Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi na jiki sune mafi yawan kwayoyin halitta. Matsayi na farko a cikinsu shine ciwon huhu na huhu, a kowace shekara akwai fiye da miliyan 1 irin wannan maganin. Saboda ci gaba da haɓaka da magungunan magani, ƙwayar cutar tana cikin ɓangaren cututtuka masu tsanani.
Sanadin cutar ciwon huhu
Wannan farfadowa yana samuwa ne daga canje-canje masu yawa a cikin tsarin DNA na epithelium na bronchial. Ƙarin ƙwayar takalma ya lalace, mafi girman haɗarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Babban magunguna na ciwon huhu na huhu shine carcinogens, musamman ma idan sun shiga cikin jiki a kai a kai. Gwangwadon hankali ya canza tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halittar epithelium wanda ke rufe maschi. Wasu dalilai da suke jawo cutar sun hada da cututtukan cututtuka da kuma radiation radioactive (ionizing) radiation.
Babban dalilin cutar ciwon huhu
Kusan kashi 90% na duk lokuta na cutar da ake tambaya da kuma alamar bayyanar cututtuka saboda shan taba . Wannan mummunar dabi'a yana ƙara haɓakar mummunar girma ta hanyar kashi 20. Ba wai kawai nicotine ba, da kawar da rigakafi, yana haifar da ciwon huhu - wanda ya haifar da ciwon yana ɓoye a cikin aikin carcinogens, ciki har da isotopes radioactive na radon da ke shan hayaki. Bugu da ƙari ga toxins da aka sani, ya ƙunshi fiye da 4000 mahallin sunadarai marasa ganewa.
Sanadin cututtuka na huhu a cikin marasa shan taba
An gano cututtukan cututtuka da alamun alamun da aka bayyana a cikin mutane ba tare da shan taba ba, amma da wuya (10-15% na lokuta). Duk da yake babu wata hujja ta tabbatar da cewa shan shan taba shine dalilin cutar kanjamau, yana daga cikin yanayin da ke haifar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin numfashi. Ƙananan dalilai masu ma'ana waɗanda ke haifar da yanayin da ake ciki a cikin tambaya:
- turɓaya;
- asbestos;
- radon;
- wasu iri ƙwayoyin cuta;
- arsenic;
- Nickel;
- tsarin;
- cadmium;
- radioactive sakawa a iska mai guba;
- magungunan ciwon daji na kullum.
Labaran ciwon huhu shine wata hanyar tunani
Yawancin masu kwarewa sunyi imani da cewa gabatar da cutar ilimin halittu yana da yawa, kuma yana haifar da haɗuwa da illa ga jiki. Wasu masu bincike sun gano ƙarin sanadin cututtuka na ciwon huhu na huhu:
- rashin yiwuwar ƙirƙirar dangin karfi;
- rashin jin kunya a rayuwa;
- mummunar dangantaka da iyaye;
- babu abokai kusa da juna ko abubuwan da aka haifa;
- Ba za a iya yiwuwa su fahimci kwarewarsu ba.
Matsalar da aka lissafa kawai kawai shine bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka da alamu da ke tattare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin numfashi na numfashi. Babu wani likita na likita wanda ya tabbatar da muhimmancin waɗannan abubuwa a cikin abin da ya faru ko ci gaban ciwon daji. Dangane da rashin shaidar wannan ka'idar, masana masu ilmin likita ba su kula da abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta ba.
Irin ciwon huhu na huhu
Akwai bambancin bambance-bambancen da aka kwatanta da cutar da aka bayyana. A cikin maganin gida, al'ada ne don bambanta bisa ga ka'idoji 2 - siffofin tarihin kwayoyin tumo da kuma tsananin bayyanar cututtuka da alamu daidai da mataki na ci gaba. Yana da muhimmanci a gano irin cutar nan da nan, nau'o'i daban-daban na ƙwayoyin maganin halittu suna da ci gaban kansu kuma suna buƙatar magani na musamman.
Kwayoyin cutar tabo da tarihi:
- kananan-celled;
- ƙananan cell.
Nau'i na ciwon sukari da tsananin da tsanani na bayyanar cututtuka:
- Sashe na 1 - M, farkon;
- 2 mataki - matsakaici, matsakaici;
- Sashe na 3 - mai tsanani;
- Mataki na 4 - mai nauyi, inoperable.
