Hakika, kowa ya san abin da albasa ta kowa yake kama. Amma tare da amsar tambaya "menene shallot?" Yawancin mu yana da wuya a amsa. Duk da haka wannan baka yana da kyau sosai a kasarmu da kasashen waje. A ƙasar Ukraine, ana kiran wuraren da ake kira "kuschevka", a cikin sararin Rasha a matsayin "iyali", kuma suna karkashin sunan "shallots" sun san shi a Turai. A kan noma daga gonaki da kuma tushen kayan aikin noma da za'a tattauna a cikin labarinmu.
Iri iri-iri
Shallot wani rukuni ne na albasa da yawa. Daga ciyayyun albasa, an rarrabe shi ta hanyar iyawar da ta samo daga 'yar uwar mahaifa. Ya danganta da iri-iri, kwararan furotin na shallots suna da launi da siffar daban. Mafi mashahuri suna da nau'o'in shallots:
- Chapaevsky;
- Gudu;
- Kunak;
- Kushchevka Kharkov;
- Albert;
- Aristarkus.
- Alamar alama;
- Kashe-kakar.
Noma na shallots da kula da su
Za'a iya gudanar da noma na noma a hanyoyi biyu: daga tsaba da kwararan fitila. A lokacin da albasa da aka dasa (vegetatively), an shirya tudu don kwalliya a kaka, kuma an dasa shi a farkon lokacin bazara, da cike da kayan shuka a wani lokaci a ruwa mai dumi. Don dasa shuki, ƙananan kwararan fitila (har zuwa 4 cm a diamita) an zaba kuma an goge su a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar da kawai wuyansa ya zauna akan surface. Ana dasa tsirrai a cikin tsarin makirci 10 * 20: 10 cm tsakanin kwararan fitila da 20 cm tsakanin layuka.
Daga tsaba, an dasa shuki a matsayin girma kamar haka: suna shuka tsaba a cikin tsaunuka game da zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfi. Bayan shuka gonar dasa shuki dole ne a fashe tare da takin gargajiya ko peat.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ci gaba da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire shi ne mafi dacewa da tasiri, kamar yadda wannan baka yake nunawa sosai, kuma tsaba ba sa da lokaci zuwa ripen. Dole ne a zaba gado na shallots a wani shiri na rana tare da ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa. Mafi kyaun wadanda suka riga sun kasance don shallot za su kasance legumes na fata: wake, wake, wake, da maƙwabta - karas . A wurin da aka zaɓa, ana iya sanya gado mai kwakwalwa ba sau da yawa fiye da sau ɗaya kowace shekara hudu don kiyaye ka'idar juyawa.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na agronomy na shallots
Bayan da muka yi la'akari da yadda za mu dasa shuki, bari mu matsa kan yadda za'a kula da shi. Kula da wannan baka ya hada da dukkan ayyukan da ake yi: weeding, watering, loosening the soil. Yin watsi da albasa ya zama dole a matsayin mai bukata, saboda haka an yi amfani da ƙasa don kada a cika. Makonni huɗu kafin a cire amfanin gona, an dakatar da watering.
Bugu da ƙari, watering, shallots ma bukatar ƙarin, musamman idan an dasa a kan ƙasa-kasa da kasa. Takin shi bayan girma ganye, kawo a cikin ƙasa nitrogen fertilizing: urea, slurry. A lokacin lokacin da aka gina shallots, ana iya ciyarwa ta hanyar hako da takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa.
Don samun yawan kwararan fitila mafi girma, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, an cire ɓangaren albasa daga cikin gida, barin mafi girma (5-6). Yi haka kamar haka: a hankali kuyi ƙasa kuma ku cire albasa da ƙananan albasa tare da alkalami. Bugu da ƙari, girma a waje, da shallots su dace da don dasa
Shallots - cututtuka da kwari
Domin tsawon lokaci na sanyi da ruwan sama, shallots na iya fama da cututtuka na fungal: peronosporosa da lalacewar jiki. Don hana cutar daga shafi dukan gado, dole ne a cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma gadajen da aka kula da su. Yi gwagwarmaya tare da albasa ya tashi tare da ash, kuma daga tsutsotsi a cikin ganyayyaki, za'a iya samun shallots ta hanyar amfani da bayani na gishiri (gilashin gishiri 1 guga na ruwa).