Ka'idar na dissonance mai hankali

Dandalin dissonance yana ƙayyade halin mutum, yana nuna rashin daidaito da ra'ayoyi da rikitarwa, bangaskiya, halaye da kuma yanayin waje. Mawallafin ka'idar da ainihin tunanin dissonance mai hankali shine L. Festinger. Wannan koyarwar tana dogara ne da sha'awar mutum don ta'azantar da hankali. Sai kawai ta hanyar bin hanyar cimma burin da nasara, mutum yana samun gamsuwa daga rayuwa. Dissonance wani hali ne na rashin jin daɗin ciki, wanda ya haifar da rikitarwa tsakanin ra'ayoyin ra'ayi na mutum da sababbin abubuwa ko yanayi. Wannan jin dadi yana sa sha'awar motsa tsarin ilimi don tabbatar da gaskiyar sabon bayanin. Ka'idar sasantawar dissonance Festingera ta bayyana yanayin rikici wanda ya tashi a tsarin tsarin mutum na mutum daya. Babban ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa a cikin tunanin mutum shine addini, akidar, darajar, tunanin da sauran rikice-rikice.

Dalilin dissonance

Wannan yanayin zai iya faruwa saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

• idan akwai wani rashin daidaituwa;
• lokacin da ra'ayi na mutum ya ƙunshi ra'ayi na rukuni;
• saboda hadisai da al'adu;
• Idan akwai wani bambanci tsakanin abubuwan da suka wuce da sabon halin da ake ciki.

Ilimin halin zamani na zamani yana nazarin yanayin dissonance mai hankali don bayyanawa da kuma nazarin halin rashin daidaituwa na ciki da ke faruwa a cikin mutum ko ƙungiyar mutane. Mutumin, wanda ya tara wani kwarewar rayuwa, dole yayi aiki da shi, bisa ga yanayi canzawa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin jin dadi. Don raunana wannan ji, mutum yayi sulhu, yana ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin rikici.

Misali na dissonance mai hankali zai iya zama duk wani hali wanda ya canza tsarin mutum. Alal misali: mutum ya yanke shawara ya fita daga garin don yin wasa. Kafin ya fita sai ya ga cewa akwai ruwan sama. Mutumin bai tsammanin ruwan sama ba, yanayin da ya yi tafiya ya canza. Saboda haka, ruwan sama ya zama tushen hanyar dissonance.

Abu ne mai gane cewa kowa yana so ya rage dissonance, kuma, idan ya yiwu, kawar da shi gaba daya. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyoyi uku: ta hanyar canza halinka na hali, ta hanyar canza abubuwan da ke tattare da hankali daga abubuwan waje, ko kuma ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin abubuwan da zasu iya fahimta a rayuwarka.