Gidan shine lambun 'ya'yan itacen blueberry ne a Amurka, ya zo Turai a karni na karshe kuma an tabbatar da shi a cikin ɗakin daji da kuma masana'antu. An san itatuwan Berries saboda dandano mai dadi da ƙanshi, suna da darajar rabbin acid da sukari. Su dace da adanawa da kuma daskarewa, yayin da suke riƙe da dandano da kayan magunguna.
Garden blueberry - bayanin
Dark blue, kusan baki, an rufe shi da farin ciki Bloom na berries na blueberry, da yawa kamar. Su ne manyan da jiki, suna girma akan bishiyoyi, suna da dandano mai ban sha'awa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne cikakke tare da abubuwa masu amfani, 100 g na berries dauke da 0.81 g na potassium, 0.01 g baƙin ƙarfe da kuma 0.14 g na bitamin C. Suna da magani warke a kan kodan, zuciya, inganta hangen nesa, rage matakan jini , ƙarfafa wariyar ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa suna so su noma wannan mu'ujiza-Berry a gonar.
Bayani na taƙaitaccen al'ada:
- da tushen shuka ne umbilical, ba tare da a kaikaice rassan;
- harbe - kafa, an rufe shi da haushi;
- Daji, dangane da iri-iri, yana da tsawo na mita 1-2;
- bar m, dukan, lanceolate, har zuwa 3 cm tsawo;
- furanni biyar-toothed, tare da ruwan hoda ko farin whisk;
- berries suna da launin ruwan launi mai launin shudi mai launin shudi, nauyi - daga 1 zuwa 25 grams, dangane da iri-iri.
High-samar da gwaggwabar riba bushes na lambu blueberry, a lokacin rani da alheri rufe berries na samaniya launi, m. Sun fi girma fiye da gandun daji da kuma maganin matsalolin da yawa. Gidan yana da kayan ado a duk shekara - ya yi fure a cikin idon ruwa, kyakkyawar fructifies a lokacin rani, ganye sun zama murjani a cikin kaka. A cikin mutane, an lura da wani ingancin injin - a cikin zafi yana fitar da mai mai muhimmanci, wanda lokacin da aka shayar da shi ya ji wani abu mai sauƙi. Saboda haka, al'adun da ake lakabi "mashayi".
Iri na lambu blueberries
Masu shayarwa sun samar da iri iri iri iri iri na lambun blueberries (game da 20), suna bambanta da halaye. Ana saran 'ya'yan fari a Yuli-Agusta, marigayi - ta watan Satumba. Akwai tsire-tsire masu tsayi da yawa, mafi yawansu suna da tsayayya ga sanyi, ruwan sanyi yana kawo hatsari ga furanni. Ba dukkanin matasan kasashen waje suna tafiya tare a yanayin arewa ba - marigayi suna gudanar da girma ta hanyar kashi 30%. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da jinsin jinsin suna da kyau a horar da su a tsakiyar zamanan zaman.
Blueberry lambu - mafi kyau salon iri:
- Blueberger Garden Northbloom. Da iri-iri ne takaice, daji ya kai kimanin 90 cm. Yawancin berries sun fara daga farkon Agusta, amfanin gona - har zuwa 3 kilogiram daga daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba, an adana su na dogon lokaci, suna da shawarar yin amfani da masana'antu da kuma amfani da ita. A Arewablo iri-iri ne halin sanyi juriya, shi ba ya ɓace a -35 ° С.
- Blueberry lambu Elizabeth. Tsarin al'ada, yana da rassan bishiyoyi mai tsayi na 1.8 m. Tsarinta yana da sauƙin haifuwa ta hanyar cuttings. Berries fara ci gaba a farkon Agusta, fruiting yana kimanin makonni biyu, yawan amfanin ƙasa - 4-6 kg da daji. Su ne manyan (har zuwa 22 mm.), Ka yi launin fata mai launin fata, mai dadi da ƙure. Elizabeth - daya daga cikin mafi kyau iri iri don dandano da dandano, duk da cewa cewa share na amfanin gona bazai da lokaci zuwa ripen.
- Blueberry Garden Bonus. Wannan ita ce al'adar mafi girma da mafi girma. Berries kai 30 mm. a diamita, ripen a Yuli-Agusta, mai dadi don dandana. Su dace da sabon amfani da daskarewa. Da iri-iri suna jurewa sanyi.
Early iri na lambu blueberries
Berries na blueberries za a iya jin dadin riga a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Mafi shahararren farkon iri shine:
- Blueberries Garden Blugold. Nau'i na farko, yana da shimfiɗa daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai launin shuɗi, tare da nama mara kyau, wanda aka shirya don amfani a farkon watan Yuli. Berries wither, suna bukatar a tattara sauri. Yawan aiki - 4,5 kg daga daji. Al'adu kullum yana fuskantar sanyi, yana dace da latitudes.
