Haske shi ne nau'i na abubuwa da yanayi na gaskiya. A nan ne muhimmiyar rawar da ake takawa ta hanyar shekarun wanda ya fahimta. Haske yana taimakawa wajen samar da hoton hoton na batun. A cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, wannan batu ya ba ka damar gano yadda mutum yake ganin halin da ake ciki kuma abin da ya samo asali daga sadarwa tare da duniya a kusa da shi.
Menene hankali?
Haske shi ne aiki mai hankali da ke taimakawa wajen samun fahimtar mutum na duniya. Tsinkaya shine kwarewar wani abu ko abu, shine ainihin tsarin halitta na mutum psyche . Irin wannan aiki yana samuwa ta hanyar hanyoyi masu galibi da aka samo asalin hoton mutum na ainihi. Yana rinjayar masu nazari tare da dukan jerin sifofin fahimta.
Haske shi ne batun shahararren bincike na tunani. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, irin wannan tunani na gaskiya yana nufin fahimtar juna, fahimtar juna, da samuwa a cikin sane na cikakkiyar hoto na wani abu. Haske ba zai iya kasancewa ba tare da sanarwa ba, amma wannan tsari ne mai mahimmanci. Alal misali, zaku iya jin sautuna, ko sauraro da hankali, zaku iya gani kawai ko kallon kallo, kallo.
Nau'in tsinkaye
Dangane da kwayoyin fahimta, hangen nesa zai iya zama:
- Duba . Rashin motsi ido na mutum shine spasmodic, don haka mutum yayi aiki da bayanin da aka samu. Amma idan ya tsaya, tsarin fahimta zai fara. Irin wannan tsinkaye yana tasiri ne game da halin da ake ciki a baya. Alal misali, idan mutum ya saba amfani da shi ta hanyar rubutu a kowane lokaci tare da idanuwansa, zai zama da wahala a gare shi ya koyi yadda zai zurfafa nazarin abu a nan gaba. Zai yiwu ba a lura da manyan sassan layi ba, sa'an nan a lokacin da aka amsa kuri'un, ba su kasance a cikin littafin ba.
- Kayan aiki . Wannan aikin yana da alhakin daidaitawa, sarrafawa da kuma gyara aikin ƙungiyoyi na hannu. Irin wannan fahimta yana dogara ne akan faɗar fahimta, zazzabi da kuma motsin rai. Amma fasalin kwayar halitta a wannan yanayin shine hannun ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen sanin alamun mutum da alamar abubuwan tare da taimakon ji.
- Auditory . A cikin hangen nesa na mutum a cikin mutum, wani wuri mai mahimmanci yana shagaltar da tsarin waya da rhythmic-melodic. Abubuwan kunnuwan mutum, ba kamar dabba ba, yana da ƙari sosai, mai wadata kuma mafi sauki. Wannan fahimta yana amfani da motar motar, amma irin wannan bangaren ya ɓace a cikin tsari na musamman. Alal misali, yin waƙa tare da murya don kunne mai kunne kuma yayi magana don sauraren magana.
Bugu da ƙari, irin tunanin da aka sama, akwai wasu ƙarin abubuwa biyu wanda ba a bayyana bayanin ba ta hanyar hankula ba, amma ta wurin fahimta:
- Gudun wurare, nisa, nisa, wurare na abubuwan da ke samuwa daga gare mu da kuma daga juna.
- Lokaci shine lokaci, gudun da jerin abubuwan da suka faru. Kowane mutum yana da ninkin kansa na ciki, wanda ba ya dace daidai da rukunin yau da kullum. Kuma don mutum ya iya gane wannan rukunin, yana amfani da ƙarin alamu da masu bincike.
Dokar fahimta
Gane shine bayyanar sakonni na wani abu ko sabon abu. Sadarwa kamar yadda hangen nesa shine tsari don farawa, tun lokacin da hanyar sadarwa ta fara tare da fahimtar mutane da juna. Kuma tsarin fahimta, bisa ga ka'idojin fahimtar jama'a, an gina shi a matsayin shari'ar game da abu. Masanin kimiyya mai suna NN Lange ya kafa dokoki na musamman na fahimta, bisa ga yadda fahimtar shine saurin canji na wani hangen nesa na wani abu da ya fi dacewa.
Haske cikin falsafar
Haske a fannin falsafanci shine fahimtar fahimta, kallon abubuwan da ke cikin sani ta hanyoyi. Wannan ra'ayi yana da nau'o'i da yawa:
- Hoto na ciki, ta hanyar da mutum ya san inda yatsunsa yake, ya zauna ko tsaye, yana cike da matsananciyar yunwa ko gajiya.
- Binciken waje, wanda aka gani, ji, taɓawa, ƙanshi, dandano.
- Hanyoyin kirkira, wanda ke nuna kanta ta hanyar tausayawa ko motsi.
Mene ne fahimta a cikin ilimin halin mutum?
Haske a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa shi ne aikin tunani na cognition. Tare da taimakon irin wannan fahimta, mutum zai iya yin tunani da hanzari ya samar da cikakken siffar abu. A wasu kalmomi, wannan gaskiyar gaskiyar ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa da ita ta hanyar:
- dalili;
- shigarwa;
- kwarewa;
- halaye na sirri na mai ganewa;
- sanin duniya ta hanyar fahimtar mutum "I".
Hasashe na Jama'a
Dangantakar jama'a shine fahimtar dukan abubuwan zamantakewa. Tana nazarin hali na hali tsakanin mutane da matakai daban-daban. Domin samun fahimtar da fahimtar wani mutum, akwai wasu hanyoyin da suka shafi tunanin zamantakewa, suna wakilta:
- ganewa, lokacin da mutum ya fara yin hali, a irin wannan hanyar, a cikin ra'ayinsa, wanda zai iya yin aiki da shi;
- tausayi , lokacin da mutum ya rubuta halin tunanin mutum na dangi;
- wani janyo hankalin da yake nuna kansa a cikin hanyar soyayya ko abota;
- tunani, lokacin da mutum ya fara ganin kansa ta hanyar idon mai haɗaka;
- streotyping, lokacin da mutum ya gane da abokin aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar, al'umma;
- Sakamakon lalacewa, lokacin da mutum yana da wasu halaye bisa ga ayyukansa.
Yanayin jinsi na hangen nesa
Abubuwan ƙyama sune wasu siffofin da ke hana haɗin kai ga juna ta hanyar abokan hulɗa. A kimiyya an wakilce su:
- Farima, wanda aka bayyana lokacin da ka hadu;
- sabon abu, wanda ke nuna kanta a fitowar sabon bayani;
- halo, wanda aka bayyana a lokacin da ya kara yawan halayen abokin tarayya.