Kwayoyin da kuma yanayin da ke faruwa a tsakiya na tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya na tsarin damuwa yana iya tara ruwa. Wannan zai haifar da kumburi ko kumburi na kwakwalwa, wanda zai haifar da karuwa a cikin ƙararsa da karuwa a matsa lamba intracranial . Wannan yanayin an dauke shi da yanayin cututtukan da ke da mahimmanci da ake buƙatar gaggawa.
Edema na kwakwalwa - iri
Kayyadewar cutar da aka yi la'akari yana dogara ne akan tsarin da asalinta da kuma haɓakarwa ta gaba. Akwai rubutun kalmomi irin waɗannan:
- kariya;
- cytotoxic;
- Tsarin;
- osmotic (filtration).
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararren rubutu na iya bambanta dangane da dalilin da ya samo shi:
- ciyawa;
- hadari;
- mai kumburi;
- mai guba;
- aikawa;
- hypertensive;
- ischemic da wasu bambance-bambancen.
Vasogenic cerebral edema
Tsakanin tsarin tsabtace jiki da na tsakiya yana da ƙwayar ilimin lissafi - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar jini (BBB). Tare da taimakonsa, an tsara ruwan da ke ciki a sararin samaniya. Yayin da yiwuwar BBB ta ƙaru, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa ta bayyana. Yana faruwa ne a kan bayanan wadannan ƙetare:
- yanayin sanyi;
- ciwan daji;
- gas da microembolism na jini;
- eclampsia;
- occlusion na carotid arteries.
Cikon cytotoxic na kwakwalwa
Sel wanda zai iya zama mummunan sakamako (waje ko na ciki), fara aiki ba daidai ba. Su metabolism da permeability na membranes suna canzawa. Jiki yana tara ruwa kuma yana tasowa ne mai guba ko faduwa. Wannan nau'i na cututtuka ana iya ganowa bayan shanyewa da kuma maye gurbi, amma yana iya canzawa a cikin farkon sa'o'i 6-8.
Interstitial cerebral edema
A cikin babban ɓangaren tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, ƙwayar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ko gurasar tazarar ta kewaya kullum, musamman a cikin ventricles. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin su ya karu da ƙarfi, akwai kwakwalwa ta tsakiya na kwakwalwa. Yanayin da aka kwatanta ya haifar da lalacewar kyallen takalma tare da wuce giya. A sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin suna karuwa da ƙara kuma ƙara.
Osmotic cerebral edema
Duk wani ruwa yana dauke da barbashi a cikinta. Yawancin su a cikin kilogiram na gari shine ake kira osmolarity. Yawanci, wannan alamar alama ga ƙwayar cuta da kuma gwamnonin tsarin kulawa kamar kusan. Idan an lura da hyperosmolarity (maɗaukaki) na "abu mai laushi", an tabbatar da ganewar asalin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Saboda karuwa a cikin ƙarar barbashi a cikin ruwa mai mahimmanci, kyallen takarda suna rage rage haɗarsu, kuma suna sha ruwa daga plasma. Irin wannan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa yana rubuce tare da irin maganin ƙwayar cuta. Yana sau da yawa yakan haifar da hyperglycemia, ƙananan rufi da kuma rashin lafiya na asibiti.
Cerebral edema - haddasawa
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ke haifar da matsalolin a cikin tambaya shine:
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini (shanyewar jiki);
- Tsarin hannu;
- shan magunguna, ciki har da guba barasa;
- anafilactic reactions a kan tushen da allergies.
Akwai dalilai marasa amfani da ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa kwakwalwar ta fadi:
- maganin ciwon sukari da kuma metastases;
- fractures na ƙasusuwa na cranium da tushe;
- raguwa ta raguwa, rashin lafiya, rashin lafiya na zuciya;
- meningitis ;
- Gurbin kwakwalwa ;
- post-traumatic intracranial hematomas;
- yada raunin rauni;
- meningoencephalitis;
- toxoplasmosis ;
- subdural empyema.
Edema na kwakwalwa bayan bugun jini
Rarraban jini a wurare dabam dabam a tsakiyar kwayar halitta ta tsakiya ta fara ne tare da tattake jirgin ruwa tare da thrombus. A hankali, yatsun suna karɓar isashshen oxygen, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yunwa ta oxygen ta tasowa. Sel suna mutu kuma suna shafe duk wani danshi, akwai kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. A wasu lokuta, ruwan halittu da ke tara a gaban thrombus na iya karya ganuwar jirgin ruwa. Wannan sabon abu yana ƙaruwa a rubuce a cikin bugun jini, saboda kyallen takarda bayan jinin jini ya karu ko da ƙasa. Wannan bambance bambancen tantanin halitta yana dauke da mafi haɗari.