- Garden Duke. Tall, samar da amfanin gona (8 kg daga daji), wani iri iri da ba'a ji tsoron sanyi a cikin bazara - furanni suna daura da marigayi, berries sun bayyana ta tsakiyar watan Yuli. Ya kamata a yanke bishiyoyi na lambun bishiyoyi Duke don 'ya'yan itatuwa su ne manyan. Ganye suna da dandano mai kyau da wari.
Yadda za a yi girma blueberries a kan gonar mãkirci?
Lokacin da za a yanke shawara game da yadda za a dasa shukin lambun lambu, yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da ainihin bukatun don yanayin yanayin gona:
- zaɓi wuri na hasken rana, wanda aka rufe daga iska (a cikin inuwa girbi zai zama m da ƙananan);
- don bayyana yanayin acid na ƙasa - ana buƙatar alamar alama a cikin iyakokin 3.5-4.5 (don ƙarfafa zabin, sawdust daga itace coniferous ya kara da cewa);
- shafin don dasa shuki ya kamata ya tsaya tsawon shekaru "karkashin tururi" (babu abin zauna);
- kasar gona tana buƙatar sako-sako da kwalliya, watsi da iska (kasa mai laushi bai dace da tushen) ba;
- lokacin dasa - spring ko kaka. Tsarin farko ya fi dogara ga yanayin hunturu.
Yadda za a dasa shukar lambun lambu?
Shawarwari - yadda za a dasa shuki lambun blueberry:
- Ganye ramukan suna digging a diamita na 60 cm kuma zurfin 40 cm;
- sa da tattalin substrate - sphagnum peat, coniferous sawdust, gansakuka;
- a cikin rami saka 2 tbsp. spoons na sulfur don acidification acid;
- Ana fitar da su daga cikin tukunya, tare da wani yumɓu mai laushi, a cikin ruwa na rabin sa'a, to, tushen tsarin yana da kyau kuma an dasa bishiyoyi cikin rami;
- Bayan an tsaftace matasan, kasar gona da ke kusa da kara tana rayewa da kuma tsabtace shi.
- Daga sama, duniya tana rufe shi da sawdust 5 cm lokacin farin ciki, lokacin da aka amince, an wadatar da shi da nitrogen da acid.
Ta yaya lambun lambu na girma?
Al'adu shima ne. Saboda haka an dasa shuki a cikin layuka tare da tsaka-tsakin daga guda daya zuwa wani m 1.5 m, tsakanin layuka - 1 m. An zabi waɗannan sigogi saboda halaye na shuka, wanda zai iya girma zuwa manyan girma, kuma rassan sunyi kwance a ƙasa. A karkashin irin wannan makirci, al'adu suna samun haske mai kyau kuma suna fructifies yadda ya kamata.
Kula da gonar blueberry
Cigaba da ƙwaya ita ce mafi mahimmanci na tsarin namo. Ba a yarda da tsire-tsire ba a hanya ba - suna kwance pores a cikin ƙasa kuma suna jinkirta ciyar da daji. Zurfin na loosening - 10 cm, saboda haka kada su lalata tushen. M girma na berries ya dogara da m watering - lambu blueberry ne mai dadi-auna, saman Layer na substrate ya kamata a kullum zama m. A cikin zafin rana, ana buƙatar hawan rawanin tare da ruwan dumi da safe ko da yamma. Bugu da ƙari, kiyayewa yana samar da pruning da fertilizing, don blueberry lambu dace kawai don mineral fertilizing. A lokacin hunturu ana kwantar da asusun da ake amfani da su a tsirrai tare da sawdust.
Kasar gona don lambu blueberries
Kayan shuka yana son yashi, peaty kasa, mai saukin shiga cikin ruwa da iska. Cikin al'adun ke tsiro ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai acid acid tare da pH na 3.5-4.5 - ana buƙata don naman gwari wanda yake hade tare da daji kuma yana taka rawar gashin gashi, wadanda basu da shi a cikin shuka kanta. Bayan dasa, a lokacin da aka kara sulfur da needles a cikin rami don acidification, kula da gonar blueberry na samar da kayan aikin yaudara. Akalla sau biyu a mako, acid citric (50 grams da guga) ana kara zuwa ruwa. Ana iya maye gurbin shi da vinegar - 50 ml. don lita 10 na ruwa.
