Yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci abin da cholesterol yake, domin a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an kula da shi sosai. A wasu ƙasashe, alal misali, a Amurka, har ma a wani lokaci akwai tsawan ciki saboda wannan "abu mai hatsari". Mutane sunyi imani cewa shi ne dalilin dukan cututtuka. Duk da haka, wannan ƙashi ne kawai na gaskiya.
Menene cholesterol a jini?
Don bayyana wannan zai taimaka ma'anar kalmar da aka yi amfani dashi. Daga tsohuwar harshen Helenanci zuwa "Rasha" - "bile" da "στερεός" - "wuya". A wasu kalmomi, shi ne barasa lipophilic. Halin cholesterol a jikin mutum yana da kyau:
- Kasancewa wajen samar da bile, ba tare da abin da ba abinci ba ne.
- Sashi ne na tantanin halitta.
- Yayi shiga cikin kira na cortisone - hormone wajibi ne don dacewa da matakan abu .
- Kwayoyin tafiye-tafiye zuwa abubuwa daban-daban, daura mahadi masu cutarwa kuma cire su daga jiki.
- Cholesterol na da hannu wajen samar da jima'i na jima'i .
Wannan kwayar halitta, kamar dukan mai shanko, ba shi da ruwa a cikin ruwa. Kusan kashi 80 cikin dari na cholesterol ya samo ta jiki kuma kawai 20% ya zo ne daga cin abinci. A cikin jinin, wannan tsari na kwayoyin halitta yana cikin launi na lipoproteins. Akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa na sufuri masu tafiya:
- Nauyin nauyi na kwayoyin (LPVL);
- Nauyin kwayoyin ƙananan (LDL);
- Nauyin kwayoyin ƙananan (VLDL);
- chylomicrons.
Menene LDL cholesterol?
A cikin mutane na kowa an kira shi "mummunar". Kimanin kashi 70% na cholesterol wanda ke cikin plasma jini yana nufin LDL. Wannan haɗin yana da mahimmanci ga jiki, domin yana tabbatar da aikin da ya dace. Duk da haka, idan matakin lipoproteins marasa ƙarfi ya wuce na al'ada, wannan yana da hatsarin gaske. Saboda rashin daidaituwa, tsarin na zuciya na zuciya zai iya fama. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da muhimmanci a san abin da ke da ƙananan cholesterol zuwa ga waɗanda aka tsara don ci gaba da waɗannan pathologies.
Lipoproteins na wannan rukuni sun bambanta a kananan ƙananan. Awanin irin waɗannan sunadaran sunadarai sune 18-26 nm. Saboda haka za su iya shiga cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin da jini ke tattare da irin wannan mahadar ya wuce ka'idar, sun saba da tarawa a kan endothelium na capillaries, veins da arteries, suna samar da alamomi. Don tantance yiwuwar tasowa atherosclerosis da sauran cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya, an yi gwaje-gwaje na jini na musamman.
Menene HDL cholesterol?
Ga mutane da yawa an san shi da "mai kyau". Wadannan barbashi ana daukar su ne mafi ƙanƙanci. A diamita ba ya wuce 11 nm. A cikin abun da suke ciki, zabin zaki yana cikin ɓangaren sunadarai, yayin da kitsen abun ciki bai da muhimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abin da cholesterol mai girma yake, saboda wannan fili yana taka rawar gani a cikin lafiyar. Wadannan lipoproteins sun tsaftace tasoshin ajiyar mai da ke tarawa a kan su. Wadannan barbashi suna da haske. Suna kama da "datti" launi kuma suna kaiwa ga hepatocytes. A nan, "sihiri" an canza zuwa acid mai fat, sa'an nan kuma an cire shi ta hanyar hanyar narkewa.
Menene cholesterol?
Wannan alamar yana ƙaddamar da ƙwayar "mai kyau" da "mara kyau". Dogaro da dukkan abubuwa ya zama al'ada. Dukkan ƙananan ƙananan kuɗi da haɗari suna da haɗari. Irin wannan rashin daidaituwa zai iya haifar da sakamako mai tsanani. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da muhimmanci ga mai haƙuri ya fahimci abin da cholesterol yake cikin gwajin jini. Doctor zai taimaka masa ya magance wannan aiki mai wuya.
Yaya za mu san matakin cholesterol cikin jini?
Don sanin ƙaddamarwar irin wannan abu a cikin jiki, an tsara lipidogram. Ana amfani da jini mai shan jini don wannan binciken. Bisa ga sakamakon bincike, likita zai bayyana wa mai haƙuri ba kawai abin da ke cholesterol ba, amma har ma yana da al'ada. A lokaci ɗaya, suna nazarin da kwatanta alamun LDL da HDL. Wannan ya ba likita damar tantance haɗarin canza canji a cikin jiki.
Kafin kayyade matakin cholesterol a cikin jini, za a shawarci masu haƙuri su shirya don bincike. Ya kamata yayi irin wannan canji:
- An bayar da bincike a cikin safe a cikin komai maras kyau, saboda haka ana bukatar jinkirin karin kumallo don daga baya. Bugu da ƙari, bayan cin abinci na ƙarshe ya kamata a kai akalla sa'o'i 10.
- Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a jarrabawa, dole ne a cire abinci mai mahimmanci daga cin abinci.
- Ana amfani da magunguna da aka dauka (musamman NSAIDs, Omega-3, bitamin). Idan mai haƙuri yana cinye irin waɗannan kwayoyi, ya kamata ya sanar da likitan game da shi. Masanin ya san abin da cholesterol yake da kuma irin tasirin da wadannan magunguna suka yi a kan matakinsa, saboda haka ana iya gargadi wasu daga cikinsu su dakatar da dan lokaci.
- Rabin sa'a kafin gwajin, ba za ka iya shan taba ba.
- Kafin shiga ofishin, inda aka samo samfurin samfurin, ya kamata ka kwantar da hankalinka kamar yadda ya kamata.
Cholesterol a cikin mutane
Wannan kwayoyin halitta an lasafta shi a millimoles da lita na jini. Ana ƙaddara mafi ƙarancin kuma iyakar iyakar ga HDL da LDL. A wannan lokaci, akwai cholesterol a cikin jinin mutumin lafiya. Yanayi na bambanta. Girman su ya dogara da irin waɗannan abubuwa:
- jima'i;
- shekaru.
Cholesterol a cikin mata
A duk tsawon rayuwan, aikin wannan ƙungiyar kayan aiki yana canza. Saboda haka, matakin cholesterol a cikin 'yar shekara talatin zai kasance kasa da na mace mai shekaru arba'in. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙuruciyar metabolic metabolism yana da hanzari, don haka LDL ba ta tara a cikin jini. Duk da haka, a lokacin daukar ciki akwai canji a cikin asalin hormonal a cikin jikin mahaifiyar nan gaba. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin abun ciki na lipoproteins a cikin jinin mace.
Cholesterol a cikin maza
Tana lura ko a cikin iyakokin halatta shi ne mai nuna alamar wannan fili a cikin wakilin mai karfi da jima'i, ba zai yiwu ba. Samun sakamakon lafiya ta hanyar yin amfani da gwaji na jini. Yanayin cholesterol na maza ya bambanta bisa ga shekaru. Mazan mutum, wanda ya fi girman halayen lipoproteins.
Cholesterol a cikin yara
Girman matakan lipoproteins an samo ba kawai a cikin girma ba. Yara ma suna da nasaba da wannan. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da muhimmanci ga iyaye su san abin da rancen cholesterol yake a cikin yaron kuma ko ainihin ainihin mai nuna alama yana cikin iyakokin da aka yarda. Doctor zai taimaka musu su fahimci wannan tambaya. Zai bayyana abin da cholesterol yake da kuma nazarin sakamakon. Idan ya cancanta, likita zai rubuta tsarin farfadowa don yaro.
High cholesterol
Idan HDL ya fi na al'ada, wannan yana cikin mafi yawan lokuta da ake la'akari da al'ada, tun da babu iyakanceccen adadi ga irin wannan kwayoyin halitta. An yi imani cewa mafi yawan lipoproteins a cikin jini, da ƙananan hadarin cututtuka na zuciya. Duk da haka, wani lokaci wannan rashin daidaituwa zai iya nuna rashin cin zarafi na ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan yafi kowa a lokacin da:
- na kullum hepatitis ;
- barasa;
- ciwo mai tsanani;
- dyslipidemia;
- canjin cirrhotic yana faruwa a cikin hanta.
Ƙarawa a cikin LDL babban haɗari ne. Saboda haka, likitoci sun ba da shawarar cewa ka dauki lipidogram a kowace shekara ga duk wanda ya kai shekaru talatin, da kuma mutane masu girma. Wannan shi ne yadda babbar LDL cholesterol mai haɗari shine:
- Yana haifar da ci gaban cututtukan zuciya .
- Rage jini zuwa kwakwalwa. A sakamakon haka, hare-haren ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya faruwa.
- Ya haifar da canje-canjen atherosclerotic a cikin zuciyar tsohuwar zuciya.
- Yana haddasa blockage na jini, wanda zai iya sa stenosis, aneurysm ko thrombosis.
- Sakamakon bugun jini ko ciwon zuciya .
Dalilin Cutar Cholesterol Mafi Girma
Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins marasa ƙarfi sun iya haifar da wasu dalilai. Sanadin yawan ƙwayar cholesterol ya fi sau da yawa:
- Abincin mara kyau - abinci mai gishiri maras kyau, yin amfani da samfurori na ƙayyadaddun kayan abinci, abincin da ke dauke da ƙwayoyi masu yawa (yin burodi, kirim, mai tsanani cheeses da sauransu).
- Hakanan - alal misali, hypercholesterolemia za a iya daukar kwayar cutar daga iyaye zuwa yara.
- Wani salon salon zama - tabbatar da kimiyya cewa hypotension yana haifar da raguwa a HDL da karuwa a LDL.
