Idan kun fuskanci cututtuka irin su cytomegalovirus, abin da yake da kuma ko yana da haɗari ga mutum - waɗannan su ne tambayoyin farko da kake so ka tambayi gwani. Tambayoyi na yau da kullum sun ci gaba sosai a cikin ganowar cututtuka da ba a sani ba. Cytomegalovirus ne mai basira, ba koyaushe yana ba da cikakken hoto na asibiti, da kuma yadda za a bi da cutar cytomegalovirus don kawar da jikin kwayar cutar nan gaba ne ga likitocin.
Menene cytomegalovirus?
Rashin kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus (CMV) ko cytomegaly shine kamuwa da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta a 1956. Masana binciken kwayoyin halitta sun gano wannan cutar kamar yadda yake ga iyalin herpesviruses - kwayar cututtuka na asirinta ta mutum . Herpesvirus iyali shine mafi yawan dukkanin cututtukan da suke samuwa a kwanan wata, kuma kowane ɗan lokaci na duniya yana fama da wannan ko wannan hanya. Maganar kamuwa da cuta da tafki don cutar ne kawai mutum.
Abinda ke tsakanin mutane shine:
- 10-15% tsakanin matasa;
- har zuwa 50% - shekara mai shekaru 30 da sama.
Matsayi na cytomegalovirus a cikin yanayin waje ba shi da iyaka, ba ya jure wa canjin zafin jiki, daskarewa:
- a t + 4 ° - yana aiki har zuwa 3 months;
- + 22 ° C (dakin t °) - har zuwa makonni 2;
- + 37 ° C - Cikakken ƙwayar cutar don 2 makonni;
- -22 ° C - hasara dukiyarsa bayan makonni uku;
- tare da radiation ultraviolet ya kashe a cikin minti 7.
Yaya ake amfani da cytomegalovirus?
Yaya tsarin cytomegalovirus (CMV) ya bayyana, mene ne ita, da kuma hanyoyin watsawa - waɗannan batutuwa suna da matukar dacewa, tun da cutar tana da tasiri akan jiki. Samun jikin mutum, CMV "ya tsara" a cikin kwayoyin halitta don mai kyau. Harkokin kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus da aka gano a cikin mata masu ciki, yara da kuma tsofaffi tsofaffi ya sa ya wuya a zabi hanyoyin don magani. Hakanan, hanyar shiga cikin kwayar cutar ita ce yanayin halittu na jiki. Ga yadda cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta ke daukar kwayar cutar:
- jini - a lokacin transfusion, shinge kwayoyin, ta hanyar raunuka da cuts, tsoma baki, a lokacin haihuwa (daga uwa zuwa yaro);
- saliva - hanyar iska (sneezing, magana da mai dauke da cutar), kisses;
- maniyyi, lubrication na farji - a lokacin yin jima'i;
- Milk - yaron ya kamu da nono.
Menene haɗari cytomegalovirus?
Kwayoyin jiki na mutum wanda ke kula da lafiyarsa, da kuma fadawa gabobin da tsarin tsarin mutum mai lafiya tare da karfi mai karfi, cytomegalovirus ya kasance a cikin wani yanayi mai dormant (mataki na virion) na dogon lokaci, wani lokaci a rayuwar. Amma halin da ake ciki na zamani na ilimin halayyar zamani ya kara tsananta wa jami'an tsaro na jiki, saboda haka cutar tana samun karfin zuciya. CMV shine haɗari ga mutane:
- tare da rage rigakafi ayyuka (yara, tsofaffi, ya raunana marasa lafiya);
- tare da sauran cututtuka, da ake kira "fashewar rikice-rikice": CMV tare da HIV , CMV tare da hepatitis B, C ke haifar da ci gaba da ciwon cututtuka na kowa;
- mata masu juna biyu - an san cewa cytomegalovirus a cikin ciki zai iya haifar da cututtuka na mutagenic da teratogenic a cikin tayin tayi.
Mutuwar cutar cytomegalovirus
Maganar kowace cuta ta ƙunshi abubuwa da dama:
- kamuwa da cuta;
- zamani prodromal (latent);
- bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka (m lokaci);
- dawowa ko canja wuri zuwa wani nau'i na yau da kullum tare da lokaci na gafara.
