Metastasis ita ce mayar da hankali ga kwayoyin halitta wanda ke shiga cikin jikin mutum daga wurin farko na cutar. Matakan da suke yadawa ta cikin tasoshin jikin mutum suna kira lymphatic. Ana wucewa ta cikin tasoshin lymphogenous, ana rike da ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki a cikin ƙananan lymph.
Matakan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wuyansa da kuma jiki duka za a iya kafa su duka a cikin matakai na ciwon daji, da mahimmanci da ke damun yanayin mai haƙuri, da farkon farkon. Mafi yawan hanyoyi na lymphogen ne yada mummunan ciwon sukari (misali melanoma ).
Me ya sa ake yadu da ƙwayoyin metastases?
Hakanan ana kiran jigon kwayoyin jikin kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin lymphatic, wanda ya hada da tsarin kwakwalwa na mutum da sauran gine-gine. Ayyukan kwayar lymphatic shine don kula da metabolism, kazalika da tsarkakewa ko tace kayan jikin da jikin jikin mutum.
Hakanan samfurin Lymph suna cikin kungiyoyi a cikin jikin mutum kuma su ne wurin samar da lymphocyte - kwayoyin rigakafi, wanda ke halakar da kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa waɗanda suka shiga jiki. Ana cire tumar tare da metastases a cikin yankuna na lymph na yankin yakan haifar da ƙaddamar da yaduwar kwayoyin tumo. Kuma tare da zabar da aka zaɓa da kyau ya haifar da cikakken maganin cutar.
Akwai dalilai masu taimakawa wajen yada matakan metastases:
- Shekaru (tsofaffi da mutum, mafi kusantar da masarautar);
- cututtuka masu dangantaka (cututtuka na yau da kullum suna raunana ayyukan jiki na jiki kuma suna inganta abin da ya faru na metastases);
- girman da kuma wuri na mayar da hankali ga ƙwayoyin tumatir (mafi girma da ƙari, mafi kusantar bayyanar metastases);
- ciwon tumo (girma a cikin kauri daga jikin jikin ya fi hatsari kuma yakan haifar da metastases idan aka kwatanta da ciwace-ciwacen da ke girma a cikin lumen na kwaya).
Cutar cututtuka na metastases a cikin lymph nodes
Hanyoyin cututtuka na metastases a cikin mahaifa, supraclavicular, axillary da ƙananan lymph nodes ne:
- haɓaka a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa girman da ake iya gani a lokacin bincike na waje;
- rashin ciwon ƙwayar lymph tare da karuwar girma;
- babban nauyi asara, ba tare da rage cin abinci;
- ci gaba mai rauni, gajiya;
- anemia;
- yawan zafin jiki mai tsanani, m azzakari;
- neurosis;
- fadada hanta.
Sau da yawa, ana gano ƙananan metastases lymphogenous a baya fiye da magunguna na farko. Sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin maza a cikin shekaru kimanin shekaru 50.
Sanin asali na metastases lymphogenes
Ɗaya daga cikin bayyanar cututtuka da ƙananan ƙwayoyin hanzari ba su isa ba don ganewar asali. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiyar abubuwa masu ɓoye na ɓoye, alal misali, a cikin ƙananan lymph na ɓangaren ciki, ko kuma ƙananan lymph na retroperitoneal. Tsarin zinariya na dukan masu ilimin likita ilimin kimiyya shine cikakkiyar ganewar asali na dukkanin ƙungiyoyin lymph nodes a gaban ƙananan ƙwayar cuta. Don haka, ana gwada gwajin gwajin zamani kamar CT, PET, MRI, duban dan tayi.
Hanyar maganin metastases a cikin lymph nodes
Yin jiyya na metastases a cikin lymph nodes ne mafi sau da yawa m. Dole ne a cire manyan ƙananan metastases tare da ƙwayoyin lymph a yayin cirewar ciwon sukari ko dabam. Ana amfani da hanyar radiosurgical, tare da taimakon CyberKnife, wanda ya ba da damar ciwon sukari a wuraren da ba a iya kaiwa ba tare da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cuta ba tare da tasiri maras muhimmanci ba.
Tare da raunuka masu yawa, tare da ƙananan ƙananan metastases da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, da kuma a cikin lokacin bayan bayan cirewa daga mummunan ciwon sukari, an riga an tsara maganin radiation da chemotherapy. Haɗuwa da dukkan hanyoyin maganin ya dogara ne akan dalilai masu yawa da kuma likita daban-daban ya bunkasa ga kowane mai haƙuri.