An yi amfani da misali ko ƙwarewar horo na horo a makarantun ilimi na dogon lokaci. Misali mafi kyau daga wannan fasaha shine lacca. Kuma ko da yake wannan hanyar koyarwa ta kasance kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan al'amuran, horo na sannu-sannu ya zama mafi dacewa.
Mene ne keɓaɓɓen ilmantarwa?
Hanyar ilimi a makarantun sakandaren makarantu, makarantu, jami'o'i sun kasu kashi biyu - kunya da aiki. Wani abu mai mahimmanci ya haɗa da canja wurin ilimin daga malami ga ɗalibin ta hanyar lacca da binciken abin da ke cikin littafi. An gwada gwajin ilmi ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, gwajin, sarrafawa da sauran ayyukan tabbatarwa. Ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci na hanya m shine:
- rauni feedback daga dalibai;
- ƙananan mataki na keɓancewa - dalibai ba su tsinkaya ba ne ta mutum ba, amma ta ƙungiyar;
- rashin aikin aikin da ke buƙatar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwarewa.
Hanyoyin aiki na koyarwa suna motsa aikin haɓaka da ƙwarewar ɗalibai. Ɗalibi a cikin wannan yanayin shine mai aiki mai aiki a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, amma yana hulɗa da yawa kawai tare da malamin. Hanyoyin aiki suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaba da 'yancin kai, ilimi kai tsaye, amma basu kusan koyar da aiki a cikin rukuni.
Harkokin haɗin kai yana daya daga cikin irin hanyoyin koyarwa. Yin hulɗa tare da ilmantarwa mai mahimmanci ba wai kawai a tsakanin malami da ɗalibi ba, a wannan yanayin dukkan masu horarwa sun tuntuɓi kuma suna aiki tare (ko a kungiyoyi). Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na ilmantarwa suna yin hulɗar juna, hadin kai, bincike, tattaunawa, wasan tsakanin mutane ko mutane da kuma yanayin da suka dace. Yin amfani da hanyoyin aiki da haɗin kai na koyarwa a darussan, malamin yana ƙãra yawan abubuwan da dalibai suka koya zuwa 90 bisa dari.
Ayyuka masu ilmantarwa
Yin amfani da hanyoyin koyarwa masu mahimmanci sun fara tare da kayan aikin gani na al'ada, hotuna, taswira, samfurori, da dai sauransu. A yau, fasahar zamani na hulɗar koyarwa sun haɗa da kayan aiki na karshe:
- hotuna masu amfani ;
- Allunan;
- simulators kwamfuta;
- samfurin kirkira;
- plasma panels;
- masu gabatarwa ;
- laptops, da dai sauransu.
Harkokin sadarwa a cikin koyarwa yana taimakawa wajen warware ayyukan da ke biyowa:
- barin gabatarwar gabatarwa ga kayan aiki don hulɗa da juna tare da hada motility;
- Ajiye lokaci ta hanyar ba da zane zanen zane, dabara da sigogi a kan hukumar ba;
- Ƙara ƙarfin shigar da kayan binciken, saboda aikace-aikacen kayan aiki na yau da kullum yana ƙunshe da tsarin ilimin galibi na dalibi;
- sauƙi na kungiya ƙungiya ko aiki, cikakken shiga cikin masu sauraro;
- kafa dangantaka mai zurfi tsakanin yara da malamin, inganta yanayin cikin tawagar.
Hanyar ilmantarwa
Hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar koyarwa - wasanni, tattaunawar, yin wasa, horo, horo, da dai sauransu. - buƙatar malamin ya yi amfani da fasaha na musamman. Akwai wadansu dabarun da yawa, kuma ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban a matakai daban-daban na zaman:
- don shiga cikin tsari sun yi amfani da "brainstorming", tattauna da kuma fitar da yanayin;
- a lokacin babban ɓangaren darasi na yin amfani da gungu, karatun aiki, tattaunawar, laccoci na al'ada, wasanni na kasuwanci;
- domin karɓar amsawar irin wannan karɓa a matsayin "kyautar da ba a gama ba", wata alamar, wani labaran, wani karamin abun da ke ciki ya zama dole.
