Freudism shi ne shakka mafi yawan shahararren yanayin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya rinjayi a lokacin da aka fara, kuma ya ci gaba da rinjayar masu fasahar zamani, masu kida, marubuta, kuma suna da sha'awar iyawa har ma ga mutanen da ke da nisa daga psychoanalysis.
Tsarin psyche
Akwai tsari na psyche bisa ga Freud, wanda yake ba da cikakken amsa ga dukanmu a lokacin da ya saba wa juna. Ya bayyana cewa duk saba wa juna ma har ma na halitta.
- "Yana" - bisa ga Freud shine bashi marar hankali wanda aka haifa mutum. "Shi" shine ainihin dan Adam na rayuwa da rayuwa, jima'i da zalunci. Yana da "shi" shine sha'awar da take kaiwa ga rinjaye ta mutum ta hanyar ilimin dabba. Har zuwa shekaru 5-6, yaro ne kawai yake jagorantar ne kawai ta hanyar wanda bai san "I" ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa rayuwa ba don jin dadi ba. Sabili da haka, yara a wannan zamani suna da ban tsoro da kuma buƙatar.
- "Super-I" shi ne cikakken akasin "It" a cikin psyche na Freud. Wannan lamari ne na mutum, tunanin laifin, kuskure, ruhaniya, wato, a kan mutum. Lokacin da aka kashe "It" (jima'i na jima'i), "Super-I" ya ba shi izinin zama mai kyau, cikin fasaha. "Super-I" tasowa cikin mutum yayin da ya girma, rinjayar zamantakewar zamantakewa, dokoki, halin kirki.
- "Ni" shine tsakiyar tsakanin "It" da "Super-I", yana da kuɗin mutum, ainihin dabi'arsa. Babban aikin "I" shi ne don haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin yarda da halin kirki. "Ni" kullum na inganta rikice-rikicen tsakanin matakan biyu, yin amfani da kariya ta hankali.
A cewar Freud, aikin da aka kare na psyche an sanya shi musamman ga "I":
- yankewa - tunani, sha'awar, an tilasta motsa jiki zuwa cikin "Yana";
- rationalization - mutum yana neman dalilin da ya dace don bayyanuwar sha'awar maras kyau;
- yaudarar "Super-I" - gamsuwa da sha'awar ba tare da wani laifi ba ;
- gamsuwa da sha'awar wani ɓangare - alal misali, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare wanda ke sha'awar malami kuma wanda ba shi da damar da za ta gane shi yana farawa ne ta hanyar batun.
Wato, a cewar Freud, rayuwarmu shine sha'awar ƙara yawan ƙwaƙwalwar gamsu, yayin da ya rage juyayi.