Ana nuna irin wannan tsari na CMV daga lokacin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta a gaban bayyanar cututtuka, a matsakaita daga kwanaki 20 zuwa 60. Tare da karfin jini zai iya ci gaba da sauri. An samo kamuwa da cuta na cytomegalovirus ta hanyar canja wuri ta tsakiya ko yayin lokacin da tayin ta haifa ta hanyar haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa. Hannun CMV a cikin jariri yana da hadarin gaske saboda yana iya tsokani:
- ci gaba da jaundice na jariri da kuma fadada hanta;
- splenomegaly ;
- ciwon jini a cikin gabobin ciki;
- lalacewar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.
Na yau da kullum cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta
An tabbatar da irin yanayin da ake yi na CMV ta hanyar tabbatar da cutar ta hanyar bambance-bambance daban-daban:
- bayyanuwar yanayi (spring-spring);
- damuwa na tsawon lokaci;
- hypothermia ;
- rashin abinci mai gina jiki (cututtukan carbohydrates mai narkewa, abinci mai yalwaci, ƙananan musa da m);
- halayen jima'i.
A cikin nau'i na yau da kullum, kwayoyin da aka shigar da kwayar cutar ta farko sun lalace: glandes salivary, da jini, kwayoyin lymphoid, da kuma mucous membranes na jikin dabbobi. Kwayoyin sun zama masu girma a cikin girman, wannan abu ne ake kira megalocytosis. A tsawon lokaci, kwayoyin "kumbura" sun rasa karfin da zasu iya rabawa kuma su mutu - fashewa, haifar da kumburi da kyamaran da ke kewaye, wanda ake kawo cutar.
Cytomegalovirus - bayyanar cututtuka
Cytomegalovirus abin da yake a cikin bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma yadda za a gane cewa cutar ta kamuwa da jikin ta? Ƙwararren kwayar cutar cytomegaly mai tsanani kuma mai cike da lalacewa ba shi da ƙwarewa kuma yana kama da bayyanuwar wasu cututtuka. Kwararrun likita na iya ɗauka cewa cutar ta kamu da yawancin cututtuka, amma kalmar ƙarshe ta kasance a baya bayanan nazarin binciken binciken kwayoyin halitta. Gano yadda yadda kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus ya nuna kansa - da bayyanar cututtuka sau da yawa ya dogara ne akan amsawa ta jiki.
Latent cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta
Bayani na cytomegaly ba su nan ba, mutum yana jin dadin lafiya, ba tare da wata damuwa ba akwai yiwuwar yanayin kama-da-rai kamar yadda kamuwa da cutar CMV ta kasance yana nuna wadannan alamun bayyanar:
- ƙara karuwa;
- malaise;
- yawan ciwon kai;
- kwatsam da bala'i da tsoka;
- Sugar sanyi;
- m rhinitis;
- ciwon gida a cikin tsokoki, ɗigogi;
- Raguwar hankali a hankali (kayar da ido);
- ƙaddamar da ƙananan lymph nodes a shafin gabatarwar cutar;
- rashin cin zarafi a cikin mata, mucous da purulent sallama.
Tare da nau'i na latse, alamar bayyanar ta cigaba da hankali, da farko a cikin nau'i na rarrabe, amma a tsawon lokaci jikin ya zama ƙasa marar haske. Lokaci na gyaran gyare-gyare tare da sake dawowa da bayyanar cututtuka. Kwayoyin cutar CMV a cikin yara tare da samuwa da samfurori (ya zama sananne a shekaru 2-3 da isa rana ta shekaru 8-9):
- jin da hankali da hangen nesa;
- ARVI mai yawa;
- yalwa ga maganin gaggawa;
- tsoka da haɗin gwiwa.
Tsarin kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus
Sakamakon cutar kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus a cikin nau'i na al'ada shi ne mummunar lalacewa ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Hoton hoton da wannan tsari yana da haske sosai, bayyanar cututtuka suna ci gaba da sauri. Kwayar jinsin yana da wuya, tare da cututtuka masu tsanani: HIV, cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta mai kamala, mai tsanani na rashin lafiya a cikin tsarin rigakafi. Bayyanar cututtuka na cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta a cikin manya:
- zazzabi da profuse sweating;
- hanzarin hanzari tayi girma da ciwon numfashi tare da numfashi na numfashi;
- ciwon ciki da tsinkaye;
- shan kashi na jijiyoyin cranial;
- kumburi na farfajiyar idanu;
- launi da yawa.
