Alamar mahimmanci ita ce fata rayuwa ta mutane, ta hanyar wanda zai iya yin la'akari da yanayin da jihar na gaba daya. Masana kimiyya sunyi nazari akan wannan batu, gudanar da bincike da kuma hada kididdiga don tantance hanyoyi na tsawon rai.
Zuwan rai - mece ce?
An fahimci wannan ƙayyadadden yawan shekarun da aka haifa wanda za a haifa za su tsira a kan matsakaici, idan aka ba da alamomi na mace-mace mai shekaru ba su canza ba daga lokacin lissafin bayanai. Zuwan matsakaicin rai shine muhimmiyar muhimmanci a cikin kididdigar alƙaluma idan aka kwatanta yawan mutuwar mutane na ƙasa. Har yanzu ana nuna alamar haihuwar haihuwa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don tantance gaskiyar tsarin kiwon lafiya a cikin ka'idodin kimantawar WHO.
Menene kayyadadden rai na mutum?
Don amsa wannan tambaya, yawancin masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kuma sun tattara bayanai game da hanyar rayuwa . A sakamakon haka, sun gudanar da bincike da yawa ka'idoji da suka dace da mutanen da ke zaune a kasashe daban-daban.
- An yi imanin cewa matsin rai na rai na mutum yana dogara ne da matakan wadataccen abu. Mutane da yawa za su yi mamakin, amma tsawon rayuwarsu ba masu arziki bane, amma ma'aikata masu zaman kansu da suke cin abinci mai tsada kuma suna aiki cikin aiki. A wannan ƙaddamarwa, masana kimiyya sun zo, suna binciko kasashen da yawancin masu haɗuwa suke rayuwa.
- Muhimmanci rage yawan halayen rai na rai (barasa, shan taba, da dai sauransu) da kuma amfani da abincin mai cutarwa . Duk wannan yana ƙara haɗarin ciwon zuciya, huhu da hanta. Nazarin ya nuna cewa sau da yawa mutane sukan mutu daga matsalolin da suka danganci zuciya da jini, ilimin halitta, cututtuka da kuma cututtuka.
- Rayuwar rai na mata da maza an rage saboda lalacewar yanayin muhalli a duniya. An lura cewa mutanen da ke zaune a wuraren da aka gurbata sun mutu a baya fiye da wadanda suke zaune a tsaunuka da tsabta.
Yadda za a kara yawan rai?
Akwai matakai da yawa da zasu taimaka wajen kula da lafiyar jiki, rage haɗarin cutar da kara yawan rai:
- Abincin abinci mai kyau . Yin amfani da mai yawa, mai gasa da mai dadi yana haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin lafiyar jiki. Doctors bayar da shawara su hada da abinci a cikin kayan lambu sabo ne kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu arziki a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci, da muhimmanci a rage yawan hadarin cututtuka.
- Yin gwagwarmaya da damuwa da damuwa . Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa babban nau'i na tashin hankali yana haifar dashi na tsufa. Ku ciyar karin lokaci a cikin sararin sama, ku sami sha'awa ga kanku da sauran sauran.
- Sadarwa . Masu bincike sun tabbatar da cewa rayuwar rayuwar zamantakewa tana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar mutum. Sadarwa tare da ƙananan matasa yana da amfani musamman.
- Ayyuka marasa kyau . Zuwan rai a duniya yana da tasiri sosai game da yin amfani da giya da shan taba. Wadannan halaye na kara yawan halayen zuciya da ciwon daji, da ciwon daji.
- Fara iyali . A cewar kididdigar, mutanen da suka yi aure suna rayuwa fiye da mutane marasa aure, domin, ba abin mamaki ba ne, rayuwar iyali tana inganta lafiyar jiki.
- Yi hankali . Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da yawan ƙwayar mace shine haɗari, saboda haka ana bada shawara don kauce wa yanayin da zai haifar da haɗari. Dole ne a yi haka ba kawai yayin tuki, amma kuma yana haye hanya a matsayin mai tafiya.
- Saura a yankuna da kyakkyawan ilimin kimiyya . Idan za ta yiwu, yi ƙoƙarin ciyar da karin lokaci a cikin duwatsu ko a ƙasashe inda babu masana'antu da yanayi mai dadi.
- Wasanni . Idan ka dubi kasashen da ke da matsayi na rayuwa, to, mutane suna jagorancin rayuwa mai kyau da kuma yin horo a kai a kai. Ana bada shawara don zaɓar aikin mafi ban sha'awa ga kanka, kamar yadda ɗayan yana son gymnastics, da sauran suna gudana. Harkokin wasanni na taimakawa wajen kara yawan calories, ƙarfafa kwakwalwa da kuma jiki, kuma yana kara ayyuka masu kare.
Rayuwar rai mafi girma a duniya
Ana cigaba da lura da cigaban maganin kuma masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin gano sabon hanyar da za su magance cututtuka masu mutuwa da kuma adana rayuka. Mun gode wa shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar lafiya, watsa labarai game da PP da salon rayuwa mai kyau, da kuma samun magungunan, wasu ƙasashe ke gudana don fadada rayuwar al'ummarsu.
- Hong Kong . An yi la'akari da matsayi na rayuwa mafi girma a duniya a tsakanin mazaunan wannan unification na yankuna na kasar Sin, saboda haka yawancin mutane suna rayuwa a nan har shekaru 84. Yi tarayya da wannan tare da abinci na musamman da gymnastics, da kuma game da mahjong, wanda ya motsa kwakwalwa.