Harkokin ilimin kimiyyar da ilimin ilimin lissafi na ilmantarwa
Ayyukan ma'aikata ilimi don ci gaba da ilmantarwa shine samar da yanayi ga mutum don cimma nasara mafi girma. Harkokin ilimin kimiyyar da ilimin lissafi don aiwatar da ilmantarwa tare da:
- shirye shiryen masu horo don irin wannan horo, samun ilimi da basira;
- m yanayin sauyin yanayi a cikin aji, sha'awar taimakon juna;
- gabatarwa;
- Kowane mutum yana kusanci kowane ɗalibi;
- Akwai dukkanin wuraren horo.
Ƙayyade na hanyoyin koyarwa m
Ana rarraba fasahar koyarwa mai mahimmanci zuwa mutum da rukuni. Kowane mutum ya haɗa da horarwa da yin ayyuka. Ƙungiyoyin hulɗar ƙungiyoyi sun kasu kashi 3 subgroups:
- tattaunawar da za a yi, tattaunawa, tattaunawa, nazarin yanayin, nazarin yanayi, bunkasa ayyukan;
- game - kasuwanci, rawar labari, wasan kwaikwayon da sauran wasannin, tambayoyin, wasanni, wasanni;
- hanyoyin horarwa - wasanni na kimiyya, duk nau'o'in horo.
Hanyoyin sadarwa da hanyoyin koyarwa
Zaɓin siffofin horo na fasaha don gudanarwa azuzuwan, malamin ya kamata la'akari da daidaitattun hanyoyin:
- taken, burin da manufofin horo;
- ƙididdigar kungiya, shekaru da ƙwarewar hankali na masu sauraro;
- lokacin lokaci don darasi;
- kwarewar malamin;
- dabaru na tsarin ilmantarwa.
Haɗin kai mai kyau a makarantar sana'a
Harkokin sadarwa mai mahimmanci da hanyoyi na koyarwa a makarantun sakandaren suna amfani da su a cikin wasanni. Wasan don mai daukar hoto shine babban aiki kuma ta hanyar da shi za'a iya koya wa yaron abin da ya kamata a lokacinsa. Mafi dacewa ga makarantar sakandare ne wasanni na wasanni, lokacin da yara ke hulɗa da juna da kuma yadda ya kamata suyi, saboda Ana tunatar da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka fi dacewa.
Hanyoyin sadarwa na koyarwa a makaranta
A makaranta, horarwa na ba da damar yin amfani da kusan dukkanin fasaha. Hanyoyin sadarwa na koyarwa a makarantar sakandare sune:
- labaru da kuma wasan kwaikwayo;
- Ƙira;
- wasa a cikin ƙungiya, da dai sauransu.
Alal misali, ga ɗalibai na firamare wasan kwaikwayo ya dace, ma'anar shi shine koyar da abu ga maƙwabcin kusa da tebur. Koyarwa a ɗan makaranta, yaron ya koya don amfani da kayan gani da bayani, kuma ya koyi abubuwa da yawa sosai.
A cikin tsakiyar da kuma manyan makarantu, hanyoyin sadarwa na koyarwa sun hada da fasahar da aka tsara don bunkasa tunanin da tunani (aikin aikin, brainstorming , muhawara), hulɗa da jama'a (yin wasa, wasanni). Alal misali, tare da daliban makaranta, za ka iya rigakaɗa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon "Aquarium", wanda ainihin abin da ɓangaren ƙungiya ke takawa a halin da ake ciki, kuma sauran suna nazarin shi daga waje. Makasudin wasan shine ya hada da halin da ake ciki daga dukkanin ra'ayoyi, haɓaka algorithms don bayani kuma zabi mafi kyau.