9 mafi yawan gwaje-gwaje a tarihi na ilimin halayyar mutum

Psychology ne kimiyya da ke nazarin dabi'un mutum ko dabba cikin yanayin da aka ba da. Bincike a wannan yanki yana taimaka wa jama'a na gaba a gaba, neman amsoshin tambayoyin da suka fi zafi, magance cututtuka daban-daban na psyche . Mafi yawa daga cikin nasarori sune sakamakon sakamakon binciken tara mafi tsanani a tarihi na ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu ba su sha wahala ba.

9 mafi yawan gwaje-gwaje a cikin ilimin halin mutum

1. Wani gwaji wanda ya nema ya tabbatar da cewa jima'i na yaro a haihuwar ba kome ba kuma idan an so, za'a iya tayar da shi daga jariri a matsayin yarinyar, da kuma yaro. Rubutun shine Bruce Reimer, wanda aka yi masa kaciya a cikin shekaru takwas, amma kuskuren likita ya cire shi. Masanin ilimin ilimin halitta John Mani ya jagoranci yaron yaro, yana maida hankali a cikin mujallolin. An ba shi aiki da yawa, ya ba da hormones, amma a karshen gwajin ya gaza, kuma dukkanin dangi sun shafi: mahaifinsa ya zama giya, mahaifiyarsa da ɗan'uwansa suna cikin mummunan rauni, Reimer kansa yana da shekaru 38 ya kashe kansa.
2. Sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na 9 mafi tsanani sun haɗa da nazarin zamantakewar zamantakewa na mutane. Masanin gwaji Harry Harlow ya zaba 'yan uwan ​​daga uwaye na birai kuma ya ware don shekara guda. Abinda aka gano a cikin jarirai a cikin jarirai ya haifar da ƙaddamarwa cewa ko da yarinya yaron ba tsaro ne ba daga ciki .
3. Wani gwaji wanda ya haifar da ƙaddamarwa cewa mutum sauƙi ya sauke da iko kuma bai jinkirta yin dokoki mafi ban mamaki ba. Stanley Milgram ya gudanar da shi, wanda ya ba da umarnin gwaji don kaddamar da fitowar wani mai shiga cikin gwaji. Wadanda suka ci gaba da yin wannan sanarwa cewa fitarwa ta kai 450 volts. Kuma wannan shi ne wani daga cikin gwagwarmaya 9 da ke cikin ilimin halin mutum.
4. Wani gwaji wanda manufarsa shine gano ainihin danniya da rashin kulawa a cikin mutane bayan jerin lalacewar. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a kan karnuka ta hanyar binciken psychologists Steve Mayer da Mark Seligman, wadanda suka kori dabbobi don sake sakewa daga yanzu. A ƙarshe, ko da yake komawa cikin katanga mai bude, karnuka ba su yi ƙoƙari su tsere ba da kuma dakatar da azabtarwa. Sun yi amfani da shi don ba da jimawa ba.
5. Gwaji don nazarin dabi'ar tsoro da phobias. John Watson ne ya jagoranci wani jariri marayu mai shekaru 9, wanda ya fara jin tsoron kullun da kuma sauran abubuwan da ke cikin gwajin. A kowace ƙoƙari na yaron ya yi wasa da dabba, bayan baya ya bugi guduma a ƙarfe.
6. A cikin 9 gwaje-gwaje masu tsanani, wanda ya yi nazarin ɗan adam yana da hannu. Karin Landis, wanda ya hotunan su a lokacin bayyanar da mawuyacin motsin rai, ya gudanar. A wannan yanayin, ba a samu wani tsari a cikin magana ba, kuma ratsan rai masu rai, wadanda surar kawunansu suka yanke kawunansu, sun fuskanci mummunan azabar.
7. An gwada gwaji game da nazarin sakamakon kwayoyi akan jiki akan dabbobi da suka aikata kansu da yawa lalacewa kuma suka mutu.
8. Gwaji don nazarin halin da al'amuran zamantakewa na mutanen da ke da mawuyacin hali a gare su. Philip Zimbardo ne ya jagoranci 'yan makaranta a cikin kuliya na kurkuku kuma aka sani da jarrabawar jarrabawar Stanford. A cikin tsarinsa, an rarraba masu aikin sa kai ga masu tsaro da fursunoni, waɗanda suka kasance sun saba da matsayinsu cewa yanayin da ya faru ya faru. An katse tun kafin tsammanin ya ƙare don dalilai nagari.
9. Gwaji don tsabtace darajar ma'aikata daga mutanen da ba na al'ada ba. An gudanar da shi a ƙarshen karni na 20 a rundunar sojojin Afirka ta Kudu. A sakamakon haka, kimanin 1,000 sojoji, wadanda aka gano ta hanyar likitoci na asibitoci, an tura su zuwa farfadowa, an tilasta su dauki hormones, wasu kuma sun tilasta su canza jima'i.