- Samun wasu kwayoyi - don rage matakin "cholesterol" mai kyau zai iya corticosteroids, contraceptives da sauran kwayoyi.
- Kiba - yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtuka na zuciya.
Bugu da ƙari, yawan ƙwayar cholesterol zai iya haifar da irin wannan cututtuka:
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- anorexia;
- ƙananan insuwa;
- m tafiyar matakai da gallstones;
- Cushing ta ciwo ;
- hauhawar jini da sauransu.
High cholesterol - abin da za a yi?
Don daidaita matsakaicin lipoproteins, ana iya tanadar magunguna irin wadannan kungiyoyi:
- statins (Zokor, Krestor, Lipitor da sauransu);
- Nicotinic acid;
- masu neman shiga (Cholestan, Holestipol);
- fibrates (Clofibrate, Fenofibrate);
- abincin abinci tare da babban abun ciki na omega-3.
Rage cholesterol da kuma motsa jiki na matsakaici. Dole ne a zabi su a kai-tsaye. Ga wasu marasa lafiya, wani zaɓin mafi kyau duka zai gudana cikin sa'a daya. Sauran suna iya tafiya a ƙafa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tare da irin wannan aiki na jiki, ɓarna bazai karuwa ta fiye da 80%. Ayyuka masu amfani da kuma numfashi. Yana taimaka wajen saturate jiki tare da oxygen da kuma normalize matakai na rayuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, rage a LDL yana ba da nauyin al'ada. Koda ga wadanda ba su da kariya, dole a biya hankali ga abincin su: dole ne a daidaita. Kuna buƙatar ƙananan rabo kuma sau da yawa. A menu yana da mahimmanci don wadatar da irin wannan samfurori:
- kabeji;
- tafarnuwa;
- waken soya;
- apples;
- kwayoyi;
- Alamar bayanai;
- hatsi da legumes;
- kifi da abincin teku, mai arziki a cikin omega-3 fatty acid;
- duhu cakulan;
- jan kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Masu neman maganin magani kuma sun san abin da hawan cholesterol ya dauka, saboda haka suna bada shawarar yin yaki da shi don amfani da tsire-tsire masu magani:
- dioscreek da Caucasian;
- licorice tushe;
- hawthorn;
- blue blueness;
- lipu;
- dandelion da sauransu.
Low cholesterol
Barazana ba kawai karuwa bane, amma ragewa a cikin filayen lipoproteins. Wannan shi ne yadda hatsari low HDL cholesterol shine:
- Yana haifar da cigaban ɓacin rai ko juyayi.
- Yana da rauni tare da rashin zubar da ciki a lokacin daukar ciki.
- Yana haifar da cin zarafin jini a cikin kwakwalwa.
- Zai iya haifar da rashin haihuwa wanda ya haifar da rashi na jima'i na jima'i.
- Yana haifar da ci gaban hypoxia a tayin da hypovitaminosis ko rickets a jariri.
Low cholesterol a cikin jini - haddasawa
Idan index na HDL ya zama ƙasa da na al'ada, wannan yana nuna cewa jikin yana da irin wannan yanayin yanayin rashin lafiya:
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- cirrhosis na hanta;
- matakai masu ciwon maɗamfari;
- cuta a cikin aikin kodan;
- cututtuka masu illolin hanta na hanta;
- hypothyroidism.
Akwai kuma saukar da LDL cholesterol. Bai zama mai hatsari ba fiye da alama mai karuwa. Ana lura da ƙananan cholesterol a cikin jini tare da irin wannan ciwo:
- na kullum anemia;
- arthritis da sauran cututtuka na hadin gwiwa;
- sepsis;
- myeloma;
- Reynaud ciwo .
Low cholesterol - menene za a yi?
Idan dyslipidemia ya haifar da cututtuka na ciki, mai nunawa zai dawo cikin al'ada nan da nan bayan mai haƙuri ya kammala aikin likita. Bugu da ƙari, saukar da cholesterol a jini zai iya ƙaruwa ta hanyar gyara hanyar rayuwa. Dole ne a biya basira ga irin waɗannan abubuwa:
- Kashe mugayen halaye. Abandan nicotine da shan barasa yana ƙara halayen HDL ta 15%.
- Daidaita nauyi - tare da kowane karin kilogram, matsa lamba a kan tasoshin da ƙwayar zuciya ya ƙaru, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban LDL.
- Ƙara aiki na jiki - tafiya, iyo, rawa, yoga suna yarda.
Idan matakin ƙananan cholesterol, tada shi zai taimaka magungunan magani. Abinci ya kamata ya bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:
- Ya kamata cin abinci ya zama mai arziki a cikin fiber - 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.
- Yana da muhimmanci cewa calorie yau da kullum yana biye da farashin makamashi na jiki.
- Yawan cinyoyin mai cinyewa bai kamata ya wuce 25% na dukkan adadin kuzari da aka samu kowace rana ba.
- Kullum za ku ci bran.
- Ya kamata abinci ya zama ƙananan (a cikin 5-6 receptions).