Gwajin gwaji

Hanta ne mafi muhimmanci gabar jiki, ba tare da wanda mutum ba zai iya zama ba. Hanta yana shiga cikin dukkan matakai na rayuwa, yana tsinke ciwon daji, yana shiga cikin narkewa. Bada la'akari da yanayin da aikin wannan kwayar halitta za a iya yi ta hanyar bincike na musamman - abin da ake kira gwajin jini.

Menene gwajin jini don gwajin hanta?

Gwajin gwaji sune hadaddun ƙwayoyin binciken kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke ba da damar gano cututtukan hanta (da kuma bile ducts) a cikin ƙaddamar da wasu abubuwa da ke cikin jini. Idan, bisa ga sakamakon gwajin hanta, adadin waɗannan abubuwa an karu ko ragewa, wannan yana nuna yiwuwar aikin jiki. Yawanci, jigilar gwaje-gwajen hepatic ya hada da ƙayyade yawan nauyin abubuwa masu zuwa:

• alanine aminotransferase (ALT);
• aspartate aminotransferase (ACT);
• gamma-glutamyltransferase (GTT);
• alkaline phosphatase (AFP);
• bilirubin (general, kai tsaye da kai tsaye);
• sunadarai na jini (musamman, albumin), da dai sauransu.

Yadda za a dauki gwajin hanta?

Gwajin gwaji na buƙatar wasu shirye-shiryen bincike, wanda ya ƙunshi yin la'akari da waɗannan dokoki:

1. Domin kwana biyu kafin bincike, ka daina ƙaruwa ta jiki, yin amfani da giya, ƙuntata amfani da kayan yaji, kayan abinci mai gishiri da mai daɗi.
2. Bayan cin abinci na ƙarshe, akalla sa'o'i takwas ya wuce.
3. Don shayar da magani na makonni 1 zuwa 2 kafin bincike (in ba haka ba, sanar da likita abin da ake amfani da kwayoyi da kuma sashi).

Gwajin gwaji - fassarar

Bari muyi la'akari da sakamakon sakamakon bincike tare da karkatawa daga ka'ida a daya shugabanci ko wanda zai iya faɗi. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban hanyoyi na gudanar da karatu sun bambanta, sabili da haka masu nuna alamun ka'idojin samfurori ba iri daya ba. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin nazarin nazarin, ana nuna dukkanin alamomi a cikin hadaddun, la'akari da shekarun, jima'i na mai haƙuri, cututtuka masu kwantar da hankali, gunaguni, da dai sauransu.

1. ALT - wani enzyme wanda hanta ya haifar, wani karamin ɓangaren wanda ya saba da jini. Yawancin ALT na mata shine 35 raka'a / l, ga maza - 50 raka'a / lita. Idan bincike ya nuna yawan karuwa a cikin ALT abun ciki sau 50 ko fiye, wannan na iya nuna wani mummunan take hakkin furotin na asibiti, mummunan necrosis na hepatocytes, maganin hepatitis. Ana kiyasta dabi'un ALT masu daraja tare da ciwon haɗari mai guba, hanta na cirrhosis , kwantar da ciki a cikin hanta, lalata hanta hanta.
2. AST - wani enzyme wanda ya shiga cikin jini saboda sakamakon hallaka lalata. Dokar AST daidai ne da ALT. Matsayin AST, wanda ya wuce yawan sau 20 - 50, ana kiyaye shi a cikin ciwon huhu da ciwon hanta da kuma cututtukan hanta, tare da necrosis na jikin asibiti. Rashin karuwa a cikin abun ciki na AST zai iya nuna lalacewar ƙwayar zuciya. Don fahimtar wace kwayar ta shafi - hanta ko zuciya, idan akwai karuwa a yawan AST da ALT, ana amfani da matsayi na AST / ALT - na Ritis (misali 0.8 - 1). Rashin karuwa a cikin mahaɗin yana nuna cututtukan zuciya, kuma ragewa yana nufin magungunan hanta.
3. GTT wani enzyme ne, wanda yawancin cututtukan hanta yake lura da shi: ciwon jiji na ilimin halitta, cholestasis, lalata hanta da sauransu. GTT na al'ada ga maza - 2 - 55 raka'a / l, ga mata - 4 - 38 raka'a / lita.
4. AP ne wani enzyme da ke cikin canja wurin phosphorus. Yawancin APF shine 30 - 120 raka'a / lita. Rashin karuwa cikin matakin phosphatase na alkaline na iya nuna hepatitis, cirrhosis, necrosis nama, hepatocarcinoma, sarcoidosis, tarin fuka , ciwon hanta na parasitic, da dai sauransu. Har ila yau, kara yawan karuwa a cikin wannan enzyme a cikin jini zai iya kasancewa a jiki - a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma bayan menopause.
5. Albumin yana da muhimmiyar haɗin furotin da aka hade ta hanta. Yawanci shine 38 - 48 g / l. Matsayin albumin yana ragewa tare da cirrhosis, hanta kumburi, ciwon koji ko ciwon ciwon huhu. Rashin karuwa a cikin albumin yana faruwa ne tare da asarar sashin jini na jini (zazzabi, zawo), kazalika da raunin da kuma konewa.
6. Bilirubin - daya daga cikin kayan bile, an kafa shi a lokacin raunin hemoglobin. Rashin karuwa a matakin bilirubin zai iya nuna rashin nasarar hanta, rikici na bile ducts, lalata hanta mai haɗari, ciwo mai tsanani da kuma hepatitis na kullum.

Ayyukan bilirubin:

• 5,0 - 21,0 μmol / l - jimlar;
• 3.4 μmol / l - madaidaiciya;
• 3,4 - 18,5 mkmol / l - kaikaitacce.