Ƙananan ciwon huhu na huhu
Rare (yana faruwa a cikin kimanin kashi 20 cikin dari), amma mummunan yaduwar cutar da cutar, ana nuna alamun bayyanarsa a cikin masu shan taba. Yi la'akari da abin da kananan ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu ya ke, yana taimakawa wajen nazarin kyallen takarda da ke samar da ciwon sukari. An kafa shi daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke shiga cikin jini da kuma tsarin lymphatic saboda ƙananan microscopic. Kwayoyin cututtuka suna iya ginawa cikin sassan lafiya, wanda zai haifar da bayyanar da girma daga cikin metastases.
Wannan shi ne kwayar cuta mai cututtuka mai hatsari da kuma rashin lafiya - alamun bayyanar cututtuka da alamun ƙwayar cutar kwayar cutar ba a kiyaye su ba na dogon lokaci. Mutumin bai sani ba game da matsala har sai ya fara jinin jini kuma ya ji sakamakon sakamakon ciwon kwayar neoplasm. Saboda rashin rashin bayyanar cututtuka, irin wannan cututtukan da aka gano a wani lokaci na ci gaba.
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta:
- cikakken bayani;
- oat cell;
- cell spindle.
Magungunan ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin cutar
Bisa ga sunan, irin abubuwan da ke tattare da neoplasms a cikin la'akari sun ƙunshi manyan kwayoyin halitta. Wannan nau'i na cutar yafi yawanta, ana gano alamunta a cikin kimanin kashi 80% na shari'ar (dan kadan). Zubar da ciwon sukari yana ci gaba da sannu a hankali kuma yana da wuya a haifar da bayyanar matakan metastases, amma haɗarsu da cututtuka masu kamala akan tsarin jiki sunyi kama da irin nau'o'in patho na baya.
Mafi yawan marasa ciwon kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ne adenocarcinoma da epidermoid (sifa, squamous-cell) carcinoma. Sauran, ƙananan m, bambance-bambancen neoplasms:
- mai haske mai haske;
- giant cell.
Alamun ciwon daji na huhu
Hoton hoto na cututtukan ya danganta da mataki na cigaba da tsanani, gabanin da yawan matakan metastases. Babban muhimmancin shine wurin da cutar ciwon huhu ta tasowa - bayyanar cututtuka da alamun ƙananan ƙwayar jiki (daga mucous membrane na babban mashusa) an kara bayyanawa da bayyana a farkon matakan. Yayin da yake girma, yana rinjayar da yawacin cututtuka da kuma wulakanta kyamaran da ke kewaye, don haka mutum ya lura da canje-canje a cikin aiki na jiki.
Da farko, babu alamun daji na waje na ciwon huhu a lokacin da akwai wata ƙwayar cuta a cikin sassan jiki na numfashi. A cikin kyallen takalma na rassan bronchi babu wasu masu karɓa da kuma ciwon nasu, saboda haka kwakwalwa ba ya amsa ga ci gaban tsarin tsarin kasashen waje. Kwayoyin cututtuka sun bayyana ne kawai a farkon matakai na cigaba da cutar.
Ciwon huhu na huhu - mataki na 1
Irin nauyin ilimin likita ya bayyana ba tare da bayyanuwar asibiti ba. Neoplasm har yanzu yana da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, babu matakan ganyayyaki, don haka alamun farko na ciwon huhu na huhu ba su da shi. Kusan diamita na ƙwayar ya kai kimanin 3 cm, an samo shi a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren guda ɗaya. Wani lokaci ana tara yawan kwayoyin halitta a cikin kananan reshe na bashi. Yana da wuya a tantance irin wannan ciwon huhu na huhu: alamun bayyanar da alamu a farkon matakan sun kasance sun fi ƙarfin (ko ba su da) wadanda marasa lafiya basu nemi taimako. An gano ƙwayar da bazata ba a kan bincike na yau da kullum.
Ciwon huhu na huhu - Stage 2
A wannan mataki, girman ƙwayar ƙwayar halitta tana ƙara zuwa 5-6 cm (iyakar diamita). Har yanzu ba ya kumbura sosai, amma yana bada izinin ganyayyaki guda ɗaya, don haka akwai alamun cutar kututtuka a farkon lokaci:
- gajiya;
- rashin tausayi;
- ƙananan ƙarfin aiki;
- lalata, barci.
Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka ba su hade da kasancewar mummunan ciwon sukari ba, suna cikin cikin cututtuka daban-daban. Alamar ciwon daji na huhu a cikin mata da maza daidai ne, ƙin ganewar asali ne. Daga baya, akwai wasu bayyanuwar asibiti, kuma ba a fahimta ba:
- rashin asarar nauyin jiki ;
- karuwa a zazzabi zuwa digiri 37;
- rashin barci.
Ciwon huhu na huhu - Sashi na 3
A matakin da aka bayyana, mummunan ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa yana da girma girma, fiye da 6 cm a diamita. Akwai hoto na asibiti, don haka mai haƙuri ya juya zuwa likita ko ya aikata x-ray - alamun daji na ciwon huhu a yanzu sun rigaya:
- bushe, sau da yawa maimaita tari;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- mai yiwuwa ga ciwon huhu ba tare da wani magungunan cutar ba;
- ciwo cikin kirji;
- ƙara yawan yawan zafin jiki;
- low nauyi.
A lokacin jarrabawa, akwai matakan da suka fara cutar ciwon huhu - alamun bayyanar cututtuka da alamun alamu sun hada da shan kashi (karaɗawa, ƙonewa) na ƙungiyoyi da yawa na lymph nodes:
- Hanyar dabba;
- bifurcation;
- Paratracheal;
- masoyocin jini.
Ciwon Wutar Lung - Sashi na 4
Kyakkyawan bambancin yanayin da cutar ta kasance tare da ci gaba mai girma na ƙwayar cuta, sau da yawa yana ƙarawa fiye da ɓangaren farko kuma ya shiga cikin sassan jiki. A irin wadannan lokuta, an riga an tabbatar da cutar ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa - alamun cututtuka da alamun mataki na 4 sun haɗa da dukkanin bayyanar da aka samo asibiti, amma sun kara da cewa:
- muryar murya;
- purulent sputum, wanda aka saki a lokacin tari;
- rashin ci;
- inna na diaphragm;
- zafi a cikin yankin zuciya;
- faffiness daga fuska;
- fata ne bluish-violet a launi (cyanotic);
- kumbura a cikin wuyansa da makamai;
- dermatitis;
- canza siffar yatsunsu ("drumsticks").
A lokacin tari, mai yaduwar launin toka mai sauƙi ne sau da yawa, wanda shine jini. Saboda cutar lalacewa, mutum yana fama da ciwon haɗari:
- pericarditis ;
- ƙuntataccen lokaci;
- kullun ;
- ciwon huhu.
Kadan sau da yawa a lokacin ganewar asali, an gano cutar kanjamau - marigayi bayyanar cututtuka da alamun ƙwayar cuta sun haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan metastases. Suna ci gaba ba kawai a cikin ƙwayar lymph, amma har cikin gabobin ciki, suna haifar da ketare manyan ayyukansu. Metastases sun fi dacewa zuwa:
- koda;
- kasusuwa.
- adrenal gland;
- kwakwalwa;
- hanta;
- zuciya;
- esophagus;
- Hanyar sarrafawa;
- kowane nodes nerve;
- thymus.
Ciwon huhu na huhu - farfadowa
Duk da yake ba zai yiwu ba wajen inganta hanyar farfado da algorithm, wanda ya ba da damar warkar da cututtuka. Ba za ku iya kawar da ciwon huhu na huhu gaba daya - alamar cututtuka da alamun ci gaba ba, ƙwayar ke tsiro kuma yana bada metastases. Tun da farko an gano cutar, hakan ya fi dacewar inganta yanayin lafiyar mai haƙuri. Idan an gane asali a cikin mataki na farko, tsawon shekaru 5 yana da kusan 60%, na biyu - kimanin 40%, na uku - har zuwa 15%. Babban cututtuka mai cututtuka yana kaiwa mutuwa cikin watanni 12-24. Sakamakon wannan sakamako, idan ba ku kula da ciwon huhu na huhu ba - farfadowar rayuwa bai wuce shekaru 1-2 ba.