Edema na kwakwalwa bayan yin aiki
Kwayar cututtuka kusan ko da yaushe suna tare da haɗin gwiwar jiki a gefen kwanyar. A cikin lokuta da yawa da kuma bayan bayanan sauran hanyoyin, akwai rubutun bugun zuciya - aiki da ake amfani da ita ta hanyar maganin rigakafi, ko kuma kisa da yawa daga hypotonic da saline warware matsalolin. Wasu lokuta kumburi daga cikin sel yana faruwa ne saboda matsalolin da za a iya ba da taimako:
- babban asarar jini;
- Cuban ba daidai ba na trachea don samun iska mai wucin gadi;
- tsawo da kuma furta rage a saukar karfin jini;
- anesthesia ba daidai ba.
Abin da ke cikin kwakwalwa
Jigilar barasa mai yawa a jiki yana haifar da guba mai tsanani. Maganin giya suna da yawancin lokuta ana bincikar su tare da cerebral edema - dalilai suna da tsinkaye na kwayoyin halitta, saboda abin da ba su dace da su ba da kuma aiki. Labaran da aka lalata suna sha danshi, yana tada iska da fadadawa. Irin wannan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa yana da halayyar guba da sauran abubuwa:
- miyagun kwayoyi masu guba;
- magunguna;
- gas mai guba;
- magunguna.
Edema na kwakwalwa don allergies
Rashin mayar da martani game da tsarin rigakafi zuwa samfurori a wasu mutane yana tare da damuwa anaphylactic. A irin waɗannan lokuta, dalilin da yake haifar da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa shine rashin lafiyar jiki. Dangane da rashin jin daɗi, ƙananan jini yana gudana a cikin jiki duka yana raguwa sosai, saukar karfin jini yana da muhimmanci sosai kuma rushewar tasowa. Saboda rashin isasshen isasshen jini zuwa gagarumin tsari, kwayoyin launin toka suna sha ruwa da kuma kara.
Kusar da kwakwalwa - alamu
Hoton hoto na al'amuran da aka bayyana a koyaushe yana da mahimmanci kuma ba ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da ya haifar ko akan hanyoyin bunkasa. Akwai ƙungiyoyi 3 da ke nuna alamar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa - an nuna alamun bayyanar zuwa nau'o'i masu biyowa:
- Ciwo na hawan jini na intracranial. Saboda kumburi da kyallen takalma, ƙarar su yana kara ƙaruwa. Ruwa mai yawa a cikin kwanyar yana kaiwa ga karuwa a matsa lamba. Wannan yana haifar da tashin hankali, wani ciwon haɗari da kuma wanda ba dama a jure masa ba, wanda ba shi da wata damuwa. Idan kumburi na kwakwalwa ya ci gaba na dogon lokaci, akwai damuwa da sani.
- Hanyar ƙwayar magunguna. Kusar da kyallen takalma a wasu ɓangarori na sashin kula da tsarin kulawa ta tsakiya yana haifar da cin zarafin ayyukansu. A sakamakon haka, rashin lafiya, na gani, maganganun maganganu, rashin daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi an lura. Wani lokaci mai haƙuri ba zai iya yin aiki mafi girma ba kuma yana cikin halin da ba a sani ba.
- Sanya alamun. Kusar iska-ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da kaucewa wasu sifofin kwayoyin halitta, tare da kara yawan ƙwayoyin kyallen takalma na ƙarancin jijiya da na jini. Dangane da irin abubuwan da suka faru na irin waɗannan abubuwa akwai yiwuwar ciwon zuciya da na numfashi, da ciwo da jini, da zalunci na cin hanci da kuma sauran kwayoyin cutar barazana.
Cerebral edema - magani
Misali na nuna rashin lafiyar cutar, alal misali, bayan rikici ko rauni na kananan, baya buƙatar farfesa ta musamman. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan bita na ƙwayar takalma suna wucewa kai tsaye don kwanaki 2-4. Dole ne asibiti ya zama dole idan harkar rubutu ta ci gaba - ana lura da irin nau'o'in ilimin cututtuka da kuma hadarin gaske ne kawai a cikin kulawar kulawa mai kulawa.
Babban manufar farfadowa shine ƙaddamar da matsin lamba (CPC). Yana da alhakin samar da jini, da samar da oxygen da kayan abinci ga masu amfani. CPR shine bambancin tsakanin tsaka-tsakin da ake ciki da kuma jimlawar ƙwayar intracranial da tsakiyar venous. Sauran ayyuka na magance:
- kawar da zalunci da motsa jiki;
- ci gaba da yanayin jiki na jiki;
- sabuntawa na huhu da kuma zuciya zuciya;
- daidaituwa game da lalacewar kwakwalwa;
- kauce wa dalilan da suka hana zubar da jinin jini daga kogin cranial;
- taimakawa da rigakafin ciwon ciwo;
- kawar da yawan ruwa daga kyallen takarda.
Edema na kwakwalwa - taimakon gaggawa
Magunguna da wannan ganewar asiri ya kamata a gaggauta asibiti.
Na farko kafin shan magani:
- Bayan an gano alamun rubutun na cerebral, nan da nan ya kira tawagar likitoci.
- Saka wanda aka azabtar a kan tsauni a fili.
- Samar da iska mai kyau.
- Idan akwai vomiting, juya kai mutum zuwa gefe.
- Rufa ko cire kayan tufafi.
