yanayin, daidaitaccen ilimi da yanayi mai kyau a cikin iyali.
Masanan kimiyya na cigaba sun dade suna gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da zasu tantance tasirin maganin likita akan farfadowa. A wannan ɓangaren, an samu sakamako masu ban sha'awa, yana tabbatar da cewa yana yiwuwa a cire abin da ya faru na maye gurbin mutun a mataki na tsara ciki , don hana ci gaban cututtukan cututtuka da kuma nakasassu cikin haifa a cikin tayin. Duk da yake bincike ne kawai akan dabbobi. Don fara gwaje-gwaje tare da haɗuwa da mutane akwai wasu matsalolin halayen kirki da na al'adu:
- Ganin cewa irin wannan farfadowa, ƙungiyoyi na soja zasu iya amfani da fasahar ci gaba don haifar da samfurin masu sana'a tare da ingantattun iyawa na jiki da kuma manyan alamun kiwon lafiya.
- Ba kowane iyali ba zai iya yin aikin da za'a yi don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar da aka fi sani da ƙwayar da ya fi kyau. A sakamakon haka, za a haifi 'ya'ya masu kyau, masu basira da lafiya kawai daga cikin masu arziki.
- Tsoma baki a cikin tsari na zabin yanayi yana da kusan daidai da eugenics. Yawancin masana a cikin jinsin halitta sunyi la'akari da cewa laifi ne akan bil'adama.
Girma da kuma yanayi
Hanyoyin waje zasu iya tasiri sosai akan halaye na kwayoyin. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa halayyar mutum ya dogara da irin waɗannan yanayi:
- abinci;
- wurin zama;
- yanayin yanayi;
- yanayin kudi;
- matsayi na zamantakewa;
- upbringing;
- yanayi a cikin iyali;
- gaban kuma yawan abubuwan damuwa;
- hanyar rayuwa;
- Ƙwaƙwalwar tunani;
- aiki na jiki;
- samun ingancin kula da lafiya;
- sana'a sana'a.