Garden blueberry - watering
Tsire-tsire yana da kyau sosai, yana buƙatar ɗaukar moisturizing. Bushes na blueberry lambu bukatar samar da wani makirci na ban ruwa, wanda tushen zai isasshe danshi, amma ba zai stagnate na fiye da kamar 'yan kwanaki. Saki blueberry sau biyu a mako, yana zuba guga na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane tsire-tsire a cikin safiya ko maraice. Musamman majiji yana buƙatar moisturizing a cikin Yuli Agusta, bayan da aka haife fure-fure na 'ya'yan itace masu zuwa.
Ciyar da lambu blueberries
Fertilizing da shuka farawa daga shekara ta biyu na namo kuma an yi daidai bayan hunturu kawai tare da ma'adinai mahadi. Ƙara takin gargajiya ( takin , ash, taki) an haramta - suna da tasiri a kan daji. Abin da za a ciyar da lambun lambu na blueberry don bunkasa girma:
- superphosphate (100 grams da daji);
- ammonium sulfate ;
- ziz sulfate (2 g da daji);
- sulfate na potassium (2 g da daji);
- Sulfuric magnesium (15 g da daji).
An gabatar da sulphate ammonium cikin sauye-sauye - a lokacin da aka kumbamar da ƙasa, a farkon Mayu da Yuni. A matsakaici, saka 90 g ta daji. A gonar blueberry kanta ya gaya maka abin da ciyar ne wajibi:
- Idan ganye sun yi rani a cikin bazara, ana bukatar phosphates;
- idan sun zama maras nauyi da ƙananan, an kara nitrogen;
- Ƙararren ganye yana nuna rashin potassium;
- yellowing - wani rashin boron.
Pruning na lambu blueberry
A kowace shekara don cin m berries, a cikin bazara, kafin buds yaɗa, ko a cikin kaka bayan fall na fall, daji ya kamata a yanke. Yadda za a yi girma a lambun blueberry dangane da kambin kambi:
- Ana yin gyaran gyaran kafa na farko a shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki amfanin gona. Wannan yana yanke dukkan ƙananan ƙananan, mai rauni da kuma girma. Ka bar karfi da kuma sanya shi a hankali;
- A kowace shekara, ana gudanar da tsarin pruning. Don yin wannan:
- rabu da mu lalace, rauni, m rassan;
- manyan harbe suna aiki shekaru 5-6, bayan an yanke su a kasa;
- a karshen lokacin rani, an ɗora mafi girma daga cikin rassan girma;
- cire damun kananan rassan a ƙarshen harbe.
Cututtuka na lambu blueberry
Shrubs wasu lokuta shafa fungal, cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Maganin mafi yawan al'amuran:
- Cututtuka na fungal:
- launin toka ;
- Yada ciwon daji;
- marigayi;
- Fomopsis;
Ana haifar da su ta hanyar damuwa da ruwa a cikin asalinsu da rashin daidaituwa na ƙasa. Don gyara halin da ake ciki, wajibi ne don tabbatar da dacewar watering da satarwa. A matsayin magani 2-3 sau spraying plantations tare da tazara na mako guda ta hanyar shiri Topaz (Topsin, Fundazolum) ana amfani. Kula da gonar blueberry dangane da rigakafin cututtuka don bayar da magani ga ƙwayoyin Bordeaux a cikin bazara da bayan girbi.
- Kwayoyin cututtuka. Wani lokaci cututtukan microplasma ke shafan shuka: mosaic, dwarfism, thinning rassan, necrotic spotting. Don warkewar daji ba shi yiwuwa - yana da muhimmanci don tsaftace samfurori marasa lafiya.
Sake bugun gonar blueberry
Za ka iya ƙara shuka bishiyoyi na Berry a hanyoyi daban-daban. Yadda za a propagate wani blueberry lambu:
- Tsaba. An samo su daga 'ya'yan itace, dried, an ajiye su na tsawon watanni 3 a cikin firiji kuma a saka su a cikin wani sashi wanda aka gauraye tare da peat. Tsaba da aka rufe tare da littafin Cellophane, shayarwa, da sassauta. Zaku iya shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa bayan shekaru 2.
- Cuttings. Woody harbe an shirya a cikin kaka ko spring. Tsawon mafi ƙarancin adadin shi ne 8-15 cm. Domin rayuwa a cikin wata daya, an adana shi a cikin sanyi mai sanyi na digiri biyar, sa'anan kuma a dasa shi a cikin abun da ke ciki na peat da yashi a hade da 3: 1. Ana sanya cuttings a karkashin fim kuma an shayar sau uku a mako. Shekara guda, girma girma seedlings, wanda za a iya rushe a rami mai rami.
- Shiryawa. Ana rassan sassan da aka binne su a cikin wani sashi (peat, sawdust, yashi) kuma an rufe su da fim. Daga dajiyar uwarsa an raba raguwa don shekara ta gaba, amma lokaci yana kara ƙaruwa.