- Idan akwai wani abu na kamala, a riƙe da kai da kuma ƙafafun marasa lafiya, da hana yin amfani da rauni da rauni.
Edema na kwakwalwa - kwayoyi
An yi amfani da farfadowa da nakasa don kawar da ruwa mai zurfi daga kwayoyin jikinsu da kuma nau'in ƙwayar cuta. Idan an sami bugun jini mai tsanani a cikin manya, ana ba da umurni na intravenous na diurist osmotic tare da taimakon mai kwakwalwa - Mannitol, Albumin da analogues. Bayan taimako daga yanayin mikiyar mai haƙuri an canja shi zuwa diuretics madauki:
- Torasemide;
- Furosemide ;
- Toradiv;
- Lasix;
- Toraz;
- Alamar sirri;
- Tigrim.
- SutrilNEO;
- Torsid;
- Kashe;
- Trifas da sauransu.
Lokacin da matsin intracranial ya yi yawa kuma ba zai yiwu ba ne don kawar da rubutun bugun jini tare da kwayoyin da aka lissafa, an bada shawarar bada ventriculostomy. Wannan shi ne m aikin da zai ba ka damar cire wuce haddi ruwa daga kyallen takarda. Hanyar ita ce gabatar da wani cannula (muni mai zurfi) a cikin ɗaya daga cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa domin ya haifar da magudi. Irin wannan samfurin yana samar da daidaituwa na yau da kullum na matsa lamba da fitarwa daga cikin ruwa.
A gefen ginin jiki, hypoxia yakan faru. Ana amfani da farfajiyar Oxygen don dakatar da yunwa daga iskar oxygen kuma mayar da aikin numfashi. Mafi mahimmancin bambancin shine amfani da maski na musamman tare da samar da iskar gas. A cikin dakunan shan magani na zamani an halicce su - ajiye marasa lafiya a yanayin yanayi na musamman tare da ƙara yawan hawan oxygen. A lokuta masu tsanani, an samu iska ta hanzari.
Don inganta cikewar ƙwayar jiki da kuma daidaita al'amuran ƙwaƙwalwar Kwayoyin, kwantar da hankali na gida da kuma kula da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da ke kunna tsarin matakai na rayuwa:
- Gurbin;
- Armadine;
- Mexidol;
- Citicoline;
- Abudai;
- Elfoon;
- Girka;
- Mai samo;
- Nikomex;
- Mexmidol;
- Dinar;
- Mixed;
- Neurotropin-Mexibel.
Kusar iska ta kwakwalwa tana tare da yiwuwar tantanin tantanin halitta da kuma raunana ganuwar ganuwar. Cutar da wadannan cuta taimaka glucocorticosteroid hormones:
- Hydrocortisone ;
- Depos;
- Prednisolone;
- Celeston;
- Betaspan;
- Diprospan;
- Lauracort;
- Betamethasone;
- Flosteron da sauransu.
Don tabbatar da cutar karfin jini an nada:
- Dibazol;
- Eufillin ;
- Pentamine;
- Azamethonium;
- Papaverine da analogues.
Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya suna buƙatar gudanarwa na rudani na psychomotor. A saboda wannan dalili, haka mai biyowa:
- Droperidol;
- sodium oxybutyrate;
- Diazepam.
Maido da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya ya samo shi ne ta hanyar angioprotectors, hemostatics, antiginoxants, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors da wasu magungunan magani, wanda ya hada da wadannan:
- Dicycin;
- Taswirar ;
- Piracetam;
- glutamic acid;
- Tracerol;
- Kari;
- cytochrome C.
A wasu lokuta wajibi ne a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi, mafi yawa cephalosporins tare da nauyin aiki mai yawa:
- Safarar;
- Cefuroxime;
- Cefazolin;
- Cefadroxil;
- Ceftriaxone da analogues.
Cerebral edema - sakamakon
A wasu lokuta magunguna, likitoci suna sarrafawa don kawar da kullun kyama. Kwajin kwakwalwa ya fi rikitarwa - sakamakon:
- damuwa na tunanin mutum;
- rashin hankali;
- paralysis da paresis;
- rashin lafiya (ya dogara da sassan da ke cikin kwakwalwa);
- gurbatawa;
- rashin barci;
- bakin ciki;
- matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
- ciwon kai na kullum;
- ƙãra ƙwaƙwalwar intracranial da rikici;
- rashin lafiya na aikin motar.
Edema na kwakwalwa - wata alama ce ta rayuwa
Harkokin binciken da aka bincika ya ci gaba da sauri, yana yiwuwa a dakatar da shi ba tare da rikitarwa ba kawai tare da ƙin ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin matasa da lafiya. A wasu lokuta, akwai sakamakon bayan jijiyar ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi. Sanarwar ta dogara ne akan irin lalata kwayoyin cutar, yankunan da suka shafi abin da ya faru da kuma tsananin rashin lafiya. A mafi yawan lokuta, kumburi na kwakwalwa yana haifar da rikice-rikice, wani lokacin kullun yakan kai ga mutuwar mutum.