- Italiya . Yawancin masana kimiyya suna mamakin gaskiyar cewa wannan ƙasa tana cikin ƙimar ƙasashen da ke da tsawon rai, tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a kira tsarin lafiyarta mafi kyau. Matsakaicin matsakaicin shekaru 83 ne. Kadai bayani shine saurin sauyin yanayi da abinci na Rum tare da kuri'a na cin abincin teku.
- Switzerland . Wannan kasa ta fito ne don bunkasa tattalin arzikinta, babban albashi, kyakkyawan ilimin kimiyya da tsabtace iska. Bugu da} ari, gwamnati ta kashe ku] a] e a cikin sashen kiwon lafiya. Zuwan matsakaicin rai shine shekaru 83.
Rayuwar rai a kasashen duniya
Masu bincike, nazarin rayuwar rai a kasashe daban daban, la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, alal misali, ci gaban tattalin arziki, kudaden yawan jama'a, ci gaba da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na jama'a, ingancin kula da kiwon lafiya da kuma yanayin muhalli na yankin. Rayuwar rayuwa ta rayuwa a duniya ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutane ke so akan abinci da kuma jaraba ga shan taba da barasa.
Rayuwar rai a Amurka
A shekara ta 2015, masu bincike sun fara samowa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Babban sanadin mutuwar shine zuciya da cututtuka, kuma likitoci da dama sun ce sun zargi Amurkawa don cin abinci mai lalacewa, irin su abinci mai sauri. Mutane da yawa sun mutu daga ciwon daji da kuma cututtukan cututtuka na numfashi. Ƙarin mutuwa ya karu saboda haɗari, ciwon sukari da shanyewar jiki. Rayuwar rai a duniya a Amurka ga maza yana da shekara 76, kuma mata 81.
Lifespan a Sin
Jagorar shugaban kasa tana ci gaba da yin duk abin da zai yiwu don inganta rayuwar talakawa. Daya daga cikin shirye-shirye na sabuwar gwamnatin "Sin-2030" mai lafiya ne, yana nufin inganta rayuwar dan kasar Sin zuwa shekaru 79. Wannan littafi ya gabatar da surori 29 da suka shafi kiwon lafiya, yanayi, kayan magani da abinci. A Sin, HLS da PP suna watsawa sosai. A halin yanzu, rayuwar rai a kasar Sin shekaru 76 ne. Babban dalilin mutuwa - cututtuka da ke tattare da zuciya da jini.
Rayuwa ta rayuwa a Japan
Wannan ƙasashen Asiya an haɗa su a cikin ƙimar ƙasashen da mutane suke da haɗuwa. Rayuwar rai mafi girma na mutum yana ƙaddara ta dalilai da dama, wanda ya haɗa da: abinci mai kyau, babban aikin kiwon lafiya da tsabta, aikin motsa jiki da lokuta na waje. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa Jafananci sune mafi kyawun mutane a duniya. Rayuwa ta rayuwa a Japan shine shekaru 84.
Lifespan a Indiya
Ana iya kiran wannan ƙasa misali na sabawa, domin a cikin ƙasa guda an ƙaddamar da talauci da alatu na wuraren hutu. A Indiya, ayyuka da abinci suna da tsada. Duk da haka ya kamata a lura cewa, yawancin ƙasar, rashin lafiya da ilimin kimiyya. Ba shi yiwuwa a kira yanayin yanayin wannan yanki na rayuwa. Rayuwar rayuwar rai a Indiya ta kasance shekaru 69, tare da mata masu shekaru 5 fiye da maza.
Rayuwar rai a Jamus
Tsarin rayuwa a cikin wannan ƙasashen Turai an yarda da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma. Rayuwar rayuwa ta rayuwa a Jamus ga mutane yana da shekarun 78, kuma ga mata - 83. Wannan shi ne saboda dalilai da yawa: hawan ma'aikata da ilimi, ingantaccen zamantakewar al'umma da lafiyar jiki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da daraja a lura da kyakkyawan aikin muhalli da kuma kyakkyawan ruwa. A Jamus, gwamnati ta ba da hankali sosai ga 'yan gudun hijira da marasa lafiya, wanda yana da tasiri mai kyau a rayuwa.
Matsayin rayuwar rayuwa a Rasha
A Rasha, mutane suna rayuwa a ƙasa da ƙasashen Turai da Asiya da dama kuma sun haɗa wannan tare da rashin lafiya da kiwon lafiya da ci gaba a cikin yankuna da dama na kasar. Ya kamata a lura da lalacewar alamun yanayin muhalli, alal misali, saboda lalata. Bugu da ƙari, yana da daraja a ambaci yaduwa a tsakanin yawancin mutane irin waɗannan halaye masu halayyar kamar shan taba da yin amfani da barasa akai-akai. Rayuwar rai na mutumin da ke zaune a yankin ƙasar Rasha shine shekaru 71, tare da mata masu shekaru 10 da suka wuce maza.
Rayuwar rai a Ukraine
A cikin wannan ƙasa, alamun da aka kwatanta da ƙasashen Turai da yawa suna da ƙasa. Rayuwar rayuwar rai a Ukraine ta kasance shekaru 71. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin yankuna da masana'antun da ke ci gaba, masu nuna alamun suna ƙasa da ƙasa. Ƙananan dabi'u suna haɗe da rashin ci gaba na kiwon lafiya da rashin kuɗin kuɗi na 'yan ƙasa. Game da abubuwan da ke haifar da mace-mace, bisa ga kididdigar, yawancin cututtuka da yawa: cututtuka, HIV, ciwon huhu da ciwon daji. Kada ka manta game da buri na mazaunan Ukraine zuwa barasa.