A karo na farko, duniyar ta koyi game da zalunci daga ayyukan marubucin Faransa Marquis de Sade (sunansa kuma ya karbi wannan abu), kuma a cikin kimiyya wannan kalma ta bayyana a cikin ɗan littafin Kraft-Ebing, wanda aka buga a 1886. A cikin ma'anar ma'anar kalma, zalunci yana nufin hali ne ga aikata mugunta kuma don jin dadi daga azabar wasu. Amma abu mai mahimmanci yana da nau'o'in dake tattare da nau'o'in rayuwa. Wannan ya hada da rashin tausayi na zuciya, bakin ciki game da dabbobi, sadakokin jima'i.
Sadarwar yara
Abin takaici sosai, alamun baƙin ciki na iya nuna kansu a cikin ƙarami. An yi imanin cewa mafi yawan dukkan wannan abu yana nunawa ga yara, saboda abin da ake kira "castration complex". Saboda tsoron tsoron rasa amfani da ilmin lissafi, yaron yana da fushi, ya nuna a cikin sha'awar karya wani abu, ya hallaka. A hankali, wannan tsoro ya wuce, kuma tare da shi zalunci. Amma idan yaron ya kunyata, musamman ma mahaifinsa, to, tsoron tsoron rasa namiji ya kasance a cikin tunani. Kuma idan yaron ya rufe halinsa, to, makarantar makaranta suna cikin babban haɗari don samun dabi'un da suka rigaya suka kasance. Har ila yau, sha'awar sadaukarwa na iya bunkasa saboda rashin kulawa ga iyayensu, amma wanda bai kamata ya rasa yiwuwar rashin lafiya ba, abin da zai iya zama bakin ciki.
Amma kasancewa da sha'awar balaga a cikin yara ba yana nufin cewa yaron zai girma ba. Sadism na iya kasancewa a latse, wato, kada a bayyana kanta har sai wani sa'a (alal misali, yayin tashin hankali). Wasu mutane suna gudanar da jagorancin wannan haɗin kai na al'ada a wata hanya - da yawa likitocin likitoci sun zalunta dabbobi a cikin yarinyar.
Saduwa da jima'i
Wannan irin wannan bakin ciki shine nau'i na jima'i, wanda mutum yake jin dadi ta hanyar haifar da wahala ga abokin aure. A cewar kididdigar, ana ganin sadaddar jima'i da mata a cikin kashi 2 cikin 100 na mata da kashi 5 cikin dari na maza. Amma 'yan mata sukan fi son rikici, yayin da maza suna son zalunci. Wannan hali za a iya kaiwa ga:
- a kan dabbobi;
- a kan mutane da suka fi raunana fiye da masu saduwa - yara ko marasa lafiya;
- a kan mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin su a rayuwar iyali - mata, dangi, yara;
- a kan mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin aiki - ƙananan ma'aikata;
- a kan mutane da ke tsaye a kan matsayi na jama'a.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i da yawa na saduwa da jima'i:
- Mafarki - mutum bai fahimci burinsa ba, sun kasance a fannin tunani.
- M. A wannan yanayin, mai sadaukarwa yana hana haɗin auren abokin tarayya da gangan, da gangan ya guje wa ayyukan da ke sa ta farin ciki mafi girma.
- M. Wannan ya kunshi nau'ikan wulakanci daga mummunan tunanin mutum don haifar da cutar jiki. Wannan irin wannan bakin ciki shine mafi muni, tun da yake zai iya kashe kisan gilla.
Sadism psychological
Wannan irin wannan bakin ciki a cikin ilimin kwakwalwan mutum yana kiransa halin kirki ne ko kuma mummunan bakin ciki. A wannan yanayin, wanda aka azabtar da shi ya zama mummunar wahalar halin kirki da halin kirki a cikin irin lalata, wulakanci, barazana, da dai sauransu. Yin kirga irin wannan mutumin a farkon gani ba sauki ba ne, saboda yana iya ɓoye sha'awarsa na dogon lokaci. Za su nuna a baya, lokacin da za a kara girman amincewa, da kuma zalunci za ta kawo babbar sadaka ga wanda aka azabtar.
Dalilin bakin ciki da jiyya
A bayyanar da sha'awar sadaukarwa za a iya zarge ku saboda dalilai masu yawa, mafi yawancin su ne wadannan.
- Kuskuren ilimin ilimi.
- Rawantattun abubuwa da suka fito daga tasiri na kayayyakin samfurin.
- Sanin mallakan kansa ga wasu.
- Rashin halayyar motsa jiki da jima'i, sakaci ga wasu mutane, musamman daga mutanen da ba jima'i ba.
- Yanayin sakonni na halin mutum, hali ko psyche.
- Kwayoyin tunani.
A wannan lokacin babu wasu hanyoyi da za a magance bakin ciki, tun da yake ya shafi dukkan fannonin halin mutum. A halin yanzu, hanyoyi na ƙarfafawa da horarwa a hankali suna na kowa. Idan akwai lokuta masu haɗari, an riga an umarci kwayoyi anti-androgenic, wanda zai rage janyo hankalin kuma ya rage iyakokin bayyanar. A kowane hali, magani yana da tsawo, rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa marasa lafiya sau da yawa ba sa jin sun cancanta.