Symptomatic a cikin yara da aka haifa tare da CMV:
- maganganun magana;
- chorioretinitis;
- kurari;
- makanta (zane na jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi);
- hydrocephalus;
- bazawar haihuwa;
- kayar da tsarin da ke cikin tsakiya (cin zarafi na ayyuka).
Sanin asali na kamuwa da cutar cytomegalovirus
Ɗaukaka binciken zamani na zamani a mafi guntu ya nuna maciyar cutar ta cutar, saboda tun da farko an fara fara magani, mafi mahimmancin sakamako. Binciken akan cytomegalovirus yana da mahimmanci kuma don dalilai masu kariya, lokacin da matasan mataye suke shirin daukar ciki. A lokacin daukar ciki, ganewar asali shine maɓallin mawuyacin hali ga mace don ci gaban al'auranta.
Jinin don cytomegalovirus
An gano kwayoyin musamman ga cytomegalovirus yayin gwajin jini. Irin wannan binciken shine nufin gano IgG / IgM immunoglobulins:
- IgG - ganewar wannan jabu na kwayar cutar ba ta ɗauke da muhimmancin ƙimar ganowa ba. Wannan alama ce cewa kwayar ta hadu da kamuwa da cuta kuma ta kwaba. Amma wani darajar IgG antibody fara fara saya idan adadin su ya wuce ka'ida ta hanyar sau 4 - alamar cewa kamuwa da cuta yana cikin juyawa, ko kuma karo na farko da cutar ta faru.
- IgM yana nuna alama sosai game da kasancewar wani mahaukaci na jiki a cikin jiki, ba kamar IgG ba, waɗannan kwayoyin cutar sun haɗa ta jiki ne kawai, sun bayyana cikin jini bayan 'yan kwanaki, lokacin da ba a nuna alamun bayyanar ba.
Rikicin PCR (ƙungiyar polymer chain reaction) - ganowa da rabuwa da kwayar halittar DNA ta hanyar amfani da shi don manufar nazarin an dauke shi da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a ganewar CMV:
- dace da daidaito har zuwa 95%;
- Ana gudanar da bincike a cikin kwanaki 2;
- Hakanan halayen yana taimaka wajen gane cutar a farkon matakai.
Cytomegalovirus a cikin smear
Sakamakon ganewar cututtuka ba zai iya tasiri ba, banda kawai akan binciken daya. Abinda ya dace ya ba mu damar samun ainihin hoto. Ana gano cytomegalovirus a cikin mace ta hanyar cire mummunan mucosa da urethra. Cytology na smear taimaka wajen gano kwayoyin cuta zuwa cutar kuma don gane kwayoyin halitta wadanda suka shafe canjin yanayi kamar sakamakon sakamakon lalacewar cutar.
Cytomegalovirus - magani
Babban tabbacin kiwon lafiya shine rigakafi, amma yadda za a bi da cytomegalovirus idan an riga an gano cutar? Aikin likita shine don kara fahimtar marasa lafiya: yadda za a gane cytomegalovirus, abin da ake nufi, abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan an manta da shawarwarin kulawa kuma ba a yi amfani da shawarwarin likita ba. Jiyya na cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta kama da wannan:
- Mononucleosis da jigon magani bai kamata ba.
- Mahimmin farfadowa yana nufin kawar da bayyanar cututtuka.
- Tare da tsarin intrauterine (CM), an yi amfani da kwayar magani ganciclovir.
- An tsara kwayoyi masu tsangwama.
- Ana amfani da immunoglobulins don gyara rigakafi.
- Lokacin da ulcewa a cikin bakin yana buƙatar yin wanka tare da bayani na furacillin, decoctions na ganye.
- An yi amfani da kayan shafawa na Antiviral (acyclovir, tebrofenic, oxolinic) a cikin cututtukan rasuka a kan jikin mutum.
- Ana amfani da farfadowa mai zurfi a cikin hoto mai tsanani.